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- Table of Contents
Facts about Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b.
Involved in many different effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B- cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of earlier state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or through another Fc receptor.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | FCGR2B |
Uniprot: | P31994 |
Entrez: | 2213 |
Belongs to: |
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No superfamily |
CD32 antigen; CD32b; CD32Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity II, receptor for (CD32); CDw32; Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIb, receptor (CD32); Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIb, receptor for (CD32); Fc gamma RIIB; FCG2; Fc-gamma RII-b; fc-gamma-RIIb; FCGR2; FCGR2B; FcgRIIB; FCRIIB; fcRII-b; IGFR2; IgG Fc receptor II-b; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b
Mass (kDA):
34.044 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 1q23.3 |
Sequence: | 1; NC_000001.11 (161647243..161678654) |
Is the most broadly distributed Fc-gamma- receptor. Expressed in monocyte, neutrophils, macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, Langerhans cells, B-cells, platelets cells and placenta (endothelial cells). Not detected in natural killer cells.
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
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The FCGR2B marker can be used in immunohistochemistry experiments. Boster Bio offers a selection of secondary antibodies, isotype controls, and detection systems that are optimized for IHC. This blog answers many common questions about the FCGR2B mark. This blog also provides information on using negative control conditions in IHC studies.
Two isoforms of the FCGR2B gene are encoded. They are membrane-bound as well as soluble. This protein may be bound to MARCH9 by a membrane-associated RING-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase. MARCH9 can be expressed on DCs, T lymphocytes, or B cells and is involved the regulation of immune response. This marker has many clinical applications. More research is needed to determine its usefulness in the treatment of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
This marker is used to diagnose autoimmune diseases. It can also be used to detect the presence of a particular antibody in the blood stream. It has many uses but is still poorly understood. However, it has been shown to be useful in predicting autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes, and it is used in diagnostic tests and drug development. The FCGR2B genetic test is a sensitive and specific tool to detect autoimmune diseases, especially those involving the bowel.
Antibodies play an integral role in the immune defense against infections. Their interaction and the FcgR regulates IgG formation, phagocytosis, as well as the release cytokines. The FcgRIIB genes plays a complex role in the regulation of the immune response. Molecular diagnostic tests for FcgRIIB have helped physicians to identify patients with autoimmune diseases.
Numerous studies have shown FcgRIIB expression is highly controlled by genetic variants in B cells. FcgRIIB is antagonistic to B cell phagocytosis. Overexpression of the gene leads to the opposite phenotype. Clinical applications for the FCGR2B gene markers are rapidly emerging. It is important to understand the role of the FCGR2B gene marker in an individual's immune response if you have an autoimmune condition.
The Boster Bio HIV-1 vaccine has shown high immunogenicity, with immune responses varying according to antigen-specificity. The strongest responses were seen to gp140. While responses to responses to Gp41 were comparable to those to gp140 but more durable, These results may be related to the high similarity of the epitope to those found on gut bacteria. These results indicate that there is potential for a vaccine with low immunogenicity to HIV-1.
A study with HIV-1-positive people and HIV-negative controls found that anti-spike IgG GMTs of HIV-1 vaccine recipients were lower at day 21 than those in the placebo group. This result was also confirmed on day 35. Seroconversion rates in BosterBio HIV-1 vaccine groups were significantly lower at this time than in the NVX/CoV2373 groups.
The HBV vaccine has the highest response rate in adults with HIV-1. However, if a child is vaccinated at birth, their protective antibodies were waning more quickly. The vaccine's efficacy was maintained by a subsequent dose at 1 year after the first one. This was followed by a booster, as recommended. The Boster bio HIV-1 vaccine was also effective in protecting against HbsAg.
The effectiveness of the HIV-1 vaccine depends on many factors, including the type and intensity of the immune response. The type of vaccine, the immunogen, as well the delivery method all have an impact on the intensity and duration of the immune response. There is no proof that the vaccine works in humans. The results of clinical trials for the Boster Bio HIV-1 vaccine are not yet available.
The FCGR2B gene is only expressed in COVID-19 cell types. It is not expressed in non-classical monoocytes. The FCGR3B genes encode the GPI-anchored FcgRIIIb. It is commonly expressed in neutrophils and basophils, but its expression is significantly elevated in non-classical monocytes. This gene may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID.
It has been discovered that individuals with deletions in FCGR3B have a higher risk of developing SLE. A fragment called FCGR2Bprime results from the deletion of FCGR3B. It contains upstream elements and a 5-prime codifying region. FCGR2Bprime follows the same sequence as FCGR2B. However the flanking five prime segments regulate its expression.
Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal samples of six gorillas as well as eight orangutans by the European Collection of Cell Cultures. A single gorilla's DNA was also obtained. The DNA from the samples were sequenced and analyzed using default parameters. Sequences with two or more Fcgr2B homologs were located in a separate genomic area.
The FCGR3B gene might be a candidate to diagnose severe COVID-19. The FCGR2B marker plays a significant role in the identification of a subtype MoAM. It is a promising marker for both screening and prognosis. FCGR3B is also an attractive therapeutic target. It is still unknown which of these potential uses it might have in its future.
The internal region of the gene shows high homology with the MER34B retroelement. Researchers were able, thanks to the presence MER34B in human gene sequences, to estimate the time of insertion of Fcgr3 genes in humans. Moreover, MER34B has been found in Cercopithecidae Otolemur garnetii and Macaca mulatta.
This study suggests that FCGR2C has two components. The major allele (c.742+290T), blocks binding of repressors proteins to its counterpart (c.336G+A). The other allele, c.742+290G+A, increases FCGR2C expression but has no effect on its function. However, both variants have inverse associations with the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
Despite this fact the expression of FCGR2C may be affected by other factors. Minor alleles, like p.X57Q or X13Q (rs76277413), influence the receptor's surface expression. The expression patterns of FCGR2C are different between different populations, so a general association between FCGR2C alleles and cell type is not possible. However, phenotypic studies should be performed to assess the functional consequences of allelic variants in relation with specific disease states.
There are 73 EntrezGenes located in this region. They encode two hypothetical proteins. The encoded protein could play an important role for phagocytosis, clearing immune complexes, and other functions. The gene is polymorphic and has two forms: a noncoding and a coding variant. This suggests that FCGR2C may not be a functional gene. It is not yet known what role it plays in immune responses.
PMID: 2531080 by Stuart S.G., et al. Human IgG Fc receptor (hFcRII; CD32) exists as multiple isoforms in macrophages, lymphocytes and IgG-transporting placental epithelium.
PMID: 2529342 by Brooks D.G., et al. Structure and expression of human IgG FcRII(CD32). Functional heterogeneity is encoded by the alternatively spliced products of multiple genes.