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BCL11B / B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BCL11B
Plan BCL11B paraffin IHC around nuclear staining in subsets of lymphoid, squamous epithelial and neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). Use high-staining non-germinal center cells in appendix or lymph node as positive controls (HPA tissue IHC), and start the IHC-validated antibody at 2–5 μg/ml (datasheet A01485-2).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BCL11B Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear in subsets of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclei in subsets of lymphoid, squamous and neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01485-2) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Subset staining may make a tissue appear negative (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Staining varies by tissue and cell type (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Two isoforms; check antibody epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BCL11B IHC & IF Protocols
Alongside the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A01485-2), these published protocols cover Ewing sarcoma sections (PMC7139395) and frozen mouse embryonic heads (PMC3358280).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human bladder urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01485-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01485-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01485-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01485-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-BCL11B, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A01485-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01485-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A01485-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BCL11B-positive staining in non-germinal center cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear expression in a subset of lymphoid cells, squamous epithelia, neurons and testis. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteFor the catalog antibody, start with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet A01485-2); the published Ewing sarcoma protocol used a different retrieval solution (PMC7139395).
Section 2
What Is the Expected BCL11B Staining Pattern?
BCL11B should appear predominantly in nuclei (UniProt Q9C0K0: nucleus; HPA tissue IHC). Expect staining in subsets of lymphoid cells, squamous epithelial cells and neurons, rather than every cell in a section (HPA tissue IHC). BCL11B has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9C0K0 topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Enhanced, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data and external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC).
| Distinct nuclear chromogen appears in non-germinal center cells of appendix or lymph node. | This matches an expected strong positive compartment and cell population: HPA reports High staining in these cells in both tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Assess the fraction of stained cells within that population; a subset pattern is expected (HPA tissue IHC). |
| The dominant signal is cytoplasmic or membrane-like while nuclei remain unstained. | That distribution conflicts with the nuclear tissue pattern and UniProt localization (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9C0K0: nucleus). Treat it as a specificity or detection concern until a known-positive section shows convincing nuclear staining; morphology alone cannot identify the source of the signal (general IHC practice). |
| Prominent staining appears in an HPA-reported negative cell population. | For example, HPA reports adipocytes in adipose tissue and hematopoietic cells in bone marrow as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Staining there raises concern for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; confirm the stained cell identity and compare control sections before assigning a cause (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen spreads across nuclei, cytoplasm and tissue spaces without clear cell boundaries. | Diffuse background prevents a reliable nuclear call (general IHC practice). Compare a section processed without primary antibody and inspect whether the signal follows tissue structures; background by itself does not establish BCL11B expression (general IHC practice). |
| No nuclear signal is visible in appendix or lymph node non-germinal center cells. | Those cells are reported High and provide useful positive reference material (HPA tissue IHC). First verify that the expected cell population is present in the section, then review the IHC run and controls; an absent signal in one preparation does not establish biological absence (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected BCL11B appearanceCall a section positive when chromogen is clearly nuclear in the relevant cell population: High in appendix or lymph node non-germinal center cells, or Medium in the listed neuronal and squamous epithelial populations (HPA tissue IHC); dominant cytoplasmic, membrane-like or cell-free staining is inconsistent with that pattern (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9C0K0: nucleus).
| Choice of reference population | HPA reports High staining in appendix and lymph node non-germinal center cells, but Medium staining in caudate, cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons and in cervix, esophagus and oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare cells of the same type when judging relative intensity. |
| Antibody evidence | The listed antibody, HPA049117, has Enhanced IHC status (HPA antibodies). The tissue profile still has medium staining-to-RNA consistency and awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC); interpret an unexpected distribution with controls rather than treating validation status as proof for every section. |
| Isoform coverage | UniProt annotates 2 BCL11B isoforms (UniProt Q9C0K0). The supplied record does not establish which isoform an IHC antibody recognizes, so isoform-specific staining cannot be inferred from a positive or negative section. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: where should signal appear? | HPA places the main IF signal in the nucleoplasm and an additional signal in the nucleoli fibrillar center (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). Use that as a localization cross-check; the tissue IHC profile separately describes nuclear staining in subsets of cells (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive lymphoid tissue has no convincing nuclear chromogen. | The relevant non-germinal center cells may be absent from the sampled area, or the staining run may have failed (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Locate the expected cells on the counterstained section and inspect the run's positive control. Review retrieval, antibody dilution and detection against the validated IHC procedure if the control also fails (general IHC practice). |
| Signal is strongest outside nuclei. | A dominant extranuclear pattern disagrees with the reported localization (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9C0K0: nucleus); the specific cause is unresolved. | Compare with a known-positive nuclear pattern and a no-primary control. Reassess staining conditions only after checking that the apparent signal lies within the intended cells (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected cell populations stain strongly. | Possible causes include cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice); HPA reports some populations as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). | Identify the stained cells by morphology, compare the matching HPA population, and run a no-primary control. If enzyme detection is used, check the appropriate endogenous-enzyme control (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse chromogen obscures nuclear boundaries. | Nonspecific background or excess detection signal can make compartment scoring unreliable (general IHC practice). | Compare the no-primary control; review blocking, antibody dilution, wash steps and chromogen development within the IHC workflow before rescoring nuclei (general IHC practice). |
| A no-primary section develops chromogen. | Signal without primary antibody indicates background from the detection workflow or tissue activity, rather than evidence of specific BCL11B binding (general IHC practice). | Check the detection reagents and, where relevant, endogenous-enzyme blocking. Resolve this control signal before interpreting staining in the test section (general IHC practice). |
| A low-signal area is called BCL11B-negative. | Expected intensity depends on the sampled population: HPA reports Medium staining in selected neurons and squamous epithelial cells, Low in some other populations, and Not detected in others (HPA tissue IHC). | Record the cell type and nuclear intensity, then compare that population with its HPA tissue pattern and an appropriate positive reference. Avoid applying one intensity cutoff across unlike tissues (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BCL11B staining
A01485-2 · IHCIHC analysis of BCL11B using anti-BCL11B antibody (A01485-2). BCL11B was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human bladder urothelial
A01485-2 · IHCIHC analysis of BCL11B using anti-BCL11B antibody (A01485-2). BCL11B was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tiss
A01485-2 · IFIF analysis of BCL11B using anti-BCL11B antibody (A01485-2) and anti-Tubulin Alpha antibody (M03989-3). BCL11B was detected in immunocytoche
M01485-2 · IHCMouse spleen was stained with anti-Ctip2 rabbit antibody
M01485-2 · IHCRat spleen was stained with anti-Ctip2 rabbit antibody
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127152-BCL11B/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_13484231
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127152-BCL11B/tissue/colon#imid_13484157
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127152-BCL11B/tissue/liver#imid_13484142
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127152-BCL11B/tissue/kidney#imid_13484159
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA049117; green = BCL11B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA049117; green = BCL11B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BCL11B IHC & IF
🧪Run lymph node first: non-germinal center cells should show nuclear staining (HPA: High in lymph-node non-germinal center cells; UniProt Q9C0K0: nucleus). Use adipose tissue as a negative comparator (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the positive slide, internal negative cells should have counterstained nuclei without brown DAB signal; confirm their status with the no-primary control.
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Non-germinal center cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show BCL11B in MCF-7, RT-4, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) slide, a host- and clonality-matched rabbit IgG isotype control, and a matched BCL11B-knockout biological control (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary antibody; standard IHC controls). Quench endogenous peroxidase in lymph-node sections before HRP/DAB detection to limit false brown signal (selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative not stated). The caption reports heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 before paraffin-section staining, but does not establish that retrieval is required (selected-SKU caption). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier; in lymph-node HRP/DAB sections, endogenous peroxidase can produce misleading brown signal (HPA: lymph-node positive row; selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BCL11B
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Non-germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Non-germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BCL11B IHC Tips
Use nuclear staining, cell type, and matched controls to troubleshoot BCL11B in chromogenic IHC of paraffin sections (UniProt Q9C0K0; HPA tissue IHC).
What retrieval should I try when BCL11B nuclear staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A01485-2). The selected tissue image used that retrieval before overnight incubation at 4°C with 2 μg/ml catalog antibody, so keep those conditions together for the first comparison (datasheet A01485-2). Include a section with expected positive nuclei, such as lymph node non-germinal center cells, beside the test section (HPA tissue IHC). If staining remains weak, compare retrieval heating and cooling consistency across matched sections before testing another buffer (standard IHC practice). Judge improvement by crisp nuclear signal without a parallel rise in diffuse staining (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven BCL11B staining?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative, and target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet A01485-2). Record the fixative, fixation duration, section age, and processing history before comparing specimens, since these variables can affect antigen accessibility in IHC (standard IHC practice). Run a known positive tissue section in the same staining batch to distinguish a batch failure from a specimen-specific problem (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If nuclear staining varies across a section, inspect preservation and section edges, then compare similarly processed material under identical EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A01485-2; standard IHC practice). Do not assign a BCL11B-specific fixation mechanism from the staining pattern alone.
Where should I expect BCL11B signal in a paraffin section?
Score BCL11B primarily in nuclei: UniProt lists a nuclear location, while HPA reports nucleoplasmic staining and an additional nucleolar fibrillar-center location (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; HPA subcellular). HPA tissue IHC reports nuclear expression in subsets of lymphoid cells, squamous epithelia, neurons, and testis (HPA tissue IHC). Use the hematoxylin counterstain and tissue morphology to assign chromogen to individual nuclei, especially where positive and negative cells are intermingled (standard IHC practice). Diffuse cytoplasmic color without convincing nuclear signal does not match the reported dominant location and merits control review (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; HPA subcellular). Compare compartments at the same magnification and exposure across controls and specimens (standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish BCL11B isoforms or modified forms?
UniProt lists 2 BCL11B isoforms and annotated modified residues, including phosphorylation at serines 97 and 110 (UniProt Q9C0K0). The supplied caption documents tissue staining with catalog antibody A01485-2 but gives no epitope map or isoform-specific validation (datasheet A01485-2). Therefore, treat nuclear chromogen as BCL11B immunoreactivity rather than an isoform or phosphorylation readout (UniProt Q9C0K0; datasheet A01485-2). If a study requires that distinction, check the antibody's documented immunogen against isoform sequences and seek independent validation before assigning an identity (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, antibody concentration, and detection conditions matched when comparing specimens, since technical changes can alter apparent staining intensity (standard IHC practice).
How should I plan IF alongside this BCL11B IHC assay?
Treat IF as a separate assay: the selected evidence documents chromogenic IHC on a paraffin section, with no fixative reported (datasheet A01485-2). For multiplex IF, pair BCL11B with a validated marker identifying the expected cell type and assess colocalisation in nuclei rather than relying on fluorescence intensity alone (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence and reserve a spectrally clear channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). BCL11B is nuclear and has no transmembrane segment, so permeabilisation must allow antibody access to the nuclear antigen (UniProt Q9C0K0 topology and subcellular; standard IF practice). Validate fixation and permeabilisation for the IF specimen independently; the IHC caption establishes neither IF condition (datasheet A01485-2).
How can I reduce background without losing sparse BCL11B-positive cells?
First distinguish diffuse chromogen from discrete nuclear staining in the expected cell population (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). The selected caption used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and peroxidase-linked detection with DAB (datasheet A01485-2). Check a no-primary control and apply a peroxidase block to assess detection-system and endogenous-enzyme signal (standard IHC practice). If background persists, compare primary-antibody titrations and washing on adjacent sections while retaining the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A01485-2; standard IHC practice). Preserve faint, sharply nuclear cells during optimisation; HPA describes expression in a subset of lymphoid cells (HPA tissue IHC).
What is a defensible way to quantify BCL11B IHC? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and nuclear positivity threshold before scoring, using matched controls and tissue morphology (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; standard IHC practice). For a mixed compartment, report the percentage of positive nuclei and, where intensity is reproducible, an H-score based on nuclear intensity and positive-cell fraction (standard IHC practice). If the question concerns sparse positive cells, report positive nuclei per mm² of eligible tissue as well (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to all evaluable nuclei in the prespecified cell population or to its measured tissue area, and exclude necrotic or folded regions (standard IHC practice). Record retrieval and detection batches because HPA reports only medium consistency between staining and RNA data, pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
How do I decide whether an apparent BCL11B-positive cell is real?
A credible positive is a well-preserved nucleus in a plausible cell population, with little signal in the matched no-primary control (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in lymph node and appendix non-germinal center cells and medium staining in several neuronal and squamous epithelial populations (HPA tissue IHC). Recheck isolated cytoplasmic deposits, stained section edges, and necrotic areas before calling a cell positive (UniProt Q9C0K0 subcellular; standard IHC practice). Endogenous peroxidase can produce chromogen independent of primary antibody, so interpret DAB alongside the peroxidase-blocked control (standard IHC practice). A negative result in an unexpected cell population is inconclusive without a successful positive control and comparable processing (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best BCL11B / B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B IHC Antibodies
Two IHC-validated antibodies cover human paraffin sections (A01485-2 image captions) and human, mouse, and rat tissue (M01485-2 image captions); A01485-2 also has U2OS immunofluorescence data (A01485-2 IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-BCL11B Antibody ®
Cat # A01485-2
Real IHC data
Anti-Ctip2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M01485-2
A01485-2 will render with human bladder carcinoma IHC data; its additional captions show human breast cancer, chronic tonsillitis, and lung adenocarcinoma sections, plus U2OS immunofluorescence (A01485-2 image captions). M01485-2 will render with mouse spleen IHC data; its other captions show rat spleen and human tonsil IHC staining (M01485-2 image captions).
Which to pick: Choose A01485-2 for human paraffin-section IHC when its documented EDTA retrieval and 2 μg/ml starting concentration suit the experiment (A01485-2 IHC caption); the fixative is unreported (A01485-2 IHC caption). Choose A01485-2 for ICC/IF because it has a U2OS cell image at 5 μg/ml (A01485-2 IF caption); choose M01485-2 for human, mouse, or rat tissue IHC because it is monoclonal and has IHC images across those species (M01485-2 catalog entry; M01485-2 IHC captions). M01485-2 also lists IF at 1:200–1:1000, but supplies no IF image; its IHC captions do not report fixation or retrieval conditions (M01485-2 catalog entry; M01485-2 IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9C0K0 (BC11B_HUMAN, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL11B tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL11B subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the nucleoli fibrillar center..
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL11B antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- BCL11B expression in hepatocellular carcinoma relates to chemosensitivity and clinical prognosis. Cancer medicine 2023 — PMC10417273.
- High Specificity of BCL11B and GLG1 for EWSR1-FLI1 and EWSR1-ERG Positive Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers 2020 — PMC7139395.
- Reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcriptional factors BCL11B and SATB2 after ischemic lesion of the adult mouse brain. Scientific reports 2023 — PMC10220074.
- BCL11B regulates epithelial proliferation and asymmetric development of the mouse mandibular incisor. PloS one 2012 — PMC3358280.
- PubMed PMID:11719382 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12565905 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16809611 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BCL11B (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B). Expected localisation Nuclear in subsets of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01485-2). Validated IHC antibody: A01485-2 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Non-germinal center cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human bladder urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation tissue; fixative not…; 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01485-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01485-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01485-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-BCL11B, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A01485-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01485-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Subset staining may make a tissue appear negative (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Two isoforms; check antibody epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Staining varies by tissue and cell type (HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt Q9C0K0, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A01485-2, PMC7139395, PMC3358280. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BCL11B/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.