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GNG11 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for GNG11
Plan GNG11 IHC on paraffin sections using the reported cytoplasmic and membranous tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers the 2–5 μg/mL antibody range (datasheet A13707), chromogenic detection (datasheet A13707), and interpretation of uncertain tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
GNG11 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Glandular and tubular cells: cytoplasmic, membranous signal (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A13707) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Presumed off-target binding; tissue IHC reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Abundant in tested tissues except brain (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms or TM segment; mature chain 1–70 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended GNG11 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A13707) is accompanied by three published GNG11 IHC protocols (PMC12616338; PMC8225293; PMC11382430).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13707) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13707); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A13707); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A13707) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-GNG11, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A13707) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A13707) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A13707) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | GNG11-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in several tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A13707); published protocols used heated citrate or unspecified water-bath retrieval (PMC12616338; PMC8225293; PMC11382430).
Section 2
What Is the Expected GNG11 Staining Pattern?
GNG11 is annotated at the cell membrane and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P61952 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect membranous and cytoplasmic staining in selected glandular cells, kidney tubule cells, and smooth muscle cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat that pattern as provisional: HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain and reports presumed off-target binding (HPA: reliability).
| Membranous staining with some cytoplasmic signal in colon glandular cells or kidney tubule cells. | This fits the reported compartment pattern and the Medium staining observed in those cell groups (HPA: tissue IHC). The membrane component agrees with GNG11's annotated location (UniProt P61952: cell membrane). It supports a plausible result, but HPA's Uncertain reliability prevents treating appearance alone as proof of specificity (HPA: reliability). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, with little convincing membrane or cytoplasmic signal. | A nuclear-dominant pattern conflicts with the annotated membrane location and reported tissue pattern (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC). Consider artefact or antibody-dependent off-target binding, especially given the validation caveat (HPA: reliability). Review the negative control and staining distribution before scoring nuclei as GNG11 positive (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. | HPA reports GNG11 as Not detected in these respective cell groups (HPA: tissue IHC). Such staining warrants a check for cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity (general IHC practice). It does not, by itself, establish either cause: the tissue profile is based on an antibody with Uncertain IHC reliability (HPA: antibodies; HPA: reliability). |
| Broad, similar color across cells and extracellular areas, obscuring cell boundaries. | A uniform deposit cannot be assigned confidently to the reported cytoplasmic and membranous cellular pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Assess no-primary and detection controls, then review blocking, washes, and detection conditions for background (general IHC practice). Do not count diffuse color as a positive cell population while its source remains unresolved (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in colon glandular cells or kidney tubule cells used as a reference. | Those groups showed Medium staining in the supplied HPA observations (HPA: tissue IHC). An absent signal calls for an assay-control check before a biological interpretation: inspect tissue preservation, retrieval and reagent performance using routine IHC controls (general IHC practice). HPA's Uncertain rating means these are observed references, not guaranteed positive controls (HPA: reliability). |
💡Expected GNG11 appearanceCall a plausible positive result when selected glandular or kidney tubule cells show Medium membranous and cytoplasmic staining (HPA: tissue IHC); nuclear-dominant or indiscriminate staining is suspect against the reported pattern (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC), and specificity remains uncertain (HPA: reliability).
| Subcellular location and topology | GNG11 is annotated at the cell membrane without a transmembrane segment (UniProt P61952 topology). Read staining in the context of the observed cytoplasmic and membranous IHC profile; membrane-only scoring would exclude part of that reported pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Choice of reference cell group | Colon and rectal glandular cells, kidney tubule cells, and smooth muscle cells have Medium observed staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Adipocytes and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells are reported as Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare the named cell groups, since a whole-tissue score can conceal which cells carry the signal (general IHC practice). |
| Antibody evidence | The supplied antibody HPA045255 is rated Uncertain for IHC; presumed off-target binding was observed and disregarded in the tissue assessment (HPA: antibodies; HPA: reliability). Interpret an attractive pattern alongside controls and the stated cell-level distribution, without treating HPA staining as independent confirmation of target specificity (general IHC practice). |
| Processing and epitope information | UniProt lists a mature chain at residues 1–70, a 71–73 propeptide, and a modified cysteine at position 70 (UniProt P61952: processing and modified residue). No antibody epitope is supplied, so these annotations cannot establish whether processing or modification affects this IHC result. |
| Fixation and retrieval evidence | No target-specific fixation or retrieval effect is established by the supplied UniProt and HPA records. Apply and document routine paraffin-section retrieval and control procedures as general IHC practice; avoid attributing a weak or absent GNG11 signal to target-specific epitope masking without further evidence. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| An HPA-observed positive reference has no chromogenic signal. | The assay may have failed, or this sample may differ from the reported observation; the reference pattern itself carries Uncertain reliability (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: reliability). | Check tissue and detection controls, primary-antibody application, retrieval execution, and counterstain visibility; repeat with a documented control section before assigning a biological negative (general IHC practice). |
| Color is diffuse across the section. | Diffuse deposition is inconsistent with a readable cell-level membranous and cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Background from blocking, washing, or detection is possible (general IHC practice). | Compare no-primary and detection controls; review blocking, washes, and chromogen development, then score only signal that resolves to identifiable cells and compartments (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclei appear to be the dominant positive compartment. | That distribution conflicts with the annotated cell-membrane location and the reported cytoplasmic and membranous IHC pattern (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC). | Check controls and examine whether the deposit tracks nuclei across unrelated cell groups; withhold a GNG11-positive call until the expected cell and compartment pattern is resolved (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or bone-marrow hematopoietic cells stain strongly. | These cell groups were Not detected in the supplied HPA observations; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Review the no-primary and detection controls and compare adjacent expected cell groups. Record the discrepancy rather than converting the HPA negative observation into a claim of absolute absence (general IHC practice; HPA: reliability). |
| The expected cell groups stain, but confidence in target identity remains low. | Matching a reported pattern does not resolve the antibody's Uncertain IHC rating or the noted presumed off-target binding (HPA: antibodies; HPA: reliability). | Report the cell group, compartment, intensity, and controls explicitly; qualify the finding as pattern-consistent rather than independently validated GNG11 detection (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: reliability). |
| Can IF/ICC images settle an ambiguous IHC localization? | The supplied HPA subcellular record has no main location or ICC-IF images, so it provides no image-based localization check (HPA: subcellular). | Keep the paraffin-section IHC interpretation tied to the UniProt membrane annotation and HPA tissue observations (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC). Consult the separate IF/ICC guide for that application. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing GNG11 staining
A13707 · IHCIHC analysis of GNG11 using anti-GNG11 antibody (A13707). GNG11 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human placenta tissue. Heat med
A13707 · IHCIHC analysis of GNG11 using anti-GNG11 antibody (A13707). GNG11 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human skin cancer tissue. Heat
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127920-GNG11/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_11961367
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127920-GNG11/tissue/colon#imid_11961293
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127920-GNG11/tissue/liver#imid_11961302
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000127920-GNG11/tissue/kidney#imid_11961303
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for GNG11 IHC & IF
🧪Run appendix first and score its glandular cells, which show Medium staining (HPA: Appendix, glandular cells, Medium). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator because adipocytes are Not detected (HPA: Adipose tissue, adipocytes, Not detected); on the appendix slide, assess adjacent nonglandular cells as an internal background comparison without assuming they are GNG11-negative (standard IHC practice).
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for GNG11; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary or secondary-only and format-matched rabbit IgG isotype controls, plus GNG11-knockout tissue as a biological negative (selected-SKU IHC caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). In appendix, block endogenous peroxidase and check for background from inflammatory cells; if using the caption’s biotin-based detection, also control for endogenous biotin (selected-SKU IHC caption: biotinylated secondary and SABC–DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and fixation effect are unreported, and the exact A13707 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (selected-SKU IHC caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish whether GNG11 staining depends on retrieval (selected-SKU IHC caption). Frozen sections or IF cannot be judged easier from the supplied evidence; HPA lists no ICC-IF image-bearing cell lines, while endogenous peroxidase in appendix inflammatory cells can complicate chromogenic scoring (HPA: no ICC-IF image-bearing cell lines; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for GNG11
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Pending external verification. Presumed off target binding observed and disregarded.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced GNG11 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot GNG11 staining in paraffin section chromogenic IHC using the catalog antibody’s tissue example while treating uncertain tissue patterns cautiously.
What retrieval should I try first when GNG11 staining is weak?
Start with heat mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A13707). The selected tissue example used this retrieval before applying 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, so preserve those conditions while checking whether retrieval restores signal (datasheet A13707). Compare an adequately heated section with a matched section that received less heating, keeping section thickness and detection steps constant (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, adjust heating duration in small increments and inspect tissue integrity, because excessive retrieval can damage morphology and complicate interpretation (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or patchy GNG11 staining?
Target specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the paraffin section caption does not state its fixative (datasheet A13707). Record the fixative, fixation duration, and processing history for each specimen, then compare matched sections processed together (standard IHC practice). Use EDTA at pH 8.0 and the caption’s 2 μg/ml primary concentration as consistent starting conditions while assessing those variables (datasheet A13707). Patchiness that tracks specimen edges or poorly preserved areas warrants a morphology review before changing antibody conditions (standard IHC practice). The reported tissue patterns and GNG11 membrane annotation do not establish how this target responds to fixation (HPA: tissue IHC reliability uncertain; UniProt P61952: cell membrane).
Where should I expect GNG11 signal in a paraffin section?
Assess membrane associated staining first, while allowing cytoplasmic staining to be evaluated cautiously: GNG11 is annotated at the cell membrane, and tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic and membranous expression (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC profile). GNG11 has no annotated transmembrane segment, so a sharply outlined membrane signal is not required to the exclusion of other cellular signal (UniProt P61952: topology). Compare staining within intact cells and across neighboring compartments at the same exposure and DAB development conditions (standard IHC practice). Treat diffuse nuclear staining as suspect and check the no primary control, because the supplied localisation evidence does not identify a nuclear pool (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How can an unknown epitope affect interpretation of GNG11 staining?
Check the antibody’s documented immunogen or epitope before attributing a missing signal to tissue biology (standard IHC practice). The record annotates no isoforms and describes a 73 aa precursor with a 1–70 mature chain and residues 71–73 as propeptide (UniProt P61952: isoforms and processing). It also annotates a cysteine methyl ester at residue 70, but the supplied evidence does not locate this antibody’s epitope (UniProt P61952: modified residues; datasheet A13707: tissue caption). Keep retrieval at EDTA pH 8.0 when comparing sections, and use an independent epitope reagent if available to investigate discordant staining (datasheet A13707; standard IHC practice).
How should I investigate GNG11 by IF alongside this IHC result?
Treat IF as a separate assay: the supplied catalog evidence documents paraffin section chromogenic IHC, while the subcellular record lists no ICC/IF images (datasheet A13707; HPA: subcellular record). For multiplex IF, pair GNG11 with a validated marker for the expected cell population and compare signals in individual channels before judging colocalisation (standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence and include single stain controls to identify bleed through (standard IF practice). Because GNG11 is membrane associated without an annotated transmembrane segment and the antibody epitope side is unspecified, compare mild permeabilisation with no permeabilisation before interpreting absent IF signal (UniProt P61952: localisation and topology; datasheet A13707: epitope unspecified; standard IF practice).
How do I reduce diffuse brown staining without losing GNG11 signal?
First inspect a no primary section for detection background and review the tissue for pigment or endogenous enzyme activity (standard chromogenic IHC practice). The selected example uses 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and a biotinylated secondary followed by SABC and DAB (datasheet A13707). If background persists, check peroxidase blocking, secondary only staining, and avidin biotin related signal as workflow controls rather than assuming GNG11 expression (standard chromogenic IHC practice; datasheet A13707: detection chemistry). Adjust wash stringency or DAB development consistently across matched sections, then judge whether cellular staining separates from background (standard IHC practice).
What scoring method makes GNG11 IHC comparisons defensible? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cellular compartment and scoring region before viewing treatment groups, then score matched sections under the same DAB development conditions (standard IHC practice). For a discrete cell population, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score combining intensity with that percentage; for scattered positive cells, density per mm² can be useful (standard IHC practice). Normalize counts to the number of eligible intact cells or the analyzed tissue area, and exclude folds, necrosis, and section edges using preset criteria (standard IHC practice). Record membranous and cytoplasmic scores separately when distinguishable, because both appear in the reported tissue profile and its reliability is uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC profile and reliability).
When is a GNG11 positive IHC result convincing?
A convincing result shows reproducible staining in intact cells, with membrane associated or evaluable cytoplasmic signal and little staining in detection controls (UniProt P61952: cell membrane; HPA: tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). Do not treat a reported positive tissue as proof of specificity: the HPA tissue IHC assessment is uncertain and notes presumed off target binding (HPA: reliability description). Compare the cell population, staining compartment, and morphology across serial sections; signal confined to cut edges, necrotic areas, or an unexpected nuclear compartment merits investigation (standard IHC practice; UniProt P61952: cell membrane). Use no primary and peroxidase controls to separate DAB or endogenous enzyme artefacts from candidate GNG11 staining (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best GNG11 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 IHC Antibodies
A13707 has real IHC data from paraffin sections of human placenta, skin cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer (catalog IHC image captions). No IF/ICC data are supplied (catalog applications and image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-GNG11 Antibody ®
Cat # A13707
A13707 is listed for IHC in human samples, with staining shown in paraffin sections of human placenta, skin cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer (catalog IHC image captions and dilution listing). Its broader reactivity lists Human, Mouse and Rat, but the supplied IHC captions show human tissue only (catalog reactivity; catalog IHC image captions).
Which to pick: Choose A13707 for human paraffin section IHC: its captions report EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 2 μg/ml, within the listed IHC range of 2–5 μg/ml (A13707 IHC image captions; catalog IHC dilution). The fixative is unreported, and neither IF/ICC validation nor antibody clonality is provided (A13707 IHC image captions; catalog applications and clone field). A13707 lists Mouse and Rat reactivity, but its IHC dilution is specified for Human and its IHC images show human tissues, so cross species tissue IHC needs separate validation (catalog reactivity, dilution listing and IHC image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P61952 (GBG11_HUMAN, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11).
- Human Protein Atlas. GNG11 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. GNG11 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in HUVEC/TERT2: 322.9 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. GNG11 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Exploring the significance of GNG11, LPAR1, and AGTR1 in early diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer: A correlative analysis with clinical characteristics. Pakistan journal of medical sciences 2025 — PMC12616338.
- Assessment of Significant Pathway Signaling and Prognostic Value of GNG11 in Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma. International journal of general medicine 2021 — PMC8185253.
- Low Expression of ADCY4 Predicts Worse Survival of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Integrated Analysis and Immunohistochemical Verification. Frontiers in oncology 2021 — PMC8225293.
- Overall survival prediction of gastric cancer using the gene signature of CT-detected extramural venous invasion combined with M2 macrophages infiltration. Journal of translational medicine 2024 — PMC11382430.
- PubMed PMID:7665596 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12853948 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for GNG11 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A13707). Validated IHC antibody: A13707 at 2-5μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13707); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13707); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A13707); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A13707); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-GNG11, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A13707); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A13707). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Presumed off-target binding; tissue IHC reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms or TM segment; mature chain 1–70 (UniProt); Regulation: Abundant in tested tissues except brain (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P61952, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in HUVEC/TERT2: 322.9 nTPM, Datasheet A13707, PMC12616338, PMC8225293. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/GNG11/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.