Protein NDRG2 Antibodies

Protein NDRG2 (Ndrg2)

Contributes to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Down-regulates CTNNB1-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, such as CCND1, and may thereby act as tumor suppressor.

May be involved in dendritic cell and neuron differentiation (By similarity). .

Gene Information

Mouse
Gene Name:	Ndrg2
Uniprot:	Q9QYG0
Entrez:	29811

Family

Belongs to:
NDRG family

Alternative Names

DKFZp781G1938; FLJ25522; KIAA1248cytoplasmic protein Ndr1; NDR1-related protein NDR2; NDRG family member 2; protein NDRG2; Protein Syld709613; syld709613 protein; SYLDN-myc downstream regulator 2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
40.789 kDA

Genomic Context

Mouse
Location:	14|14 C1
Sequence:	14;

Tissue Specificity

Expressed at highest levels in brain, heart and liver, and at lower levels in kidney, colon, skeletal muscle, adrenal gland, ovary and uterus (at protein level).

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Cell Invasion
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Liver Carcinoma
• Glioma
• Carcinogenesis
• Nervousness
• Colorectal Cancer
• Mammary Neoplasms

• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Colorectal Neoplasms
• Brain Neoplasms
• Tissue Adhesions
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Liver Neoplasms

Pathways

• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Growth
• Cell Cycle
• Methylation
• Localization
• Cell Adhesion
• Dna Methylation
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Spermatogenesis
• Regeneration
• Cellular Localization

• Histogenesis And Organogenesis
• Transport
• Neurogenesis
• G1 Phase
• Intracellular Signal Transduction
• Angiogenesis
• Rna Interference

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Methylation
• Ubiquitination

• Demethylation
• Reduction
• Acetylation

• Prenylation

Research Areas

• Cancer

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/Ndrg2

Best Uses Of The NDRG2 Marker

NDRG2 is a non-reactive, mature astrocyte marker. This protein regulates the WNT signaling pathway and mediates the homeostasis of photoreceptor cells. Read on to learn how this protein works and why it's important. Then, make use of the NDRG2 antibody to find out more. It's a valuable tool for your next research project.

NDRG2 is a marker for mature, non-reactive, non-proliferating astrocytes

NDRG2 is a protein that binds to a subset of glial cells in the brain. Its immunoreactivity is enhanced in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Furthermore, NDRG2 has been shown to be associated with Purkinje neurons, glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals, synapses, and vesicular GABAergic transporters.

In recent years, NDRG2 has become a pan-astrocyte marker. The expression level of NDRG2 in RTN4A-deficient astrocytes is significantly higher than in control astrocytes. This finding highlights the power of transcriptomic studies in NHPs and identifies putative therapeutic targets.

To determine whether NDRG2 is a reliable marker for mature, non-reactive, and non-proliferating astrocyte populations, immunostaining for NDRG2 was performed in mice brain sections. Mouse brain sections showed homogeneous staining of astrocytes, while human brain sections demonstrated similar labeling. NDRG2 immunoreactivity was detected in cell bodies as well as in the cytosol.

However, Ndrg2 is also important in the early phase of astrogliosis. It positively regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling and thereby controls reactive astrogliosis. These findings suggest that NDRG2 might be a new therapeutic target for neurological disorders. In addition to regulating astroglial proliferation, Ndrg2 may also contribute to the positive feedback loop of IL-6 signaling.

Immunohistochemical studies of astrocytes with antibodies against NDRG2 and GFAP have shown that the presence of NDRG2 in brain tissue can accurately distinguish between reactive and non-reactive astrocyte populations. The use of antibodies against these proteins in brain tissue has been widely used in morphological studies of distal astrocytic processes.

It is a marker for photoreceptor cell homeostasis

In mouse retina, NDRG2 is a key contributor to photoreceptor cell homeostass. However, suppression of the gene results in photoreceptor cell death. Thus, down-regulation of NDRG2 may contribute to retinal degeneration. Nevertheless, the current study focuses on the role of NDRG2 in photoreceptor cell homeostasis.

In mice undergoing retinal degeneration, NDRG2 expression reduced the severity of retinal oxidative stress. Moreover, it decreased the mRNA expression levels of the antioxidant master transcription factor Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2.

In a previous study, researchers found that NDRG2 expression was associated with tumor differentiation. Furthermore, tumor cells that express this gene were associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. This finding highlights the need for further investigation of the role of NDRG2 in photoreceptor cell homeostasis. It is important to understand the biological function of NDRG2 in both the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.

Recent studies in rat models of retinal degeneration have revealed that decreased LDH activity is associated with photoreceptor cell death. In addition, this marker has been linked to decreased photoreceptor cell number and death. The researchers also found that NDRG2 is a marker of photoreceptor cell homeostasis. This study suggests that LDH activity may be an early warning of photoreceptor degeneration.

NDRG2 has also been found to be a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo. However, it remains unclear how exactly NDRG2 affects photoreceptor cell homeostasis. To understand the role of NDRG2 in photoreceptor homeostasis, we must first identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate NDRG2's function in the retina.

It regulates the WNT signaling pathway

NDRG2 is a gene that is expressed in breast cancer cells. Its expression inhibits STAT3 activation and promotes SOCS1 expression. The researchers report their findings in Biochem Biophys Res Commun. The authors, Mercer KE and Ronis MJ, describe the mechanism by which NDRG2 regulates the WNT signaling pathway. This pathway regulates several key signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, and NDRG2 has a role in regulating its activity.

In addition, we have identified NDRG2 as a potential cancer therapy target. The upregulation of this gene may prevent tumor growth, inhibit invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We used immunohistochemistry to identify the proteins NDRG2, protein kinase B, and XIAP. NDRG2 has been shown to be a tumor suppressor gene.

In addition to being a tumor suppressor, NDRG2 inhibits tumor growth in many types of cancer. Notably, when used alone or in combination with 2-DG and antiglycolytic agents, NDRG2 inhibits cancer cells. Cancer cells heavily rely on glycolysis in non-stressful conditions and FAO under metabolic stress. NDRG2 may be a promising cancer treatment target.

NDRG2 is a novel gene found in astrocytes. Its function has been elucidated by a number of studies. In addition to its role in neurodegenerative diseases, it also plays a role in chronic psychiatric illnesses. Understanding how NDRG2 regulates the WNT signaling pathway may lead to novel intervention strategies. It may also help us prevent the development of aging-related diseases and other common conditions.

In the case of prostate cancer, NDRG2 expression inversely correlated with TP53 expression. Inhibition of NDRG2 significantly suppressed protein expression of b-catenin and inhibited WNT signaling. This inhibitory effect was reversible when miR-454 expression was inhibited through small interfering RNA. Inhibition of NDRG2 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

It mediates photoreceptor cell homeostasis

Autophagy is a cellular process that maintains a stable level of rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells. Autophagy is required for the normal metabolic requirements of photoreceptor cells, but activation can negatively impact retinal health. Autophagy activators are shown to reduce cell death in short-term stress models, but they can also cause retinal damage when prolonged.

In addition to its role in maintaining the homeostasis of photoreceptor cells, autophagy is a major mechanism that protects them from damage induced by ROS. In rod photoreceptor IS, light exposure triggers the formation of autophagosomes about three hours after disc-shedding. Although this process is a major defense against ROS, its toxicity makes it essential for the maintenance of photoreceptor cell health.

Its role in photoreceptor cell homeostasic regulation has been determined in several animal models. Mutants of rdgC show light-dependent degeneration of photoreceptor cells. The persistent phosphorylated rhodopsin, which accumulates in an internal compartment, facilitates the formation of stable rhodopsin-arrestin complexes. Consequently, photoreceptor cells degenerate. The car mutants also show similar retinal degeneration phenotypes.

The sodium-potassium pump in photoreceptor cells functions in the control of ion balance. This pump pumps sodium and potassium ions out of the photoreceptor cell and restores its outer-segment state. The sodium-potassium pump regulates the actions of the postsynaptic terminal, which in turn controls the secretion of neurotransmitters including glutamate.

The AMPK pathway is activated in stressful conditions, thereby promoting autophagy and formation of autophagosomes. The autophagy process protects cells against stress-dependent cell damage. In addition, autophagy also protects photoreceptors by protecting them from damage caused by reactive oxidative species. It is thus important to investigate how xCT regulates the redox system and how it protects the retina.

It mediates photoreceptor cell death

We have recently reported that NDRG2 plays a key role in photoreceptor cell homeostasis. This suppression is the first molecular hallmark of photoreceptor cell death and paves the way for better understanding of retinal degeneration and improved therapies. This research is exciting news for retinal disease patients and clinicians alike. However, we need to learn more about this gene's functions and its possible roles in retinal degeneration.

NDRG2 inhibits glioma cell metastasis and inhibits the expression of integrin a3 in metastatic murine breast cancer cells (4T1). Furthermore, this gene also has an inhibitory effect on TGF-b-induced tumor metastasis. Hence, we need to study the role of NDRG2 in regulating cancer glucose catabolism.

NDRGs have been studied in a variety of cell types and tissues, including tumors and cancer cells. The crystal structures of NDRG1 and NDRG3 have provided clues about their function. Furthermore, NDRG family members are regulated by fluctuating levels of O2 and are responsive to different hypoxia durations. The spatial distribution of NDRG members has been studied in zebrafish, frog embryos, and mammals.

NDRG2 has several other roles in the body. In addition to its role in photoreceptor cell death, it has been shown to be a tumor suppressor, which is promising for developing drugs for cancer patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether or not NDRG2 can be a therapeutic target. While it is currently unknown how NDRG2 regulates photoreceptor cell death, it has been shown to have antitumor activity.

Although the precise role of NDRG2 in neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown, the gene has been implicated in regulating the growth and differentiation of cells. However, other studies have reported that the protein is involved in the signaling of several other genes in the human body. Its function in neurodegenerative disorders and tumor microenvironment is still largely unknown. Nevertheless, this research shows that NDRG2 has an important role in the aging process.