This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
RNF220 / E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF220 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for RNF220
Plan RNF220 paraffin IHC around cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Compare positive and undetected cell populations reported by HPA, and interpret staining cautiously because antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
RNF220 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC); nucleus annotated (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in cells of most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11818-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Low consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Abundant in brain and spinal cord (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; verify epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended RNF220 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s paraffin IHC protocol is supplemented by published RNF220 staining methods for human medulloblastoma and mouse frozen tissue (PMC8982406; PMC10400574; PMC8373269).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human stomach cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11818-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11818-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A11818-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A11818-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-RNF220, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A11818-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A11818-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A11818-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | RNF220-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet A11818-1); the cited paraffin methods do not specify retrieval conditions (PMC8982406; PMC10400574).
Section 2
What Is the Expected RNF220 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect mainly cytoplasmic RNF220 staining in expressing cells, including caudate and hippocampal neurons, cerebral-cortex glia, and cerebellar molecular-layer cells (HPA: tissue IHC). RNF220 is also annotated in the nucleus and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q5VTB9: subcellular location and topology). HPA rates the tissue staining “Approved,” while reporting low consistency with RNA expression and pending external verification (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Moderate cytoplasmic staining in caudate or hippocampal neurons, cerebral-cortex glia, or cerebellar molecular-layer cells (HPA: tissue IHC). | This matches the reported tissue IHC distribution and provides a useful slide-level positive reference (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare signal with adjacent cells and the negative control; “Medium” is HPA’s reported level, not a universal intensity threshold for every stain (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear chromogenic staining, with little cytoplasmic signal, in an otherwise positive tissue (HPA: tissue IHC). | Treat a nuclear-only IHC result as a compartment mismatch requiring control review: HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Nuclear localisation remains biologically plausible because UniProt lists the nucleus and HPA supports nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localisation (UniProt Q5VTB9: subcellular location; HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or heart-muscle cardiomyocytes, which HPA scores “Not detected” (HPA: tissue IHC). | Check for antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic detection activity before assigning that signal to RNF220 (general IHC practice). HPA’s “Not detected” calls are observations for its tissue assay, not proof that every specimen must be negative (HPA: tissue IHC and reliability). |
| Brown colour spread broadly across cells or tissue, without a readable cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Diffuse background prevents a reliable RNF220 localisation call. Review the negative control and detection conditions for nonspecific binding or endogenous activity, then judge whether cell boundaries and compartments become distinguishable (general IHC practice). |
| No specific staining in caudate neurons or hippocampal neurons, both scored “Medium” by HPA (HPA: tissue IHC). | First check that the tissue, staining run, and controls are interpretable; an absent signal in a reported positive cell population can reflect assay performance or specimen variation (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). HPA’s low RNA–staining consistency also limits how confidently one negative slide can be interpreted biologically (HPA: reliability). |
💡Expected RNF220 appearanceCall an IHC result consistent with the reported pattern when identifiable cells show mainly cytoplasmic staining around the HPA-reported Medium level in caudate or hippocampal neurons, cerebral-cortex glia, or cerebellar molecular-layer cells; broad background or dominant staining of HPA “Not detected” cell types warrants control review (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Which compartment should guide paraffin-section IHC interpretation? | Use HPA’s predominantly cytoplasmic tissue profile while allowing that RNF220 can occupy the nucleus (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q5VTB9: subcellular location). A nuclear signal alone does not establish a correct chromogenic result; interpret it with tissue context and controls (general IHC practice). |
| What should IF/ICC show? | HPA reports supported nucleoplasmic localisation in ICC-IF and lists images from HEK293, MCF-7, and U2OS cells (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). That observation comes from a different assay and does not replace the cytoplasmic tissue IHC profile (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF and tissue IHC). |
| How strong is the tissue-pattern evidence? | The tissue IHC assessment is “Approved,” but HPA reports low consistency between staining and RNA expression and says external verification is pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). Use the listed positive and “Not detected” cell populations as comparison points, with that limitation visible in the interpretation (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Can molecular structure explain a membrane pattern? | UniProt annotates no transmembrane segment, and lists cytoplasmic and nuclear localisation (UniProt Q5VTB9: topology and subcellular location). A sharply membrane-restricted IHC pattern therefore needs control review before attribution to RNF220; these annotations do not identify the cause of that pattern (general IHC practice). |
| Do isoforms or processing predict a different stain? | UniProt lists 2 isoforms, no signal peptide or propeptide, and a 1–566 chain (UniProt Q5VTB9: isoforms and processing). Those annotations alone do not establish isoform-specific staining, epitope recognition, shedding, or fixation sensitivity for the antibody used (UniProt Q5VTB9: annotations). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A reported positive cell population has no visible signal (HPA: tissue IHC). | The stain may have failed, or the specimen may differ from HPA’s example; absent staining alone cannot distinguish those explanations (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC reliability). | Check the run’s positive and negative controls, tissue integrity, and detection steps; compare another HPA-listed positive population before scoring the specimen negative (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei stain in a tissue section (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | The result differs from HPA’s mainly cytoplasmic IHC profile, although nuclear RNF220 is annotated and nucleoplasmic ICC-IF staining is supported (HPA: tissue IHC and subcellular ICC-IF; UniProt Q5VTB9: subcellular location). | Inspect negative controls and cell morphology, then report the nuclear pattern separately from the expected tissue IHC pattern; avoid calling it artefact or confirmed RNF220 solely from localisation (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or cardiomyocytes stain prominently (HPA: tissue IHC). | HPA reports RNF220 as “Not detected” in those cell types; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is a possible explanation for an unexpected chromogenic signal (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare the negative control and a reported positive cell population on the same run; assess endogenous peroxidase activity when using peroxidase-based detection (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Colour is diffuse and cell compartments cannot be resolved (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Nonspecific antibody or detection background can obscure a cytoplasmic signal (general IHC practice). | Review blocking, antibody concentration, washing, and detection exposure using appropriate controls; score RNF220 only after cellular staining can be distinguished from background (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears membrane-restricted (UniProt Q5VTB9: topology). | A membrane-only pattern is difficult to reconcile with the annotated absence of a transmembrane segment and the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern (UniProt Q5VTB9: topology; HPA: tissue IHC). | Check tissue morphology and negative controls, then compare the same run with an HPA-listed positive cell population before attributing the membrane signal to RNF220 (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| IHC looks cytoplasmic while a separate IF/ICC image looks nucleoplasmic (HPA: tissue IHC and subcellular ICC-IF). | HPA reports those different patterns across tissue IHC and ICC-IF, and UniProt annotates both cytoplasm and nucleus (HPA: tissue IHC and subcellular ICC-IF; UniProt Q5VTB9: subcellular location). | Interpret each assay against its own reported pattern and controls; do not use the ICC-IF observation alone to reject a readable cytoplasmic tissue IHC result (HPA: tissue IHC and subcellular ICC-IF; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing RNF220 staining
A11818-1 · IHCIHC analysis of RNF220 using anti-RNF220 antibody (A11818-1). RNF220 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human stomach cancer tis
A11818-1 · IHCIHC analysis of RNF220 using anti-RNF220 antibody (A11818-1). RNF220 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse brain tissue. Heat
A11818-1 · IFIF analysis of RNF220 using anti-RNF220 antibody (A11818-1) and anti-Beta Tubulin antibody (M01857-3). RNF220 was detected in an immunocytoc
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000187147-RNF220/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_7720256
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000187147-RNF220/tissue/colon#imid_7720182
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000187147-RNF220/tissue/liver#imid_7720191
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000187147-RNF220/tissue/kidney#imid_7720184
HPA · ICC-IF HEK293Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HEK293, antibody HPA027577; green = RNF220, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HEK293Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HEK293, antibody HPA027577; green = RNF220, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for RNF220 IHC & IF
🧪Run cerebellum first: cells in the molecular layer should show medium RNF220 staining (HPA: cerebellum, cells in molecular layer, Medium). Use heart muscle cardiomyocytes as the comparison negative (HPA: heart muscle, cardiomyocytes, Not detected); on the cerebellum slide, cells without specific staining should retain visible morphology and show only background chromogen (standard IHC practice).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show RNF220 in HEK293, MCF-7, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control; confirm specificity with RNF220-knockout material where available (caption: rabbit anti-RNF220 antibody; standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase for chromogenic detection in cerebellum and assess background in the no-primary section (caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A11818-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). That caption reports heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, so test that condition for paraffin IHC; the supplied evidence does not establish whether retrieval is required under other processing conditions (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier; for IF, assess cerebellar autofluorescence with an unstained control before interpreting signal (standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for RNF220
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in molecular layer | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Glial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | Low | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced RNF220 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot RNF220 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cellular localisation, controls and scoring before interpreting signal (datasheet A11818-1; HPA tissue IHC).
What retrieval conditions should I start with for weak RNF220 staining?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A11818-1). The selected tissue image used this retrieval before incubation with 2 μg/ml catalog antibody overnight at 4°C, so keep those conditions together for the first comparison (datasheet A11818-1). If staining remains weak, vary heating duration on adjacent sections while holding antibody concentration and detection constant; include a section from the same run to reveal tissue loss or uneven retrieval (standard IHC practice). Compare cellular staining in the cerebellum with background in adipocytes, recognising that HPA reports only medium cerebellar staining and no detectable adipocyte staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Can fixation account for absent RNF220 staining in paraffin sections?
RNF220-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence: the selected caption says paraffin-embedded tissue but does not identify its fixative (datasheet A11818-1). Record the actual fixative, fixation interval and processing history for each specimen, then compare sections processed alike before changing the antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Overfixation or underfixation can alter antigen accessibility and tissue morphology in general, but neither effect has been demonstrated specifically for RNF220 here (standard IHC practice; datasheet A11818-1). If signal differs between batches, repeat EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 alongside a previously staining section and evaluate morphology as well as signal (datasheet A11818-1; standard IHC practice).
Should RNF220 staining appear in nuclei or cytoplasm?
Evaluate both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining: UniProt places RNF220 in both compartments, while HPA tissue IHC describes predominantly cytoplasmic expression (UniProt Q5VTB9 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). HPA cell imaging instead supports nucleoplasmic localisation, so nuclear signal alone is not grounds for rejection (HPA subcellular). Score each compartment separately within identified cells, using the counterstain to define nuclei and avoiding interpretation of diffuse chromogen outside intact cells (standard IHC practice). Compare the pattern with medium staining reported in caudate neurons or cerebellar molecular-layer cells, and note that HPA rates tissue IHC consistency with RNA as low (HPA tissue IHC).
Could RNF220 isoforms or epitope accessibility explain discordant staining?
RNF220 has 2 annotated isoforms, but the supplied antibody caption does not specify its epitope or establish equal recognition of both (UniProt Q5VTB9 isoforms; datasheet A11818-1). Consequently, a negative chromogenic section cannot distinguish absent protein from an inaccessible or missing antibody epitope (standard IHC interpretation; datasheet A11818-1). RNF220 lacks a transmembrane segment and has an annotated phosphoserine at residue 390; neither fact establishes where this antibody binds or how retrieval affects recognition (UniProt Q5VTB9 topology and modified residues). If discordance persists, document the antibody’s mapped epitope if available and compare an independently targeted antibody on adjacent sections with matched controls (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve an ambiguous RNF220 IHC localisation?
Use IF as a separate localisation check, since HPA reports supported nucleoplasmic signal in cell imaging while tissue IHC reports mainly cytoplasmic staining (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Multiplex RNF220 with a validated marker identifying the cell population being assessed, and inspect separate channels before calling colocalisation (standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore and filter set that separates signal from measured tissue autofluorescence, with an unstained section to establish that background (standard IF practice). RNF220 has no transmembrane segment, so use controlled permeabilisation to expose intracellular epitopes after fixation; the required strength and fixation conditions for this antibody are unreported (UniProt Q5VTB9 topology; standard IF practice; datasheet A11818-1).
How should I troubleshoot diffuse brown RNF220 staining?
First inspect a no-primary section and tissue edges: brown signal there can arise from detection chemistry, endogenous peroxidase or uneven reagent exposure (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Include a peroxidase block and the same DAB development time across comparison sections; the selected image used peroxidase-linked detection and DAB, but does not specify a peroxidase block (datasheet A11818-1; standard IHC practice). The caption reports 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary overnight at 4°C, and secondary incubation for 30 minutes at 37°C (datasheet A11818-1). If background persists, titrate primary concentration while preserving retrieval and controls, then judge signal within intact cells against the no-primary section (standard IHC practice).
How should RNF220 IHC staining be scored across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Predefine the cell population and score cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments separately because reported RNF220 localisation differs between tissue IHC and cell imaging (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). For each compartment, record the percentage of positive intact cells and staining intensity, then calculate an H-score from the same thresholds across slides (standard IHC practice). Normalise positive-cell counts to the number of evaluable cells in that population, or report positive-cell density per mm² of evaluable tissue when cell segmentation is unreliable (standard IHC practice). Exclude necrosis, folds and edges, and process comparison slides with matched retrieval, DAB development and counterstaining before comparing scores (standard IHC practice).
What distinguishes convincing RNF220 signal from staining artefact?
A convincing result is cellular, reproducible across comparable sections and compatible with RNF220’s cytoplasmic or nuclear localisation, rather than confined to damaged tissue (UniProt Q5VTB9 subcellular location; standard IHC practice). Check the assigned cell population: HPA reports medium staining in cerebellar molecular-layer cells and no detectable staining in adipocytes, but its tissue IHC has low consistency with RNA data (HPA tissue IHC). Signal restricted to section edges, necrosis or a no-primary control suggests processing or detection artefact; brown precipitate from endogenous enzyme activity should prompt review of the peroxidase block (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Treat unexpected compartment or cell staining as provisional until morphology, controls and an independently targeted antibody support it (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best RNF220 / E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF220 IHC Antibodies
The IHC-validated anti-RNF220 antibody has paraffin-section images from human stomach cancer and mouse and rat brain, plus an IF/ICC image from HeLa cells (A11818-1 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-RNF220 Antibody ®
Cat # A11818-1
The sole card, A11818-1, lists IHC for human, mouse and rat and shows staining in paraffin-embedded human stomach cancer, mouse brain and rat brain sections (catalog applications/reactivity; A11818-1 IHC captions). It also lists IF/ICC and shows RNF220 staining in HeLa cells (catalog applications; A11818-1 IF caption).
Which to pick: Choose A11818-1 for chromogenic tissue IHC: its paraffin-section captions report EDTA pH 8 antigen retrieval and DAB detection; the fixative is unreported (A11818-1 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, the same SKU has a HeLa-cell fluorescence image and a listed IF/ICC application (A11818-1 IF caption; catalog applications). For cross-species IHC, its captions show human, mouse and rat sections, matching its listed reactivity (A11818-1 IHC captions; catalog reactivity).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q5VTB9 (RN220_HUMAN, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF220).
- Human Protein Atlas. RNF220 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. RNF220 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. RNF220 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Transcriptomic analysis of spinal V1 interneurons informs their multifunctional role in motor output. Nature communications 2026 — PMC13554063.
- Sequential stabilization of RNF220 by RLIM and ZC4H2 during cerebellum development and Shh-group medulloblastoma progression. Journal of molecular cell biology 2022 — PMC8982406.
- Smurf1 and Smurf2 mediated polyubiquitination and degradation of RNF220 suppresses Shh-group medulloblastoma. Cell death & disease 2023 — PMC10400574.
- Haploinsufficiency of the TDP43 ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 leads to ALS-like motor neuron defects in the mouse. Journal of molecular cell biology 2021 — PMC8373269.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16710414 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for RNF220 (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF220). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC); nucleus annotated (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11818-1). Validated IHC antibody: A11818-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human stomach cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11818-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11818-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A11818-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A11818-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-RNF220, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A11818-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A11818-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Low consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; verify epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Abundant in brain and spinal cord (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q5VTB9, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm., Datasheet A11818-1, PMC8982406, PMC10400574. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/RNF220/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.