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RPL10 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for RPL10
Plan RPL10 paraffin-section IHC around granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation consistency (standard IHC practice), the 2–5 μg/mL primary antibody range (datasheet A04190-3), and cautious scoring because staining may reflect more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
RPL10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04190-3) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining may reflect products of more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulation annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 2–214 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended RPL10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A04190-3) is accompanied by three published RPL10 IHC protocols covering ovarian, colorectal, and testicular sections (PMC5858496; PMC8927999; PMC11872710).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human gall bladder adenosquamous carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A04190-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04190-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A04190-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A04190-3) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-RPL10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A04190-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04190-3) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A04190-3) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | RPL10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A04190-3); the published protocols also describe citrate pH 6.0 and boiling EDTA (PMC5858496; PMC8927999; PMC11872710).
Section 2
What Is the Expected RPL10 Staining Pattern?
RPL10 is a cytoplasmic component of the large ribosomal subunit and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P27635). In paraffin-section IHC, expect granular cytoplasmic staining across many cell types, including the high-staining examples listed by HPA (HPA tissue IHC: ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic expression). HPA rates tissue staining reliability Enhanced, while reporting medium agreement with RNA expression and caution that the antibodies may detect protein from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC: reliability description).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in adrenal glandular cells, marrow hematopoietic cells, or bronchial epithelium (HPA tissue IHC: High in each). | This fits the observed IHC pattern and UniProt cytoplasmic location (HPA tissue IHC: ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic expression; UniProt P27635). Compare intensity with nearby cells and controls; High is an HPA observation, not a required score for every section (HPA tissue IHC: High in listed cells; general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear, sharply membranous, or extracellular signal, with little cytoplasmic staining (UniProt P27635: cytoplasm; HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasm). | These compartments do not fit the supplied IHC pattern or the lack of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasm; UniProt P27635: topology). Treat them as possible staining artefacts and assess control sections and detection background before interpreting them as RPL10 (general IHC practice). |
| A cell population outside the reported pattern stains much more strongly than adjacent known-positive cells (HPA tissue IHC: listed High cell populations). | Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially if the signal has the wrong compartment (general IHC practice; UniProt P27635: cytoplasm). HPA warns that its tissue staining may include protein from more than one gene, so morphology alone cannot establish target specificity (HPA tissue IHC: reliability description). |
| Broad, even chromogen covers cells and tissue spaces without distinct cytoplasmic granules (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasm). | This obscures the reported pattern and is compatible with nonspecific background rather than an interpretable positive result (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasm; general IHC practice). Review the negative control, blocking, antibody dilution, washes, and detection chemistry as general IHC checks (general IHC practice). |
| No signal appears in an otherwise intact section of HPA-listed high-staining tissue (HPA tissue IHC: High in listed cells). | Target-specific fixation effects are not established by the supplied assay evidence. Verify with a matched IHC source before attributing a result to fixation. |
💡Expected RPL10 appearanceCall positive a discernible granular cytoplasmic signal in the relevant cells, with strong examples among HPA's High groups; isolated nuclear or sharply membranous color is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: pattern and High cells; UniProt P27635: cytoplasm and topology).
| Cell population and tissue | HPA reports High staining in adrenal glandular, marrow hematopoietic, bronchial epithelial, caudate neuronal, and cortical glial cells, among others; soft-tissue fibroblasts are Low (HPA tissue IHC: positive and low lists). Use those distinctions when choosing comparison areas, without treating Low as absent (general IHC practice). |
| Compartment | UniProt places RPL10 in the cytoplasm as a 60S ribosomal-subunit component; HPA describes granular cytoplasmic tissue staining (UniProt P27635: subcellular location and subunit; HPA tissue IHC: profile). For chromogenic IHC, score the cellular pattern separately from overall stain intensity (general IHC practice). |
| Antibody evidence and specificity | HPA lists IHC as Enhanced for CAB010339 and Supported for HPA011311, while tissue reliability is Enhanced with medium RNA agreement and a multi-gene detection caution (HPA antibodies: IHC status; HPA tissue IHC: reliability description). Keep that specificity limit in mind when assigning weak or unexpected color to RPL10. |
| Protein processing and topology | UniProt lists no signal peptide, propeptide, or transmembrane segment and annotates the mature chain as residues 2–214 (UniProt P27635: processing and topology). The supplied record therefore gives no basis to predict a secreted or membrane-restricted IHC pattern. |
| ICC-IF comparison | HPA reports enhanced endoplasmic-reticulum and cytosol localization by ICC-IF, whereas its tissue IHC profile is granular cytoplasmic (HPA ICC-IF: main location; HPA tissue IHC: profile). The ICC-IF observation can inform compartment interpretation, but it does not define a paraffin-section protocol. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No chromogenic signal in a known-positive comparison section (HPA tissue IHC: listed High cell populations). | A run-level detection or antibody-use problem is possible; the supplied sources do not identify an RPL10-specific fixation effect (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: source scope). | Confirm positive-control staining, reagent activity, and the IHC-validated antibody's paraffin-section instructions; review retrieval only as a general IHC variable (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclear or sharply membranous color dominates (UniProt P27635: cytoplasm and no transmembrane segment). | The location conflicts with the supplied tissue pattern and may reflect nonspecific staining or detection artefact (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasm; general IHC practice). | Compare negative and known-positive controls, then assess blocking and detection conditions before scoring the color as target staining (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected cells stain strongly while HPA-listed high-staining cells are weak (HPA tissue IHC: positive list). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible; HPA also cautions about detection of protein from more than one gene (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: reliability description). | Check cell identity and compartment, compare an appropriate negative control, and report the specificity uncertainty rather than assigning the signal solely to RPL10 (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: reliability description). |
| Diffuse color masks cytoplasmic granules (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasmic profile). | Nonspecific background can obscure a cell-level pattern; the payload does not identify a target-specific cause (general IHC practice). | Inspect negative controls, blocking, washes, primary-antibody dilution, and chromogen development using the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Staining varies across the section despite similar cell populations (HPA tissue IHC: ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic profile). | Section or run variability is possible, but HPA's tissue levels do not establish an RPL10-specific retrieval or fixation mechanism (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: source scope). | Review section quality and processing records, then compare matched control sections before interpreting regional loss as biology (general IHC practice). |
| Q: Should IF/ICC show the same fine pattern as paraffin IHC? | HPA reports endoplasmic-reticulum and cytosol localization in ICC-IF and granular cytoplasmic staining in tissue IHC; these are different assay observations (HPA ICC-IF: main location; HPA tissue IHC: profile). | A: Expect broadly cytoplasmic localization in either assay, but evaluate IF/ICC detail using its own guide and controls; do not transfer an IF/ICC protocol to this IHC design (UniProt P27635: cytoplasm; general IHC/IF practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing RPL10 staining
A04190-3 · IHCIHC analysis of RPL10 using anti-RPL10 antibody (A04190-3). RPL10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human gall bladder adenosqu
A04190-3 · IHCIHC analysis of RPL10 using anti-RPL10 antibody (A04190-3). RPL10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse brain tissue. Heat me
A04190-3 · IFIF analysis of RPL10 using anti-RPL10 antibody (A04190-3). RPL10 was detected in an immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme antige
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147403-RPL10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_3157484
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147403-RPL10/tissue/colon#imid_3157418
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147403-RPL10/tissue/liver#imid_3157419
HPA · PancreasHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Pancreas. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000147403-RPL10/tissue/pancreas#imid_3156130
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody CAB010339; green = RPL10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody CAB010339; green = RPL10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for RPL10 IHC & IF
🧪Run adrenal gland first and expect glandular cells to stain (HPA: High in adrenal gland glandular cells). HPA detects RPL10 in all 45 scored tissues, so there is no HPA-supported negative tissue; use no-primary and isotype controls, and do not assume that any cell population on the positive slide should be unstained (HPA: detected in all 45 scored tissues).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: RPL10 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show RPL10 in MCF-7, U2OS, A-431, U-251MG, HeLa BAC 3296, HeLa , with annotated localisation: Endoplasmic reticulum (enhanced), Cytosol (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only section, a species- and isotype-matched rabbit immunoglobulin control, and RPL10 knockout material or a cognate-peptide block as a biological specificity control (selected A04190-3 caption: rabbit primary antibody). Block endogenous peroxidase and check the adrenal section for residual background in the no-primary control (selected A04190-3 caption: HRP and DAB detection; HPA: High in adrenal gland glandular cells).
⚠️Feasibility: No supplied source reports an RPL10-specific fixation window or fixation effect, and the selected A04190-3 paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative (selected A04190-3 caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish whether retrieval is required for RPL10 detection (selected A04190-3 caption: EDTA heat retrieval). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier; for adrenal IHC, check for tissue background with the no-primary control (HPA: High in adrenal gland glandular cells; selected A04190-3 caption: HRP and DAB detection).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for RPL10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Caution, targets protein from more than one gene.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Endocrine cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: RPL10 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced RPL10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot RPL10 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, processing, compartment, controls and scoring before interpreting differences between samples.
How should I troubleshoot weak RPL10 staining after antigen retrieval?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A04190-3). The documented image used 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, so hold those conditions constant while assessing retrieval (datasheet A04190-3). If signal remains weak, compare heat exposure on adjacent sections and inspect tissue morphology after each run (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary control and sections processed together to distinguish inadequate retrieval from a detection failure (standard IHC practice). Expect predominantly granular cytoplasmic staining when the assay works (HPA tissue IHC).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven RPL10 staining?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative, and target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet A04190-3). Record each specimen's fixative, fixation duration and processing history before comparing staining across cases (standard IHC practice). If a weak section has acceptable morphology, stain a control section from the same processing batch and review retrieval and detection in parallel (standard IHC practice). Compare a consistent cytoplasmic staining pattern across similarly handled sections, rather than attributing every intensity difference to fixation (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Avoid treating the documented paraffin image as evidence for a particular fixation condition (datasheet A04190-3).
Where should convincing RPL10 staining appear in chromogenic IHC?
Look primarily for granular cytoplasmic staining, the reported tissue pattern for RPL10 (HPA tissue IHC). RPL10 is a component of the large ribosomal subunit and has no annotated transmembrane segment, so a purely sharp cell-surface outline needs scrutiny (UniProt P27635). Its reported cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum locations provide context for cytoplasmic signal, although those observations come from subcellular imaging (HPA subcellular). Compare signal with cell morphology and an adjacent no-primary control before assigning a compartment (standard IHC practice). If staining is confined to nuclei, section edges or damaged tissue, review background and section quality before scoring it as RPL10 (standard IHC practice).
How can epitope uncertainty affect RPL10 IHC interpretation?
The supplied record lists no isoforms, so these data do not support an isoform-specific interpretation of the stain (UniProt P27635). RPL10 has an annotated citrulline at residue 32, but the supplied antibody information does not map its epitope or establish modification sensitivity (UniProt P27635; datasheet A04190-3). Treat changes after retrieval or processing as assay observations until specificity is checked using appropriate controls (standard IHC practice). Include the same control section across runs and compare the expected cytoplasmic pattern, rather than assigning altered staining to citrullination (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Tissue-profile annotations also caution that the antibody signal may include proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
What should I check when comparing RPL10 IHC with multiplex IF?
Use IF as a separate assay and check whether its RPL10 signal matches the cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum pattern reported by subcellular imaging (HPA subcellular). Pair RPL10 with a validated marker for the cell population being examined, using distinguishable fluorophores and single-stain controls to assess bleed-through (standard IF practice). Select emission channels after checking the specimen's autofluorescence, particularly when weak cytoplasmic signal is expected (standard IF practice). Because RPL10 lacks an annotated transmembrane segment, assess permeabilisation for access to intracellular epitopes while preserving morphology (UniProt P27635; standard IF practice). Do not transfer the paraffin-section retrieval conditions to IF without testing them for that preparation (datasheet A04190-3; standard IF practice).
How can I reduce diffuse or misleading RPL10 IHC background?
Start with a no-primary control and examine whether color also appears in damaged areas, edges or compartments lacking the expected granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). The documented section used 10% goat serum before primary incubation, 2 μg/ml antibody overnight at 4°C, and peroxidase-based DAB detection (datasheet A04190-3). For excess color, check blocking, washing and primary concentration on adjacent sections while holding the DAB development endpoint consistent (standard IHC practice). Include a peroxidase-blocking step when using chromogenic detection, and inspect the no-primary control for endogenous enzyme signal (standard IHC practice). Evaluate improved contrast against retained cytoplasmic staining, rather than against background reduction alone (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
How should I score RPL10 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and score cytoplasmic signal, matching the reported granular tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). For intensity differences, use an H-score based on the percentage of cells at each intensity; for simpler comparisons, report percentage positive cells using a fixed threshold (standard IHC practice). If measuring stained-cell density, report cells per mm² of viable tissue and exclude empty or necrotic regions by a consistent rule (standard IHC practice). Normalize each measure to the relevant cell count or viable area, and keep retrieval, imaging and DAB development consistent across batches (standard IHC practice). Record the threshold and compartment before reviewing case groups to limit scoring drift (standard IHC practice).
When is an apparent RPL10-positive cell likely to be artefactual?
Convincing signal follows the reported granular cytoplasmic pattern and is interpreted within identifiable cells (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Be cautious with isolated nuclear staining or a crisp membrane rim, because RPL10 is cytoplasmic and has no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt P27635). Check strong staining at section edges or in necrotic tissue against morphology and a no-primary control before calling cells positive (standard IHC practice). Peroxidase-related color in that control points to a detection artefact requiring review of enzyme blocking and development (standard IHC practice). Even plausible staining is not definitive proof of RPL10 specificity, because the tissue profile cautions that the antibody may recognize proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best RPL10 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 IHC Antibodies
The IHC-validated antibody A04190-3 has IHC images from paraffin-embedded human gall bladder adenosquamous carcinoma and mouse and rat brain, plus an IF image from MCF-7 cells (A04190-3 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-RPL10 Antibody ®
Cat # A04190-3
A04190-3 is shown in paraffin-embedded human gall bladder adenosquamous carcinoma and mouse and rat brain sections (A04190-3 IHC image captions). A04190-3 is also shown by IF in MCF-7 cells (A04190-3 IF image caption).
Which to pick: Choose A04190-3 for paraffin-section IHC; its IHC captions show staining in human, mouse and rat tissue, while the fixative is unreported (A04190-3 IHC image captions). Choose the same SKU for IF/ICC based on its listed applications and MCF-7 IF image (catalog applications; A04190-3 IF image caption). Its listed reactivity covers human, mouse and rat; clonality is unreported (catalog reactivity; catalog clone field).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P27635 (RL10_HUMAN, Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16).
- Human Protein Atlas. RPL10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. RPL10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. RPL10 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Biological Function of Ribosomal Protein L10 on Cell Behavior in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Journal of Cancer 2018 — PMC5858496.
- Identification of metastasis-associated exoDEPs in colorectal cancer using label-free proteomics. Translational oncology 2022 — PMC8927999.
- An integrated transcriptomic analysis unveils the regulatory roles of RNA binding proteins during human spermatogenesis. Frontiers in endocrinology 2025 — PMC11872710.
- PubMed PMID:1658743 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:1303197 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:1339145 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for RPL10 (Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04190-3). Validated IHC antibody: A04190-3 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human gall bladder adenosquamous carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified…; 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04190-3); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A04190-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A04190-3); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-RPL10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A04190-3); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04190-3). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining may reflect products of more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 2–214 (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulation annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P27635, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol., Datasheet A04190-3, PMC5858496, PMC8927999. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/RPL10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.