SEPTIN2 / Septin-2 · IHC design guide

Design Immunohistochemistry for SEPTIN2

Plan SEPTIN2 paraffin IHC around widespread cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC). Compare high-staining glial and glomerular cells with cell types lacking detectable staining, and score signal by cell type (HPA tissue IHC).

Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for SEPTIN2 (IHC for SEPTIN2): expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC), antibody A34007, validated IHC image, and IHC protocol steps
Printable SEPTIN2 IHC protocol sheet — expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC), antibody A34007, controls and protocol steps. Open the full SEPTIN2 IHC guide →

SEPTIN2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide

Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.

Must know before staining
Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC)
Staining pattern Widespread cytoplasmic staining; intensity varies by cell type (HPA tissue IHC)
Antigen retrieval EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A34007)
Positive control ⓘ Caudate+4 more · see all
Negative control ⓘ Adipose tissue+2 more · see all
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
Fixation Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A34007)
Caveat Some cell types lack detectable staining despite the broad profile (HPA tissue IHC)
Regulation Widely expressed; intensity regulation is unreported (UniProt)
Isoform / epitope 3 isoforms; verify epitope coverage across variants (UniProt)
Section 1

Recommended SEPTIN2 IHC & IF Protocols

The catalog antibody protocol uses EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval (datasheet A34007). The published glioma IHC protocol below uses citrate retrieval (PMC5938713).

Recommended immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) protocol parameters
SampleParaffin-embedded human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A34007)
FixationImage fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A34007); verify before use.
Sectioning4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard)
DeparaffinisationXylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard)
Antigen retrievalHeat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A34007); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard)
Peroxidase block3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard)
Blocking10% goat serum (datasheet A34007)
Primary antibodyRabbit anti-SEPTIN2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A34007)
Primary incubationOvernight at 4 °C (datasheet A34007)
DetectionHRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A34007)
CounterstainHematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard)
Expected resultSEPTIN2-positive staining in glial cells of caudate (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control.
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet A34007); compare citrate pH 6.0 on matched sections if optimization is needed (PMC5938713).
Section 2

What Is the Expected SEPTIN2 Staining Pattern?

SEPTIN2 is a non-transmembrane cytoskeletal protein (UniProt Q15019 topology/subcellular). In paraffin-section IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining across many tissues (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression; reliability Supported, with medium consistency between staining and RNA). High staining is reported in glial cells, glomerular cells and Sertoli cells (HPA: High in each); interpret staining at the cell level because adjacent cell populations can differ (HPA: tissue IHC).

What am I looking at on my slide?
Cytoplasmic staining in glial cells, glomerular cells or Sertoli cells, with other cells less conspicuous.This fits the reported tissue pattern: each named population is High, while the overall profile is ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare cells within the section instead of expecting every cell to have equal intensity; HPA rates particular cell populations, and its IHC reliability is Supported with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC).
Strong, uniform nuclear staining in nondividing cells, or staining confined to extracellular material.Treat this as a compartment mismatch requiring controls: the tissue IHC profile is cytoplasmic and SEPTIN2 has no transmembrane segment (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15019 topology). Avoid rejecting every chromosome-associated signal, because UniProt places SEPTIN2 near kinetochores in metaphase cells (UniProt Q15019 subcellular).
Prominent signal in adipocytes, cholangiocytes or skeletal myocytes, especially with little staining in a reported positive population.These specific populations are Not detected in the HPA images, so investigate cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogen activity (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). The HPA calls apply to those cells, not to all cells in adipose tissue, liver or skeletal muscle; UniProt separately reports expression in liver (UniProt Q15019 tissue specificity).
Diffuse color over extracellular spaces, tissue edges or many unrelated cell compartments.This is less persuasive than cell-associated cytoplasmic staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Check a no-primary control for detection background and inspect blocking, washes and chromogen development (general IHC practice). Diffuse cytoplasmic signal alone is not disqualifying, because the HPA tissue profile describes ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression (HPA: tissue IHC).
No cytoplasmic signal in a section containing glial cells, glomerular cells or Sertoli cells.A failed stain is plausible because these are High populations in HPA tissue IHC (HPA: High in each). Check tissue identity and preservation, antibody suitability for IHC, retrieval and detection controls before calling the specimen negative (general IHC practice). HPA's Supported rating has medium staining–RNA consistency, so one discrepant section does not establish absent SEPTIN2 (HPA: tissue IHC).
💡Expected SEPTIN2 appearanceA convincing positive is cell-associated cytoplasmic chromogen, strongest in reported High glial, glomerular or Sertoli cells (HPA: tissue IHC); dominant extracellular color or uniform nuclear color in nondividing cells warrants an artefact check (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15019 subcellular; general IHC practice).
How each factor affects the staining
Cell population and tissue selection (HPA: tissue IHC).HPA reports High glial, glomerular and Sertoli cells, but Not detected adipocytes, cholangiocytes and skeletal myocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Select a known-positive population as an internal comparison; a negative call for one cell type must not be extended to its entire tissue (HPA: tissue IHC).
Subcellular structures and cell-cycle state (UniProt Q15019 subcellular).SEPTIN2 occurs in cytoskeleton, cortex, spindle, cleavage furrow and midbody; mitotic cells may show a concentrated pattern (UniProt Q15019 subcellular). Judge unusual focal staining against cell morphology before applying the broad HPA cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC).
Antibody evidence and isoforms (HPA: antibodies; UniProt Q15019 isoforms).HPA lists IHC as Supported for HPA018481 and CAB017190, while it gives no IHC status for HPA063623 (HPA: antibodies). UniProt lists three isoforms; the supplied record does not map antibody epitopes to isoforms, so isoform-specific staining cannot be predicted (UniProt Q15019 isoforms; HPA: antibodies).
IF/ICC Q&A: where should SEPTIN2 appear? (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF).Mainly on actin filaments; microtubules, cytokinetic bridge and primary cilium are additional Supported locations (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). Plasma membrane is Uncertain, while principal piece and annulus are Approved (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). These ICC-IF calls aid localization checks but are not an IHC protocol (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF).
Retrieval and detection conditions (general IHC practice).For an unexpected result, verify the selected retrieval and detection steps against the antibody's IHC instructions and control sections (general IHC practice). Neither HPA tissue staining nor the supplied UniProt record establishes SEPTIN2-specific fixation sensitivity or an optimal retrieval condition (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15019).
Why is my staining missing, weak or wrong?
SituationLikely causeNext action
No signal in a reported High cell population (HPA: tissue IHC).Tissue or staining run may have failed; an absent signal alone cannot identify which step failed (general IHC practice).Confirm the cell population, run a positive control and inspect antibody IHC suitability, retrieval and detection steps (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
Signal is mainly nuclear in nondividing cells (HPA: tissue IHC).Nonspecific staining is possible because HPA's tissue profile is cytoplasmic; mitotic kinetochore localization is a separate UniProt observation (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15019 subcellular).Review cell morphology and a no-primary control, then reassess the antibody and detection conditions (general IHC practice).
Adipocytes, cholangiocytes or skeletal myocytes stain prominently (HPA: Not detected in each).Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible; HPA's negative calls are cell-specific (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice).Inspect a no-primary control and compare with a reported High cell population in the same run (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
Diffuse extracellular or edge staining obscures cells (HPA: cytoplasmic tissue profile).Background from blocking, washing or chromogen development is possible (general IHC practice).Check a no-primary control; review blocking, washes and development while preserving a known-positive control (general IHC practice).
Staining differs across cell types within one tissue (HPA: tissue IHC).This can reflect the HPA cell-level pattern rather than a failed section; its IHC reliability is Supported with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC).Score each identified cell population separately and compare the observed compartment and intensity with its HPA call (HPA: tissue IHC).
A cilium, bridge or spindle shows focal signal (UniProt Q15019 subcellular; HPA: subcellular ICC-IF).These can be legitimate SEPTIN2 locations; their visibility depends on whether the relevant structure is present in the cells examined (UniProt Q15019 subcellular; HPA: subcellular ICC-IF).Check morphology and cytoplasmic staining in reported positive cells before labeling a focal structure artefactual (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15019 subcellular; general IHC practice).

Sample controls for SEPTIN2 IHC & IF

🧪Run kidney first: cells in glomeruli should stain (HPA: High in cells in glomeruli). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the kidney slide, neighboring cells without specific DAB staining can serve as background comparators, but their SEPTIN2-negative status is unverified (HPA: only glomerular cells are classified High).
Positive control tissue: Caudate (Glial cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show SEPTIN2 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, Rh30, RT-4, ASC52telo, RPTEC/TERT1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), Sperm, with annotated localisation: Actin filaments (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control, a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control with matched clonality where known, and SEPTIN2-knockout tissue if available as a biological negative (caption: rabbit primary antibody; standard IHC controls). Quench endogenous peroxidase in kidney sections and block endogenous biotin if using avidin–biotin detection (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: Paraffin-section IHC is demonstrated with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (A34007 caption: paraffin section and retrieval conditions). The selected A34007 tissue-IHC caption does not report a fixative, and no target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported (A34007 caption: fixative unreported). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen-section IF is easier; kidney endogenous peroxidase or biotin can complicate chromogenic detection (standard IHC practice).

HPA tissue IHC evidence for SEPTIN2

Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.

Positive expression · recommended positive controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Caudate Glial cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Cerebral cortex Glial cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Hippocampus Glial cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Kidney Cells in glomeruli High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Testis Sertoli cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →

Undetected expression · recommended negative controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Adipose tissue Adipocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Liver Cholangiocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Skeletal muscle Myocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Section 3

Advanced SEPTIN2 IHC Tips

Troubleshoot SEPTIN2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, cell identity and controls before comparing chromogenic signal across samples.

What should I change if SEPTIN2 staining is weak after antigen retrieval?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A34007). The illustrated A34007 stain used this retrieval before incubation with 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, so check that the staining sequence matches before changing retrieval conditions (A34007 IHC caption). If signal remains weak, compare a small retrieval time series while keeping section thickness, detection and imaging constant (standard IHC practice). Include a previously staining section in each run to distinguish retrieval failure from a broader reagent or detection problem (standard IHC practice). Avoid judging retrieval from one cell type alone because tissue expression varies by cell population (HPA tissue IHC).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven SEPTIN2 staining?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the A34007 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (A34007 IHC caption). Record the fixative, fixation duration and processing history for each specimen before attributing a staining difference to SEPTIN2 biology (standard IHC practice). Compare sections processed together, then test retrieval and antibody incubation under the same conditions across specimens (standard IHC practice; datasheet A34007). Uneven staining within a section can reflect differences in processing or reagent coverage, so inspect the tissue and repeat with even reagent application (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a fixation response from SEPTIN2's cytoplasmic localization or modified residues (UniProt Q15019).
Where should chromogenic SEPTIN2 signal appear in a convincing section?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in tissue sections, while checking whether the signal follows recognizable cell structures rather than covering the section uniformly (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). SEPTIN2 associates with cytoskeletal structures and can localize to the cell cortex, cleavage furrow and midbody, although these features may be difficult to resolve with chromogenic IHC (UniProt Q15019 subcellular). Strong nuclear-only staining would conflict with the reported dominant cytoplasmic pattern and warrants a detection-control check (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Compare the same cell population across adjacent sections, since cell composition changes the apparent pattern (standard IHC practice). Retain morphology and counterstain when reviewing fine localization (standard IHC practice).
Can an epitope or isoform difference explain discordant SEPTIN2 IHC results?
SEPTIN2 has 3 reported isoforms, but the supplied A34007 caption does not identify its recognized epitope (UniProt Q15019 isoforms; A34007 IHC caption). An isoform-specific interpretation therefore requires an antibody epitope map and evidence that the relevant sequence differs among isoforms (standard IHC practice). SEPTIN2 also has reported phosphorylation and acetylation sites; their effect on this antibody's binding is unknown from the supplied evidence (UniProt Q15019 modified residues; A34007 IHC caption). When comparing antibodies, keep retrieval, detection and the scored cell population consistent, then document each antibody's validation separately (standard IHC practice). Do not assign a chromogenic pattern to one isoform solely from its location (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve an ambiguous SEPTIN2 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a complementary localization check, with a validated marker for the expected cell type, such as glial cells in cerebral cortex (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore channel with low tissue autofluorescence, and inspect single-channel images before interpreting overlap in a multiplex panel (standard IF practice). SEPTIN2 lacks a transmembrane segment and is reported at cytoskeletal structures, so use permeabilisation appropriate for access to an intracellular epitope (UniProt Q15019 topology and subcellular). Compare SEPTIN2 with a relevant structural marker when assessing filaments or a cytokinetic bridge, using matched controls for bleed-through (HPA subcellular; standard IF practice). Keep IF localization conclusions separate from chromogenic intensity scores (standard IHC/IF practice).
How do I reduce diffuse brown background without losing SEPTIN2 signal?
First inspect a section processed without primary antibody to assess secondary-reagent and detection background (standard IHC practice). For the illustrated A34007 workflow, the section received 10% goat serum before 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (A34007 IHC caption). Maintain a peroxidase block and control DAB development time when using an HRP-based chromogenic workflow; these are general detection steps (standard IHC practice). If diffuse staining persists, compare a short primary-antibody concentration series while keeping retrieval and development fixed (standard IHC practice). Judge improvement against preserved cytoplasmic staining in an expected cell population, not against background reduction alone (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to quantify SEPTIN2 chromogenic staining? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored cell population and tissue area before measuring SEPTIN2, because tissue sections contain cell types with different reported staining levels (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). An H-score combines the percentage of cells at each intensity, whereas percentage-positive scoring records the fraction above a prespecified threshold (standard IHC practice). For a spatial question, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue and exclude empty space and necrotic regions by a documented rule (standard IHC practice). Normalize comparisons to the same cell type, viable area, staining batch and image settings (standard IHC practice). Record background and threshold choices so another reader can reproduce the score (standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish genuine SEPTIN2 staining from artefact?
A credible positive pattern is chiefly cytoplasmic and occurs in a plausible cell population, consistent with the tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC). Glial cells in cerebral cortex and cells in kidney glomeruli have reported high staining, while adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Review apparent nuclear-only signal, section-edge darkening and staining over necrotic material against the tissue morphology and a no-primary control (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If DAB signal persists without primary antibody, investigate endogenous peroxidase and detection-reagent background before scoring SEPTIN2 (standard IHC practice). Interpret a negative cell cautiously because the HPA tissue staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents

Best SEPTIN2 / Septin-2 IHC Antibodies

SEPTIN2 antibodies include an IHC option with paraffin-section images from human colorectal adenocarcinoma and mouse and rat brain, plus IF images from SiHa cells and tissue sections (A34007 image captions).

Real IHC data IHC analysis of Septin 2/SEPTIN2 using anti-Septin 2/SEPTIN2 antibody (A34007). Septin 2/SEPTIN2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2 μg/ml rabbit anti-Septin 2/SEPTIN2 Antibody (A34007) overnight at 4°C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Catalog # SV0002) with DAB as the chromogen.
Anti-Septin 2/SEPTIN2 Antibody ®
Cat # A34007

A34007 has IHC images from human colorectal adenocarcinoma and mouse and rat brain paraffin sections, and IF images from SiHa cells, human endometrial cancer, and mouse and rat brain (A34007 image captions). M34007 lists IHC and ICC/IF applications for human, mouse, and rat, but has no IHC or IF images in the payload (M34007 catalog).

Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A34007 when a matching paraffin-section example matters: its own captions document heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 2 μg/ml; the fixative is unreported (A34007 IHC image captions). For IF/ICC, A34007 has images from SiHa cells and tissue sections at 5 μg/ml, while M34007 is a rabbit monoclonal, clone 18S62, listed for ICC/IF without images (A34007 IF image captions; M34007 catalog). For IHC across human, mouse, and rat, A34007 has an image in each species; M34007 lists reactivity in all three but has no IHC image in the payload (A34007 IHC image captions; M34007 catalog).

Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.

References

  1. UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q15019 (SEPT2_HUMAN, Septin-2).
  2. Human Protein Atlas. SEPTIN2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
  3. Human Protein Atlas. SEPTIN2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the actin filaments. In addition localized to the plasma membrane, microtubules, cytokinetic bridge, primary cilium, principal piece and annulus..
  4. Human Protein Atlas. SEPTIN2 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
  5. SEPTIN2 and STATHMIN Regulate CD99-Mediated Cellular Differentiation in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. PloS one 2015 — PMC4441373.
  6. Coupling function of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and Septin2 in the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer science 2019 — PMC6361569.
  7. Repression of Septin9 and Septin2 suppresses tumor growth of human glioblastoma cells. Cell death & disease 2018 — PMC5938713.
  8. Hypoxia exposure impairs male fertility via inhibiting Septin2-mediated spermatogonial proliferation. Human reproduction open 2025 — PMC12145212.
  9. PubMed PMID:8590280 — UniProt-cited evidence.
  10. PubMed PMID:8697812 — UniProt-cited evidence.
  11. PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.