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- Table of Contents
Facts about Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21.
Regulates gene expression through histone H2A deubiquitination (By similarity). Also capable of removing NEDD8 from NEDD8 conjugates but has no impact on Sentrin-1 conjugates (PubMed:10799498).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | USP21 |
Uniprot: | Q9UK80 |
Entrez: | 27005 |
Belongs to: |
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peptidase C19 family |
Deubiquitinating enzyme 21; EC 3.1.2.15; EC 3.4.19.12; MGC3394; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21; ubiquitin specific peptidase 21; ubiquitin specific protease 21; ubiquitin thioesterase 21; Ubiquitin thiolesterase 21; ubiquitin-specific processing protease 21; ubiquitin-specific protease 16; Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 21; USP16; USP23NEDD8-specific protease
Mass (kDA):
62.656 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 1q23.3 |
Sequence: | 1; NC_000001.11 (161159487..161165752) |
Highly expressed in heart, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Also expressed in brain, placenta, liver and kidney, and at very low level in lung.
Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
You've likely come across the BosterBio Anti-USP21 Antibody PicobandTM if you're looking for antibodies for USP21 Marker. What is this product? How does Boster validate antibodies to USP21 What are the USP21 antibody applications? These are the questions we'll cover in this article. Continue reading to learn more about Boster’s validation process for USP21 antibodies.
The Chinese term for this product is 'Jiu Jin Shan Di'. This product can also be called the Mei Zhong Chan Pin Jun, or Sui Shi Huan. This product can be used to detect USP21 protein in a variety tissues and cells. Boster Bio makes it. Boster Bio Anti-USP21 Antibody picoband(tm), is also available in a variety form.
The company produces research antibodies and ELISA kit kits for the detection biomarkers in neuroscience, cancer, and developmental biology. Their antibodies are sensitive at picogram level and have many uses. Boster Bio Anti-USP21 Antibody Picoband(tm) is available through tebu-bio. This product is used for biochemical analysis and is available at a range of price points.
Boster Bio, a quality-conscious manufacturer is committed to validating antibodies against WB, IHC and IC. This includes performing titration ELISAs for each test-bleed after an animal is immunized. The spleen cells containing the best responders to hybridoma fusion are harvested and the positive supernatants are screened with ELISA. The positive supernatants of the ELISA titration test are subjected a limiting dilution subcloning process until all wells become equal. After selecting the most precise antibodies, further application testing takes place.
The Anti-ARSK/Arylsulfatase K antibody from Boster Bio is a high-quality human IHC-compatible antibody. It reacts to Human and can keep at -20degC for a year. Boster Bio sells blocking protein. Prices for blocking peptide vary depending on the immunogen length. The Boster Bio Anti-ARSK/Arylsulfatase K antibody is valid for IHC, WB, and ICC.
Boster Bio has validated antibodies on WB, IHC and EC. This allows researchers to use these tests to diagnose and treat disease. Independent laboratories have rated Boster Bio antibodies to ensure they are of high quality and can detect a variety cellular targets.
The immunofluorescence technique is used to identify the target. This technique determines whether antibodies can detect a target. The results of a test may be useful for the diagnosis of disease. The test results may not be valid if the target is not present. Boster Bio antibodies are highly specific and sensitive, making them the best choice in WB, IHC and ICC applications.
USP21 is an ubiquitin-specific protease that controls transcription initiation by deubiquitinating H2A. Its deubiquitinase activities have made it an attractive therapeutic target in mCRC with high Fra-1 expression. Its expression was correlated with survival rates, suggesting that it could be used in cancer diagnosis.
USP21 regulates MAPK1 and GATA3. This promotes regulation of regulatory T-cells. Thus, USP21 knockdown can help target cancer cells and block immune checkpoints. To prevent cancer, USP21 knockdown can be used in combination with immune-checkpoint blockers. USP21 is currently being studied in combination with other methods, such as molecular and genetic cloning.
USP21 is a central member of the C19 peptidase family and is involved in several physiologic processes. It has been shown to decrease the likelihood of primary cilium formation and interfere with the recovery microtubule array after cold treatment. USP21 knockdown can also inhibit nerve growth factor-induced neurorite outgrowth. These effects were observed in cell lines. However, further research will be required to determine if USP21 plays an important role in the regulation and development of cells.
To determine whether USP21 expression is regulated by the cyclin B1 pathway, it was necessary to extract total proteins from GC cells in RIPA buffer (0.5 mM EDTA, 20 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0), and quantified with bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit. The protein was then separated using polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The protein was transferred onto PVDF membrane and incubated overnight with anti-USP21 and anti-GATA3 antibodies.
The USP21 marker has been shown to be linked with colon cancer metastasis. The increased expression of AP-1 may be associated with high USP21 levels found in tumors. USP21 expression is associated with higher survival rates among patients with colorectal and other forms of cancer. This marker may be a promising therapeutic target for patients with mCRC containing high Fra-1 levels. Below are details regarding the USP21 markers.
The USP21 marker, a transcription factor, regulates MAPK1 Expression. It functions through GATA3. The USP21 promoter influences cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as stemness. It is highly expressed in GC. USP21 is responsible for regulating the expression of other genes within GC. The GC grade is correlated with the USP21 levels. These proteins were cotransfected to better understand the role USP21 has in cancer progression.
USP21 may also be involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in breast carcinoma. This may be due in part to its sensitivity towards paclitaxel. USP21 is also important for cell stemness regulation. USP21 interacts in mice with Nanog, an essential component of embryonic and stem cell cells. USP21 stabilizes Nanog in mice and deubiquitinates K48 type linkages in mouse embryonic stemness. USP21, which is expressed in human hematopoietic cells, regulates the growth and development bone.
USP21 is being investigated for its role in controlling cell stemness and tumor development in GC cells. Its expression is linked to tumor volume and weight as well as the formation of cell-spheres. USP21 overexpression has been linked to a number of other CSC markers including CD44, CD133, GATA3, and MAPK1. This protein also plays a role in the regulation and growth of cell stemness in GC. These results give new insight into GC treatment.
The USP21 marker regulates a variety of proteins that are essential for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). E-cadherin, a-catenin, and E-cadherin are just a few of these proteins. Both markers are vital for determining the cellular behaviour of stem cells. In addition, USP21 also controls the stability of Nanog. USP21 plays an important role in maintaining stemness within mESCs.
A plasmid encoding USP21 was transfected into HCT116 cells to validate the marker. The cells were then treated with MG132 for 6 h. Total cell lysates were immunoblotted using the indicated antibodies. Before and after IP, the amount of ubiquitinated Fra-1 were quantified. To assess whether USP21 affected Fra-1 expression, the luciferase activity was measured before and after IP. As a loading control, bactin was also used.
USP21 is a key player in the malignant progression and development of GC. The USP21/GATA3/MAPK1 might be a novel target for treatment. The USP21/GATA3/MAPK1 axis regulates the expression of many cancer genes. The USP21/GATA3/MAPK1 might offer a novel therapeutic approach to fighting cancer by controlling these proteins.
USP21 gene expression levels are high in GC tissues. It has been shown to correlate with both life span and high-grade cancer. Further, USP21 has been shown to increase Fra-1 stability, inhibit AP-1 Activity, and increase the expression AP-1 target genes. This makes USP21 a promising therapeutic target in mCRC with high Fra-1 expression.
PMID: 10786635 by Smith T.S., et al. Sequencing, tissue distribution and chromosomal assignment of a novel ubiquitin-specific protease USP23.
PMID: 10799498 by Gong L., et al. Identification of a novel isopeptidase with dual specificity for ubiquitin- and NEDD8-conjugated proteins.