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- Table of Contents
Facts about Tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70.
Contributes also into the activation and development of primary B-lymphocytes. When antigen presenting cells (APC) trigger T-cell receptor (TCR), a serie of phosphorylations lead to the recruitment of ZAP70 into the doubly phosphorylated TCR component CD247/CD3Z through ITAM motif in the plasma membrane.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | ZAP70 |
Uniprot: | P43403 |
Entrez: | 7535 |
Belongs to: |
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protein kinase superfamily |
70 kDa zeta-associated protein; EC 2.7.10; EC 2.7.10.2; mrtle; mur; SRK; SRKFLJ17679; STD; STDFLJ17670; Syk-related tyrosine kinase; tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70; TZK; ZAP70; ZAP-70; zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase (70 kD); zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa; zeta-chain associated protein kinase, 70kD
Mass (kDA):
69.872 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 2q11.2 |
Sequence: | 2; NC_000002.12 (97712030..97744327) |
Expressed in T- and natural killer cells. Also present in early thymocytes and pro/pre B-cells.
Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. In quiescent T-lymphocytes, it is cytoplasmic. Upon TCR activation, it is recruited at the plasma membrane by interacting with CD247/CD3Z. Colocalizes together with RHOH in the immunological synapse. RHOH is required for its proper localization to the cell membrane and cytoskeleton fractions in the thymocytes (By similarity).
There are a variety of uses for the Boster Bio Anti-ZAP70 Antibody. It reacts with both human and Rat because of its monoclonal 11H40 composition. Its composition is 0.09% sodium azide and 50% Glycerol. This product blocks the recombinant human Zap70. The price is based on the length of the immunogen.
The Anti-ZAP70 Marker from Boster Bio reacts with Human ZAP70. It is made by immunization mice with a recombinant recombinant TCR. It may be necessary to use a blocking peptide to get the desired length of immunogen. This antibody is useful for immunofluorescence, flow cytometry as well as immunohistochemistry. Biocompare is the leading source for life science researchers across the globe.
ZAP-70 is a vital enzyme that is part of the protein tyrosine-kinase family. It plays a role in T cell development and activation. It is involved in TCR-mediated signal transduction and Src family kinases. It is a prognostic marker for B-CLL. This monoclonal antibody recognizes ZAP-70 in humans and mice.
The Anti-ZAP70 Marker Boster was validated with both negative and positive samples. The antibody is produced in a solution that should be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C. It is not recommended to freeze it. Quality control is done using intracellular flow cytometry and the True-Nuclear(tm) Transcription Factor Staining Protocol. The recommended dilution is 5 ul for every million cells in 100 ul of whole blood. This antibody can also be used for Western Blotting.
The ZAP70 marker performs two distinct roles in the immune system. First, it plays a role in integrin-mediated control of actin and, secondly, plays catalytic roles during the immunological synapse. These functions require the presence the TCR and Zap70 in the immune system. It is also required to form an the immunological synapse. We describe the functions ZAP70 in our current study.
The crystal structure of ZAP-70 reveals the essential role of the linker-kinase-sandwichthat is responsible to maintain tandem SH2-docking and autoinhibition kinase activation. If this autoinhibitory component becomes unstable, ZAP70 is removed from the. These functions are crucial in T-cell responses and activation signalling pathways.
Other potential applications include reducing the toxicity of immunotherapies based on cells and controlling the activation of T cells. While most research has come from in vitro tests however, further studies are required to determine their full potential clinical use. Further research is needed to determine if ZAP70's modulation is effective in treating RA. It is important to remember that ZAP-70 modulation could help control cytotoxicity and T-cell activation but its exact function is not fully understood.
The ZAP70 gene provides instructions for a protein called zeta-chain-associated protein kinase (ZAP70), which is crucial for the activation of immune cells. T cells are able detect foreign substances and protect against infection. These cells can activate T cells that are cytotoxic to destroy the infected cells. ZAP70 also helps in the growth and maintenance of different types of T cells, including helper cells and cytotoxic cells.
A study was conducted to determine the validity of ZAP70's marker. The ZAP-70 marker was analyzed using the T/B method and the T-method. The results indicated that ZAP-70 positive status was associated with shorter time-to-treatment in patients with ZAP-70+ CLL as compared to patients with ZAP-70-CLL. The findings were confirmed by an independent study of 341 patients.
The ZAP-70 assay for methylation can be used to aid in clinical risk stratification and has excellent transferability to other laboratories. It also demonstrates strong agreement in methylation classification. The ZAP-70 methylation test may be used to determine the severity of patients with CLL with high methylation levels. While this biomarker does not seem to provide any prognostic value on its own, it can provide additional information to help physicians choose the best treatment for their patients.
ZAP70 expression levels were determined using flow cytometric data files derived from insect cell lines with ZAP70 expression. The results showed that the expression of ZAP70 is elevated in insect cells when the protein is affected. This study was also successful in identifying cancer cells that have high expression of ZAP70. It was also useful for the detection of rare genetic mutations that are not a factor on the patient's health.
The Flow cytometric analysis of ZAP-70-positive cells was performed at the Flow Cytometry Laboratory of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, following standard operating procedures. The ZAP-70 antigen is an intracytoplasmic antigen and must be permeabilized for detection. Fixation was accomplished using 4% paraformaldehyde , and Tween 20, 2% followed by permeabilization using the Intraprep kits reagent. Permeabilization was performed and cells were washed with phosphate-buffered solution.
The ZAP70 Marker has applications that extend beyond cancer immunotherapy. ZAP-70's modulation is demonstrated to regulate T cell activation as well as to reduce the toxicities associated with immunotherapies using cells. These applications are founded on in vitro evidence. Further in vivo studies are required to evaluate their potential in clinic. Regardless of the method of application, the advantages of targeting ZAP-70 for cancer immunotherapy are substantial.
In the laboratory for clinical diagnostics, ZAP70 expression is measured by DNA microarray or quantitative RT-PCR tests. These techniques are widely used to measure the HIV-1 virus's load. This method requires the purification of leukemic cell and only a small amount. Rapid magnetic purification of CD19+ cells can be done in the clinical laboratory. The latter option is the most promising. The method employs ZAP-70 levels to analyze samples of patients with a validated, standardized kit.
A similar study was conducted using an alternative method to measure ZAP-70 expression. Both methods were carried out using the T-method , and the T/B Ratio method. The lower panels show the C index curves applied to ZAP70 expressions. These C index curves can be used to determine the most effective cut-off value. The ZAP70 expression values are displayed by the two axes x and y, respectively. The solid lines indicate the cut-off.
The security of the ZAP70 Marker has become the topic of much controversy within the scientific community. The protein is a key part of the adaptive immune response. It is involved in the development and differentiation of T-cells, as well as the development of B lymphocytes that are primary. T-cells that are activated react to antigens by attracting ZAP70. This helps to break its autoinhibited conformation, and phosphorylates key adapter proteins.
Several researchers have suggested that the ZAP70 Marker may improve the cellular fitness of cancer cells. It may also facilitate interaction between malignant cells and their microenvironment. ZAP-70 plays a significant role in the immune system. However more research is required to establish its precise role in human cancer. This protein could have additional uses in addition to its role in cancer treatment.
One study evaluated the safety of ZAP 70 by determining the presence of the protein in CLL cells. This study examined peripheral blood samples as well as T-cell cells from 17 patients with CLL. It also included healthy subjects. Western analysis of ZAP-70 expression was carried out on these cells and showed only a weak signal. This confirmed the low expression of ZAP-70 in the CLL cells, and further eliminated any possibility of interaction with drugs.
Anti-ZAP70 antibody is a monoclonal antigen that is specifically for the leukemia marker ZAP70. It has been tested in IHC applications and is available in boster bio reagents. Boster Bio Anti-ZAP70 is prepared in 1mM of PBS containing 0.05% BSA or without BSA. If it is positive reaction, blocking peptides are available to purchase. All Boster Bio antibodies are validated using known positive and negative samples.
Research has shown that ZAP-70 expression boosts the cellular fitness of cancer cells. In addition, it helps to promote a tumor-supportive microenvironment and may modulate the expression of chemokines from T-cells. Therefore, ZAP-70's expression in tumors can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. There are many concerns about the most effective use of ZAP-70 in the clinic.
PMID: 1423621 by Chan A.C., et al. ZAP-70: a 70 kd protein-tyrosine kinase that associates with the TCR zeta chain.
PMID: 14985102 by Kuroyama H., et al. Identification of a novel isoform of ZAP-70, truncated ZAP kinase.