ANGPTL2 Antibodies

Angiopoietin-related protein 2 (ANGPTL2)

Induces sprouting in endothelial cells through an autocrine and paracrine action. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	ANGPTL2
Uniprot:	Q9UKU9
Entrez:	23452

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

angiopoietin-like 2; Angiopoietin-like Protein 2; angiopoietin-related protein 2; ANGPTL2; ANGRP2; ARP2HARP; MGC8889

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
57.104 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	9q33.3
Sequence:	9; NC_000009.12 (127087348..127122684, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed in heart, small intestine, spleen and stomach. Also found in lower levels in colon, ovary, adrenal gland, skeletal muscle and in prostate.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Inflammation
• Obesity
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Metabolic Diseases
• Insulin Resistance
• Chronic Inflammation
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Pathologic Neovascularization
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Hypertensive Disease
• Neoplasm Metastasis

• Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin-dependent
• Sarcoma
• Tissue Adhesions
• Corneal Diseases
• Endometrial Polyp
• Carcinogenesis
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

Interacting Proteins

• LILRB2

Pathways

• Angiogenesis
• Pathogenesis
• Chemotaxis
• Cell Proliferation
• Glycosylation
• Methylation
• Cell Adhesion
• Transport
• Cell Migration
• Immune Response
• Lymphangiogenesis
• Glucose Homeostasis
• Reverse Transcription

• Cell Cycle
• Invasive Growth
• Receptor Recycling
• Regulation Of Blood Pressure
• Parturition
• Dna Methylation
• Somitogenesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Glycosylation

• Methylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ANGPTL2

Best Uses Of The ANGPTL2 Marker

The ANGPTL2 marker is a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes angiogenesis. Evidence is growing that this marker may have specific disease-specific applications. Its clinical value should not necessarily be taken as a given. A clinical trial is required to confirm its validity. This marker can be used in certain applications and should be considered when combined with other biomarkers.

ANGPTL2 (transmembrane Glyprotein)

The role of ANGPTL2 remains largely unknown. ANGPTL2 is expressed in many niche cells, but it is only found in abundance in BMECs. It is not clear if ANGPTL2 may affect the prohematopoietic activities of other niche cells. Rather, it is thought to interact with a protein called CD146,10, which is expressed by subsets of stromal cells. This molecule may be the key to hematopoietic recoveries. This may allow you to separate angiocrine factors into different functions.

Recent research found that ANGPTL2 expression in adipose tissue can lead to local inflammation and systemic resistance to insulin. Overexpression of ANGPTL2 in adenovirus promotes adipocyte formation and polarization towards the proinflammatory type M1. Although ANGPTL2 is important in adipocyte inflammation, little is known regarding its expression in adipose. Most studies on humans have focused only on serum ANGPTL2 concentrations rather than measuring its level in adipose.

AngPTL2 acts in the suppression of ovarian cancer, and in support of metastasis from other types. It is also a growth factor that enhances hematopoietic progenitors, and is considered a biomarker for tumor progression. Its receptor has been identified as LILRB2 (requiring a fibrinogen-like domain).

A study found that ANGPTL2 levels were significantly higher among obese patients than in normal-weight patients and positively correlated with metabolic parameters such as glucose, LDL cholesterol, insulin, triglyceride and VSR. These findings were confirmed through the measurement of ANGPTL2 in a subset obese patients. These findings suggest that this transmembrane-protein may play an important role for the regulation of insulin and adipose function as well as weight loss.

It promotes angiogenesis

The progression of GC tumours has been associated with the ANGPTL2 gene. It regulates angiogenesis. An increase in ANGPTL2 expression was linked to the T-stage, large tumor sizes, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. This may indicate early postoperative recurrence. Further, high cytoplasmic ANGPTL2 expression was associated with poor prognosis.

ANGPTL2 expression has been linked with a variety of conditions, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, Angptl2 activation in excess can lead to inflammation and the development or metabolic diseases. Furthermore, ANGPTL2 is associated with angiopoietin, which is the only growth factor used by the vascular endothelium.

It is well-known that ANGPTL2 expression is controlled by upstream signaling pathways. This includes the transforming growth factor b pathway. However, it also exerts tumor-suppressive and invasive/metastatic activity by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This is reflected in low xenograft mortality in tumors.

AML development depends on the ANGPTL2 genes. AngPTL2-SEVs are released by ECs under the control of the gene VPS33B. The ANGPTL2 protein plays a key role in maintaining primary human AML cell lines. Its expression in the cancer cell niche is essential for the maintenance and growth of leukemogenesis. Targeting the angPTL2 gene expression within ECs could be a novel way to interfere with certain types AML.

Patients with GC have a high level of ANGPTL2 which can be used to stratify their risk. A high ANGPTL2 concentration can indicate poor prognosis. It can be included in routine biochemical marker panels. Although a specific upper limit has not been established for serum ANGPTL2, a concentration of one to three ng/ml is normal. A rise in ANGPTL2 levels in the bloodstream can be linked to chronic diseases.

It is not a particular disease biomarker.

There are many ways of categorizing biomarkers. Biomarkers that measure external physiological processes are known as biopharmaceutical markers. All biomarkers may not be of equal quality. BMI is one example of an obesity biomarker that has been controversial. BMI measures body fat and can misclassify obese individuals, even if there are other risk factors.

It is not a reliable indicator of prognosis.

There are many tests that can be used in healthcare to diagnose, prognosis and predict. Diagnosis describes a patient's current state and the outcome. Prognosis describes a patient’s chances of achieving a specific outcome. Studies of prediction and prognosis are always longitudinal and rely on repeated observations. There are two types of prognostic test.

Observations can be considered longitudinal, so they are less reliable than prognosis. These statistics are based on large numbers of patients, and do not reflect individual outcomes. Different people respond to treatment differently, and new treatments can take many years to have a positive impact. These studies may not provide accurate predictions or prognosis for all patients. Diagnostic accuracy studies are also subject to the same limitations.