This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
APOC3 / Apolipoprotein C-III · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for APOC3
Plan chromogenic APOC3 IHC on paraffin sections with the IHC-validated antibody (datasheet M01416). Compare cellular staining with plasma positivity and extracellular deposits, and use consistent fixation and controls to interpret the pattern (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
APOC3 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Plasma and extracellular deposits (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Plasma/deposits; enterocytes and Paneth cells high, hepatocytes medium (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M01416) | |
| Positive control | Duodenum+2 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Secreted APOC3 may stain away from its source cells (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Staining regulation is not established (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 21–99 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended APOC3 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval (datasheet M01416). The published APOC3 IHC protocols below cover liver, ovarian, aortic sinus and arterial arch sections (PMCs: 13113833, 10493025, 11383354, 13080510).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human melanoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M01416) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M01416); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M01416); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M01416) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone 17A47) anti-APOC3, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet M01416) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M01416) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M01416) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | APOC3-positive staining in enterocytes of duodenum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Plasma positivity and extracellular deposits. Expressed in hepatocytes and small intestines. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet M01416). For ovarian sections, a published protocol used microwave citrate pH 6.0 (PMC10493025).
Section 2
What Is the Expected APOC3 Staining Pattern?
APOC3 is a secreted protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt P02656 topology). In paraffin section IHC, expect staining associated with hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, plus plasma positivity or extracellular deposits (HPA tissue IHC profile). HPA reports high staining in duodenal enterocytes and small intestinal Paneth cells, and medium staining in hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Tissue IHC reliability is Supported (HPA tissue IHC).
| Enterocytes or Paneth cells stain strongly; hepatocytes stain more moderately, with plasma or extracellular staining (HPA tissue IHC). | This matches the reported tissue pattern: high in duodenal enterocytes and small intestinal Paneth cells, medium in hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Plasma positivity and extracellular deposits also fit a secreted protein (HPA tissue IHC profile; UniProt P02656 subcellular location). Score cell-associated and extracellular signal separately when comparing sections (general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei stain in a paraffin section, without the expected cellular or extracellular pattern (HPA tissue IHC profile). | Treat isolated nuclear IHC as discordant with the reported plasma and extracellular tissue pattern and secreted location (HPA tissue IHC profile; UniProt P02656 subcellular location). HPA separately reports nucleoplasm, nucleoli and cell junctions in ICC-IF, so nuclear staining alone cannot prove an artefact; verify the IHC signal with controls and an independently validated antibody (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; general IHC practice). |
| Strong chromogen appears in adipocytes, adrenal glandular cells or respiratory epithelium (HPA tissue IHC negatives). | These listed cell types were not detected in HPA tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). If they stain while appropriate positive tissue also stains, consider antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity as general IHC possibilities. Check a no-primary control and compare staining with the expected positive cell types (general IHC practice). |
| Broad haze covers many compartments and obscures cell boundaries or extracellular deposits (general IHC practice). | The result cannot be scored confidently against HPA’s cell-specific and extracellular profile (HPA tissue IHC profile; general IHC practice). Possible general IHC causes include insufficient blocking, concentrated primary antibody, inadequate washing or detection background. A no-primary control can identify signal arising from the detection system, but cannot establish antibody specificity (general IHC practice). |
| No signal appears in duodenal enterocytes, small intestinal Paneth cells or hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC positives). | A blank result in these reported positive cells makes a technical false negative plausible, especially when all tissue compartments are blank (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Check tissue integrity, primary antibody use, retrieval conditions and detection controls before concluding APOC3 is absent (general IHC practice). HPA’s Supported tissue rating does not guarantee staining in every specimen (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected APOC3 appearanceCall a positive result when cell-associated staining appears in duodenal enterocytes or small intestinal Paneth cells at high levels, or hepatocytes at medium levels, with possible plasma or extracellular deposits; isolated nuclear signal or strong staining in HPA-negative cell types warrants review (HPA tissue IHC profile; HPA subcellular ICC-IF).
| Secretion and processing (UniProt P02656 topology and processing) | APOC3 has a signal peptide at residues 1–20, a mature chain at 21–99, and no transmembrane segment (UniProt P02656). Secreted material can therefore contribute to plasma or extracellular staining alongside positive cells (UniProt P02656 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC profile). |
| Tissue source versus deposited protein (UniProt P02656; HPA tissue IHC) | UniProt lists liver tissue specificity, while HPA reports positive intestinal cells and extracellular deposits (UniProt P02656 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC). Tissue staining alone does not establish which local cell made extracellular APOC3 (HPA tissue IHC reliability note). |
| Tissue IHC antibody evidence (HPA antibodies) | HPA073918 has Supported IHC validation; HPA065365 has Approved ICC validation but no listed IHC status (HPA antibodies). Keep evidence for the two applications separate when interpreting a paraffin section (HPA antibodies). |
| IF/ICC Q: Should nuclear IF define a positive IHC result? (HPA subcellular ICC-IF) | No. HPA reports mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF signal, with nucleoli and cell junctions also observed, whereas tissue IHC reports plasma positivity and extracellular deposits (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC profile). Interpret each application against its own evidence (HPA antibodies). |
| Target-specific fixation effects are not established by the supplied assay evidence. Verify with a matched IHC source before attributing a result to fixation. | Target-specific fixation effects are not established by the supplied assay evidence. Verify with a matched IHC source before attributing a result to fixation. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells are blank, but the slide has intact tissue (HPA tissue IHC positives; general IHC practice). | Primary antibody, retrieval or detection may have failed; the pattern alone cannot identify which step failed (general IHC practice). | Confirm the antibody is IHC validated, then inspect the positive control, retrieval record and detection controls; repeat with the validated IHC procedure if a step failed (HPA antibodies; general IHC practice). |
| Nuclear-only IHC appears in otherwise negative tissue (HPA tissue IHC profile). | The IHC pattern conflicts with HPA’s reported plasma and extracellular tissue pattern, although nuclear ICC-IF is separately reported (HPA tissue IHC profile; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Review morphology and no-primary staining; confirm with an independently validated IHC antibody before calling the nuclear pattern APOC3-specific (general IHC practice; HPA antibodies). |
| Chromogen appears in HPA-negative cell types across several tissues (HPA tissue IHC negatives). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity are possible general IHC explanations; HPA lists those cell types as not detected (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and known positive tissue; address detection background and reassess antibody specificity if staining persists only with primary antibody (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC positives). |
| Diffuse background obscures enterocytes, Paneth cells or hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC positives). | Blocking, primary concentration, washing or detection background may be contributing; appearance alone cannot distinguish them (general IHC practice). | Inspect the no-primary control, then optimize blocking, dilution and washes one variable at a time while retaining positive tissue for comparison (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC positives). |
| Extracellular signal dominates, leaving cell-associated staining hard to score (HPA tissue IHC profile). | Plasma positivity and extracellular deposits are part of the reported profile of secreted APOC3; their presence alone does not identify the local producing cell (HPA tissue IHC profile; UniProt P02656 subcellular location). | Record extracellular and cell-associated staining separately, and base cell-type calls on identifiable enterocytes, Paneth cells or hepatocytes (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC positives). |
| A result differs between paraffin IHC and ICC-IF (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | HPA reports extracellular tissue IHC and mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF; the supplied antibody validations also cover different applications (HPA tissue IHC profile; HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA antibodies). | Use the tissue IHC profile and IHC-supported antibody evidence to judge the paraffin section; document the ICC-IF result as a separate observation (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing APOC3 staining
M01416 · IHCIHC analysis of APOC3 using anti-APOC3 antibody (M01416). APOC3 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human melanoma tissue. Heat m
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110245-APOC3/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_20814052
HPA · Small intestineHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Small intestine. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110245-APOC3/tissue/small+intestine#imid_20813937
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110245-APOC3/tissue/colon#imid_20813962
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110245-APOC3/tissue/liver#imid_20813979
HPA · ICC-IF CACO-2Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, CACO-2, antibody HPA065365; green = APOC3, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF CACO-2Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, CACO-2, antibody HPA065365; green = APOC3, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for APOC3 IHC & IF
🧪Run duodenum first and look for staining in enterocytes (HPA: High in duodenal enterocytes); use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the duodenal slide, count morphologically identified non-enterocytes as internal negative cells only where they lack specific chromogen staining; their negativity is not established by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Duodenum (Enterocytes, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show APOC3 in CACO-2, Hep-G2, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a rabbit IgG isotype control matched to the catalog antibody’s class and clonality where documented; and APOC3-knockout tissue as a biological negative (M01416 caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC controls). Quench endogenous peroxidase in duodenum for HRP/DAB detection, and check tissue autofluorescence if assessing IF (M01416 caption: HRP/DAB; standard IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No matched source reports an APOC3-specific fixation window or fixation effect, and the selected paraffin-section caption does not report the fixative (M01416 caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required; the supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier (M01416 caption: EDTA retrieval). Because APOC3 is secreted, assess enterocyte-associated staining separately from extracellular or luminal signal in duodenum (UniProt P02656: secreted; HPA: High in duodenal enterocytes).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for APOC3
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — No tissue staining or RNA expression data available for comparison. Secreted protein, tissue location of RNA and protein is expected to differ.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duodenum | Enterocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Small intestine | Paneth cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Hepatocytes | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Endocrine cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced APOC3 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot APOC3 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls and scoring against the available tissue evidence.
Which retrieval condition should I start with for APOC3 paraffin IHC?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet M01416). The documented M01416 tissue image used that condition, followed by 10% goat serum blocking and antibody at 1:50 overnight at 4°C (datasheet M01416). If staining is weak, first check heating consistency and section integrity, then compare another retrieval condition on matched sections as an optimization experiment (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary control and compare hepatocytes or intestinal cells with the test section, because plasma staining and extracellular deposits complicate interpretation (HPA tissue IHC). Record retrieval conditions alongside staining intensity so an apparent gain can be checked against background (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or patchy APOC3 staining?
The M01416 caption identifies a paraffin-embedded section but does not report its fixative, so APOC3 sensitivity to a particular fixation condition is unknown (datasheet M01416). Compare sections with documented fixation histories under the same pH 8.0 EDTA retrieval and 1:50 primary antibody conditions used in the caption (datasheet M01416; standard IHC practice). Examine morphology and staining together: uneven preservation or section damage can make regional signal differences difficult to interpret (standard IHC practice). Keep section thickness, retrieval and detection consistent across that comparison, and include a no-primary control to expose background (standard IHC practice). Do not assign a target-specific fixation effect without a controlled comparison (standard IHC practice).
How should I interpret APOC3 signal inside cells versus extracellular deposits?
Expect tissue staining to include plasma positivity and extracellular deposits, alongside expression in hepatocytes and small-intestinal cells (HPA tissue IHC). APOC3 is secreted, has no transmembrane segment and contributes to plasma lipoproteins, so extracellular staining can reflect its biology without identifying the producing cell (UniProt P02656). HPA subcellular imaging reports mainly nucleoplasmic signal, with additional nucleolar and cell-junction signal; treat that as a distinct observation when assessing a paraffin IHC pattern (HPA subcellular). Compare cellular signal with matched extracellular regions and a no-primary control before assigning expression to individual cells (standard IHC practice). Score cellular and extracellular compartments separately when both are present (standard IHC practice).
Could processing or glycosylation change the APOC3 epitope seen in tissue?
APOC3 has a 99-amino-acid precursor, a signal peptide at residues 1–20, and a mature chain at residues 21–99 (UniProt P02656). The record lists one glycosylation site at residue 94, no annotated isoforms and no transmembrane segment (UniProt P02656). An antibody epitope in the signal peptide could behave differently from one in the mature chain, but the supplied M01416 caption does not identify its epitope (UniProt P02656; datasheet M01416). If staining changes after retrieval, compare matched sections and controls before attributing the change to processing or glycosylation (standard IHC practice). Document the antibody identity and any independently established epitope information with the score (standard IHC practice).
How can I check an APOC3 IHC pattern with multiplex immunofluorescence?
For a separate IF experiment, pair APOC3 with a validated marker of hepatocytes or the relevant intestinal cell type to assess cellular assignment (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose a spectrally separated fluorophore in a channel with low autofluorescence in the specimen, and collect single-label and no-primary controls before interpreting overlap (standard IF practice). APOC3 is secreted and has no transmembrane segment, so plan permeabilisation around the cellular compartment and the antibody’s known epitope accessibility, rather than assuming a membrane-facing epitope (UniProt P02656; standard IF practice). HPA reports nucleoplasmic, nucleolar and cell-junction IF locations, while its tissue profile includes plasma and extracellular signal; assess those patterns separately (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC).
What should I check when APOC3 DAB staining looks diffuse?
First distinguish diffuse extracellular signal from technical background: HPA describes plasma positivity and extracellular deposits for APOC3 (HPA tissue IHC). The M01416 image used 10% goat serum blocking, an overnight 1:50 primary incubation at 4°C, a peroxidase-linked secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C, and DAB development (datasheet M01416). Run a no-primary control, check the peroxidase block and review secondary-only staining when background persists (standard IHC practice). Compare a primary-antibody dilution series on matched sections while holding retrieval and DAB development constant (standard IHC practice). Treat staining shared by controls, necrotic regions or section edges cautiously (standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify APOC3 when deposits surround positive cells? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define cellular and extracellular regions before scoring because APOC3 tissue staining includes plasma positivity and extracellular deposits (HPA tissue IHC). For cells, report the percentage positive and an intensity-weighted H-score from 0–300; state which cell population was scored (standard IHC practice). For deposits, measure positive area or optical density per mm² of viable tissue instead of adding deposits to the cell H-score (standard IHC practice). Normalize cellular counts to the relevant cells examined, and normalize deposit measurements to viable tissue area using consistent thresholds and acquisition settings (standard IHC practice). Exclude folds, edges and necrotic areas by a prespecified rule, then compare matched sections processed together (standard IHC practice).
What would make an APOC3-positive region convincing rather than artefactual?
A convincing pattern is reproducible across sections, respects tissue morphology and is absent from the no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Hepatocytes and intestinal cells provide biologically grounded comparisons, while plasma positivity and extracellular deposits require separate interpretation from cellular expression (HPA tissue IHC). Do not call every intracellular compartment impossible: HPA subcellular imaging reports nucleoplasmic, nucleolar and cell-junction locations, although the tissue profile emphasizes secreted protein (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Check edge-restricted staining, necrosis and residual endogenous peroxidase against the control before accepting DAB signal (standard IHC practice). If signal appears in an unexpected cell type, seek a repeat stain or an independent marker before assigning APOC3 expression (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best APOC3 / Apolipoprotein C-III IHC Antibodies
One human-reactive APOC3 antibody has a real IHC image from a paraffin-embedded human melanoma section (M01416 image caption; catalog: M01416 reactivity). No IF image is supplied (catalog: M01416).
Real IHC data
Anti-APOC3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M01416
M01416 is listed for human IHC and WB (catalog: M01416 applications and reactivity). Its IHC image shows staining in a paraffin-embedded human melanoma section following EDTA pH 8 retrieval and DAB detection (M01416 image caption).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M01416: it is a rabbit monoclonal with a human paraffin-section IHC example and a listed dilution of 1:50–1:200 (catalog: M01416; M01416 image caption). No SKU in this payload is listed for IF/ICC or nonhuman reactivity (catalog: M01416 applications and reactivity). The M01416 caption does not report the fixative, so its paraffin-section image does not establish tissue processing (M01416 image caption). The selected M01416 tissue-IHC caption documents paraffin sections, but does not specify the fixative (selected-SKU IHC image M01416).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P02656 (APOC3_HUMAN, Apolipoprotein C-III).
- Human Protein Atlas. APOC3 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. APOC3 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the nucleoli and cell junctions..
- Human Protein Atlas. APOC3 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- APOC3 Promotes DGAT2-Dependent Triglyceride Accumulation in Hepatocytes During Early Metabolic Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2026 — PMC13113833.
- ApoC3 is expressed in oocytes and increased expression is associated with PCOS progression. Journal of ovarian research 2023 — PMC10493025.
- Elevated apolipoprotein C3 augments diabetic kidney disease and associated atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. JCI insight 2024 — PMC11383354.
- Apolipoprotein C3 exacerbates vascular calcification by promoting ferroptosis via the TLR2/AMPK pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox biology 2026 — PMC13080510.
- PubMed PMID:6439535 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:6548954 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:2989400 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for APOC3 (Apolipoprotein C-III). Expected localisation Plasma and extracellular deposits (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M01416). Validated IHC antibody: M01416 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Duodenum (Enterocytes); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human melanoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M01416); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M01416); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M01416); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M01416); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone 17A47) anti-APOC3, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet M01416); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M01416). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Secreted APOC3 may stain away from its source cells (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 21–99 (UniProt); Regulation: Staining regulation is not established (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt P02656, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet M01416, PMC13113833, PMC10493025. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/APOC3/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.