This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
ARPC1B / Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ARPC1B
Plan ARPC1B IHC in paraffin sections using the reported strong cytoplasmic staining in lymph node and tonsil germinal center cells as a reference (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers tissue selection, fixation consistency, chromogenic detection and interpretation.
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ARPC1B Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Strong cytoplasmic staining in germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A07192-2) | |
| Positive control | Lymph node+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Endogenous peroxidase may contribute to DAB signal (standard IHC practice) | |
| Regulation | Higher in lymphoid tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 0 isoforms annotated; chain spans residues 2–372 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ARPC1B IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A07192-2) is accompanied by published ARPC1B IHC protocols for GBM (PMC10770598) and FFPE sections (PMC10546172).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A07192-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A07192-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A07192-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A07192-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ARPC1B, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A07192-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A07192-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A07192-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ARPC1B-positive staining in germinal center cells of lymph node (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, most abundant in lymphoid tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet: A07192-2); compare Tris/EDTA pH 9.0 if optimization is needed (PMC10546172).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ARPC1B Staining Pattern?
ARPC1B should stain mainly in the cytoplasm, with the strongest tissue IHC signal in lymph node and tonsil germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). UniProt also lists nuclear localisation and no transmembrane segment (UniProt O15143). HPA rates the tissue IHC profile Enhanced, while reporting only medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC: reliability description).
| Strong cytoplasmic chromogen in lymph node or tonsil germinal center cells, with discernible cell boundaries. | This matches the clearest supplied positive reference: both cell populations are rated High, and the tissue profile is predominantly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). Judge intensity in the named cells rather than assigning one score to the whole section; neighbouring cells need not share their intensity. |
| A sharply outlined plasma membrane is the dominant signal, with little cytoplasmic staining. | Treat a membrane-only pattern as suspect: UniProt lists cytoplasm/cytoskeleton and nucleus and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt O15143). Recheck cell edges and counterstain before scoring. Nuclear staining alone also needs caution: nuclear localisation is listed by UniProt, but the supplied tissue IHC profile does not establish a nuclear staining pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strong staining predominates in adipocytes or colon glandular cells while the expected positive cells are weak. | That distribution conflicts with HPA's Not detected calls for adipocytes and colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, then compare matched controls. A Not detected reference is an observed staining category, not proof that every cell in every specimen must be negative. |
| Brown colour spreads across empty areas, stromal spaces, or many unrelated cell types without clear cellular boundaries. | Interpret this as background until controls show cell-associated signal. Uneven chromogen deposition, incomplete blocking, or endogenous enzyme activity can produce such appearances in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). Diffuse colour does not reproduce the cell-specific High germinal center pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Germinal center cells show no signal in a technically readable lymph node or tonsil section. | This misses the strongest supplied tissue positive reference (HPA tissue IHC: High in germinal center cells). First inspect the section and assay controls; absent staining alone cannot identify whether the problem is the primary antibody, retrieval, or detection (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected ARPC1B appearanceCall a convincing positive result High, predominantly cytoplasmic staining in lymph node or tonsil germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC); widespread acellular colour or membrane-only staining is suspect, while nuclear localisation is listed by UniProt but is not established as the expected tissue IHC pattern (UniProt O15143; HPA tissue IHC).
| Tissue and cell selection | Lymph node and tonsil germinal center cells are the strongest supplied positives (HPA tissue IHC: High). Appendix lymphoid tissue, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, skin fibroblasts, and spleen red-pulp cells are Medium (HPA tissue IHC); use the named cells when comparing sections. |
| Location and topology | The tissue IHC profile is cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). UniProt lists cytoplasm/cytoskeleton and nucleus, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt O15143). These annotations guide compartment checks but do not predict an ARPC1B-specific retrieval or fixation response. |
| Strength of evidence | The tissue IHC profile is rated Enhanced, with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). The listed antibody HPA004832 is Enhanced for IHC and Uncertain for ICC (HPA antibodies). Keep those application ratings separate when interpreting images. |
| IF/ICC context | HPA reports supported vesicle and cytosol localisation in ICC-IF (HPA subcellular). Those observations can inform an IF question, but they do not establish vesicle-resolved staining in paraffin chromogenic IHC. No target-specific fixation sensitivity or retrieval condition is supplied by UniProt or HPA. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No staining in lymph node or tonsil germinal center cells. | These are High reference cells (HPA tissue IHC); a blank result may arise at several assay steps (general IHC practice). | Confirm the relevant cells are present, then review the catalog antibody's IHC-P conditions, retrieval, primary incubation, and detection controls. Change one assay variable at a time and retain a known-positive section (general IHC practice). |
| Signal is weak in a section expected to contain positive cells. | HPA scores appendix lymphoid tissue and bone marrow hematopoietic cells Medium, versus High in germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC). Tissue choice can affect the expected comparison. | Identify the scored cell population and compare it with a lymph node or tonsil germinal center control (HPA tissue IHC). If that control is also weak, review routine IHC-P assay conditions (general IHC practice). |
| Brown colour covers tissue broadly or appears outside cells. | Background or endogenous detection activity can obscure specific chromogen signal (general IHC practice). | Inspect an omission-of-primary control; for an HRP system, check the endogenous peroxidase blocking step. Review washing and chromogen development before assigning cell scores (general IHC practice). |
| A nominally negative cell population stains strongly. | Adipocytes and colon glandular cells are Not detected in the supplied reference (HPA tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or endogenous activity is possible (general IHC practice). | Compare the suspect cells and expected germinal center cells on controlled sections (HPA tissue IHC). Use omission-of-primary and detection controls to separate assay background from primary-dependent staining (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears exclusively along the plasma membrane. | A membrane-only pattern lacks support from the listed cytoplasm/cytoskeleton and nucleus locations and the absence of a transmembrane segment (UniProt O15143). | Review section morphology and focus to distinguish a thin rim of cytoplasm from a true membrane outline; compare with cytoplasmic staining in positive cells (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Can the IHC-P pattern be used as an IF/ICC protocol? | HPA supports vesicle and cytosol localisation in ICC-IF, but rates the listed antibody's ICC validation Uncertain (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). | Use the separate IF/ICC guide for that application. Treat these vesicle and cytosol observations as localisation context, and assess IF controls and antibody validation separately (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ARPC1B staining
A07192-2 · IHCIHC analysis of ARPC1B using anti-ARPC1B antibody (A07192-2). ARPC1B was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human tonsil tissue. Hea
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130429-ARPC1B/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_1652536
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130429-ARPC1B/tissue/colon#imid_1652462
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130429-ARPC1B/tissue/liver#imid_1652463
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130429-ARPC1B/tissue/kidney#imid_1652456
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA004832; green = ARPC1B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA004832; green = ARPC1B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ARPC1B IHC & IF
🧪Run tonsil first and score its germinal center cells, where ARPC1B staining is High (HPA: tonsil, germinal center cells, High). Run adipose tissue as the negative tissue, focusing on adipocytes (HPA: adipose tissue, adipocytes, Not detected); on the tonsil slide, cells outside germinal centers provide a comparison, but should be called internal negatives only if they lack specific staining.
Positive control tissue: Lymph node (Germinal center cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ARPC1B in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Vesicles (supported), Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a host- and clonality-matched isotype control (the selected antibody is rabbit anti-ARPC1B; selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption); and an ARPC1B knockout biological negative where available. Block endogenous peroxidase for tonsil DAB staining and assess background in the control sections (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: The selected-SKU tonsil paraffin-section caption reports heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C; its fixative is unreported (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). A target-specific fixation window and fixation effect are unreported, and the supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier. Dense lymphoid tissue warrants careful background assessment, especially with HRP/DAB detection (HPA: tonsil, germinal center cells, High; selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ARPC1B
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tonsil | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Lymphoid tissue | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skin | Fibroblasts | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ARPC1B IHC Tips
Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin section result and independent expression patterns to troubleshoot ARPC1B staining; assess morphology and controls alongside signal intensity.
Which retrieval conditions should I try first when ARPC1B staining is weak?
Start with heat mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A07192-2). The selected antibody detected ARPC1B in paraffin embedded human tonsil after that retrieval, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A07192-2). If staining remains weak, adjust heating duration while checking tissue morphology, and compare a known positive tonsil section in the same run (standard IHC practice; HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells). Keep antibody concentration and detection conditions constant during the retrieval comparison so a stronger signal can be attributed to retrieval (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak ARPC1B staining in my paraffin sections?
The selected tonsil caption identifies a paraffin embedded section but does not state its fixative, so ARPC1B sensitivity to a particular fixation condition is unknown (datasheet A07192-2). Record the specimen’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare similarly processed sections using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and staining run (standard IHC practice; datasheet A07192-2). Include a tonsil section as a positive tissue reference and assess preserved cell morphology before interpreting weak signal (HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells; standard IHC practice). Do not attribute a difference to fixation until differences in retrieval, section handling, and detection have been checked (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing ARPC1B staining appear in tissue?
Expect mainly cytoplasmic staining in tissue, particularly within germinal center cells of tonsil and lymph node (HPA: cytoplasmic expression in several tissues; HPA: High in tonsil and lymph node germinal center cells). ARPC1B is an Arp2/3 complex component associated with cytoplasmic actin networks, while a nuclear role is also annotated (UniProt O15143 function and subcellular location). Compare staining within cells against the counterstain and tissue architecture, and score cytoplasmic and nuclear signals separately (standard IHC practice). Diffuse chromogen over empty spaces or a signal confined to section edges warrants a processing or background check before assignment to ARPC1B (standard IHC practice).
How should I assess an unexpected staining pattern without a mapped epitope?
UniProt lists 0 annotated isoforms and no annotated glycosylation sites or modified residues for ARPC1B; those annotations do not establish which epitope this antibody recognizes (UniProt O15143 record). The supplied tissue caption documents staining with A07192-2 but gives no epitope sequence or specificity experiment (datasheet A07192-2). Compare the pattern with a positive tonsil section and the expected cytoplasmic distribution before changing retrieval conditions (HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells; HPA: cytoplasmic tissue expression; standard IHC practice). If a pattern remains discordant, use an independently validated antibody or an appropriate specificity control rather than assigning it to an undocumented isoform (standard IHC practice; UniProt O15143 isoform annotation).
How can I adapt the tissue question to multiplex IF?
For an IF experiment, pair ARPC1B with an independently validated marker of germinal center cells, the population showing high tissue staining in tonsil and lymph node (HPA: High in tonsil and lymph node germinal center cells; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and assess unstained tissue autofluorescence before assigning a weak channel to ARPC1B (standard IF practice). Because ARPC1B has no transmembrane segment and is annotated in cytoplasm and nucleus, permeabilize cells when testing intracellular signal, then optimize detergent conditions for preserved morphology (UniProt O15143 topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice). Validate the catalog antibody’s IF performance independently; its paraffin section chromogenic result establishes only the reported IHC conditions (datasheet A07192-2).
What should I check when DAB obscures ARPC1B positive cells?
The selected paraffin section example used a peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody and DAB, so inspect controls for signal contributed by the detection system (datasheet A07192-2; standard IHC practice). Include a primary omission control, block endogenous peroxidase as part of the general DAB workflow, and check whether residual color follows tissue structures regardless of primary antibody (standard IHC practice). The example used 10% goat serum blocking and 2 μg/ml primary overnight at 4°C, which provide documented starting conditions for comparison (datasheet A07192-2). If background persists, titrate primary antibody and wash conditions while retaining a positive tonsil section to monitor specific staining (standard IHC practice; HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells).
How should I quantify ARPC1B staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring; tonsil germinal center cells provide a documented high staining reference, whereas adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells; HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). For a defined region, record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, then calculate an H-score from intensity categories 0–3 if that scale suits the study (standard IHC practice). Normalize cell counts or positive area to the number of eligible cells or analyzed tissue area in mm², respectively (standard IHC practice). Apply one threshold, imaging setup, and region selection rule across sections, and report cytoplasmic and nuclear scores separately (standard IHC practice; UniProt O15143 subcellular location).
When is an apparent ARPC1B positive result likely to be artefactual?
A cytoplasmic signal in tonsil germinal center cells fits the reported tissue pattern, but staining alone does not prove antibody specificity (HPA: High in tonsil germinal center cells; HPA: cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). Treat staining confined to section edges, damaged or necrotic areas, or primary omission controls as suspect before scoring cells (standard IHC practice). Investigate strong staining in a cell population reported as undetected, such as adipocytes, against morphology and matched controls rather than assuming a new expression pattern (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes; standard IHC practice). Nuclear staining deserves separate review because UniProt annotates nuclear localization, while the supplied HPA tissue profile emphasizes cytoplasmic staining; exclude endogenous peroxidase signal in DAB preparations (UniProt O15143 subcellular location; HPA: cytoplasmic tissue expression; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best ARPC1B / Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B IHC Antibodies
A07192-2 has real IHC data from a human paraffin-embedded tonsil section (IHC image caption). Human, mouse and rat are listed as reactive species (catalog); no IF data are provided (catalog).
Real IHC data
Anti-ARP2/3 subunit 1B/ARPC1B Antibody ®
Cat # A07192-2
A07192-2 is the only card and shows IHC staining of a human paraffin-embedded tonsil section (IHC image caption). Its listed applications include IHC but exclude IF/ICC, and its listed reactivity covers human, mouse and rat (catalog).
Which to pick: Choose A07192-2 for human paraffin-section IHC; its caption documents staining at 2 μg/ml after heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (IHC image caption). The fixative is unreported (IHC image caption). No listed SKU has IF/ICC validation (catalog); A07192-2 lists mouse and rat reactivity, but its supplied IHC image documents human tissue only (catalog; IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O15143 (ARC1B_HUMAN, Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B).
- Human Protein Atlas. ARPC1B tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. ARPC1B subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to vesicles and cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. ARPC1B antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- High expression of ARPC1B correlates with immune infiltration and poor outcomes in glioblastoma. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 2024 — PMC10770598.
- Dual role of ARPC1B in regulating the network between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2022 — PMC8803105.
- ARPC1B is a novel prognostic biomarker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and correlates with immune infiltration. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 2023 — PMC10546172.
- Pan-cancer identified ARPC1B as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy and prognostic biomarker, particularly in READ. Heliyon 2024 — PMC11059418.
- PubMed PMID:9230079 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12853948 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ARPC1B (Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A07192-2). Validated IHC antibody: A07192-2 at 2-5μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Lymph node (Germinal center cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A07192-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A07192-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A07192-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A07192-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ARPC1B, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A07192-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A07192-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Endogenous peroxidase may contribute to DAB signal (standard IHC practice); Isoform / epitope: 0 isoforms annotated; chain spans residues 2–372 (UniProt); Regulation: Higher in lymphoid tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt O15143, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · vesicles and cytosol., Datasheet A07192-2, PMC10770598, PMC10546172. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ARPC1B/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.