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- Table of Contents
Plan paraffin-section ASRGL1 IHC around the cytoplasmic staining seen in seminiferous ducts and female genital tract glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation consistency, controls, and epitope selection for a protein with 2 isoforms and α/β chain processing (UniProt).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Predominantly cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic signal in seminiferous ducts and female genital glands (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A08869-1) | |
| Positive control | Cerebellum+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Overexpressed in uterine carcinoma (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; α/β cleavage makes epitope location relevant (UniProt) |
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A08869-1) with published chromogenic ASRGL1 protocols for human brain (PMC11099023) and cervical carcinoma tissue (PMC6059725).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human brain tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A08869-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A08869-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A08869-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A08869-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ASRGL1, 1:50 recommended; image 2 μg/ml (datasheet A08869-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A08869-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A08869-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ASRGL1-positive staining in granular cells - cytoplasm/membrane of cerebellum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression most abundant in seminiferous ducts and glandular cells of female genital tract. No signal in the no-primary control. |
ASRGL1 should stain mainly in the cytoplasm of seminiferous ducts and female genital tract glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Cytoplasmic localisation fits a protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q7L266 topology). HPA rates tissue IHC reliability as Enhanced, while reporting only medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret each result by cell type and compartment, not overall slide colour.
| Clear cytoplasmic signal in cervical or endometrial glandular cells, or cells of seminiferous ducts. | This fits the reported distribution: female genital tract glandular cells and seminiferous ducts are prominent, with High staining in cervical and endometrial glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare staining within the relevant cell population, because adjacent cells need not share its intensity. |
| Predominantly nuclear, sharply surface-restricted, or indiscriminate staining across a tissue section. | These are poor matches for the mainly cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q7L266 subcellular location). Cerebellar granular cells are a stated cytoplasm/membrane exception (HPA tissue IHC). Nuclear signal alone is therefore insufficient to call tissue IHC positive; assess morphology and controls. |
| Strong colour in cells listed as Not detected, such as adipocytes or alveolar cells. | HPA reports no detected ASRGL1 staining in those specified cells, not a universal absence from their entire organs (HPA tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, and compare a no-primary control before assigning the colour to ASRGL1 (general IHC practice). |
| Haze across tissue, stroma, and blank areas that obscures cell boundaries. | A widespread background pattern cannot establish the reported cell-specific cytoplasmic localisation (HPA tissue IHC). Check the no-primary control and detection reagents, then reassess blocking and washes (general IHC practice). Score only signal distinguishable from background in identifiable cells. |
| No visible signal in cervical or endometrial glandular cells on an otherwise readable section. | That conflicts with their reported High staining (HPA tissue IHC), but one negative slide does not establish biological absence. Check tissue identity, positive-control performance, antibody dilution, retrieval, and detection steps (general IHC practice); HPA provides no ASRGL1-specific retrieval or fixation response here. |
| Tissue and cell selection | Cervical and endometrial glandular cells and cerebellar granular cells are reported High; glial cells in cerebral cortex are Low (HPA tissue IHC). Select and score the named cells, since a weak field elsewhere cannot substitute for a known-positive cell population. |
| Subcellular context | UniProt places ASRGL1 in the cytoplasm and at the sperm-tail midpiece (UniProt Q7L266 subcellular location). HPA describes tissue staining as mainly cytoplasmic, with cytoplasm/membrane staining in cerebellar granular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Neither source makes nuclear-only tissue staining a general expectation. |
| Protein processing and antibody epitope | ASRGL1 autocleaves into alpha residues 1–167 and beta residues 168–308 (UniProt Q7L266 processing). Which chain an antibody detects depends on its epitope; no epitope for the catalog antibody is supplied here. Do not infer chain-specific staining or cleavage-dependent IHC performance. |
| Isoforms | UniProt lists 2 ASRGL1 isoforms (UniProt Q7L266 isoforms). Without an antibody epitope or isoform-specific tissue evidence, the reported IHC distribution cannot be assigned to one isoform. Interpret staining as ASRGL1-associated signal subject to the antibody's documented specificity. |
| Antibody validation and evidence limit | Three listed antibodies have Enhanced IHC validation, including HPA029725, HPA055572, and CAB070192 (HPA antibody records). Enhanced supports the reported pattern through independent antibodies or orthogonal data; HPA still describes medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC). Validation does not establish performance under every local staining condition. |
| IF/ICC Q: Should fluorescence mirror tissue IHC? | A: HPA ICC-IF reports microtubules as the main approved location, with approved nucleoplasm and cytokinetic bridge locations (HPA subcellular). That is cell-image evidence, while this page's expected slide pattern comes from tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). Assess IF/ICC using its own guide and controls. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected glandular cytoplasm is blank, but the section has intact morphology. | A missed staining step or unsuitable local conditions can suppress chromogenic signal (general IHC practice); target-specific retrieval and fixation effects are unreported in the supplied sources. | Run a known-positive cervical or endometrial glandular section alongside the sample (HPA tissue IHC). Review antibody dilution, retrieval, detection, and counterstain against the IHC-validated antibody's instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclei dominate the signal in a putative positive tissue. | This differs from the mainly cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). HPA's approved nucleoplasm location comes from ICC-IF and does not, by itself, validate nuclear-dominant tissue IHC (HPA subcellular). | Check the no-primary control, nuclear counterstain, and cell boundaries; then compare with a known-positive cytoplasmic pattern (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Adipocytes or alveolar cells stain more strongly than the intended positive cells. | Those specific cells are listed as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible, but the image alone cannot distinguish them (general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control and the tissue morphology; repeat with an independently validated antibody if available (general IHC practice; HPA antibody records). |
| Diffuse colour covers both tissue and empty spaces. | The distribution obscures the reported cell-specific cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Excess detection reagent, insufficient washing, or nonspecific binding can create background (general IHC practice). | Compare no-primary and reagent controls; review blocking, washes, antibody dilution, and detection development before scoring cells (general IHC practice). |
| A low-staining field is mistaken for assay failure. | HPA reports Low staining in cerebral cortical glial cells and some glandular populations, while selected cervical and endometrial glandular cells are High (HPA tissue IHC). Expected intensity depends on the named tissue and cell type. | Identify the scored cell population and include a reported High positive tissue in the same run; compare like cells and compartment-specific signal (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Cerebellar granular cells show a membrane-associated component. | HPA explicitly records High cytoplasm/membrane staining in those cells, although its overall tissue profile is cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). This observation alone does not prove a membrane-spanning ASRGL1 pool (UniProt Q7L266 topology). | Assess whether cytoplasmic staining is also present, verify granular-cell identity, and compare controls before interpreting the membrane-associated component (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Granular cells - cytoplasm/membrane | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Basal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot ASRGL1 staining in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s brain IHC example and cell specific expression patterns as reference points.
A08869-1 has real IHC data from paraffin-embedded human brain (A08869-1 IHC image caption). The catalog lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity, but provides no IF image (A08869-1 catalog: reactivity; IF image alts).
A08869-1 is the sole card, and its IHC figure shows staining in a paraffin-embedded human brain section (A08869-1 IHC image caption). The catalog lists IHC as an application and human, mouse, and rat reactivity; it provides no IF figure (A08869-1 catalog: applications, reactivity, IF image alts).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose rabbit polyclonal A08869-1 at 1:50 (A08869-1 catalog: host, dilution_raw, IHC dilution); its figure documents a paraffin-embedded human brain section, with the fixative unreported (A08869-1 IHC image caption). For IF/ICC, A08869-1 has a listed 1:50 IF dilution, but IF/ICC is absent from its applications list and no IF image is provided (A08869-1 catalog: IF dilution, applications, IF image alts). For mouse or rat tissue, A08869-1 lists reactivity with both species, while its IHC figure documents human tissue only (A08869-1 catalog: reactivity; IHC image caption).