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ASS1 / Argininosuccinate synthase · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ASS1
Plan ASS1 IHC around the cytoplasmic staining reported in liver, kidney and urinary bladder (HPA tissue IHC). For paraffin sections, start M02212-1 at 2–5 μg/ml and compare staining with positive and negative tissue controls (datasheet: M02212-1; standard IHC practice).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ASS1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes, Bowman's capsule and urothelium (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02212-1) | |
| Positive control | Kidney+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Bone marrow+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M02212-1) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA have medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms or signal/propeptide processing (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ASS1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody uses EDTA HIER (datasheet: M02212-1). The published IHC protocols below cover esophageal adenocarcinoma (PMC12650347), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PMC5302782), and ovarian carcinoma (PMC4858122).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human prostate cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02212-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02212-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02212-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M02212-1) |
| Primary antibody | Mouse monoclonal (clone 5I5) anti-ASS1, 2μg/ml (datasheet M02212-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02212-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet M02212-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ASS1-positive staining in bowman's capsule of kidney (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues including kidney, liver and urinary bladder. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: M02212-1). Optimize retrieval when adapting protocols that used other antibodies.
Section 2
What Is the Expected ASS1 Staining Pattern?
ASS1 is a cytosolic enzyme with no transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966: subcellular location and topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes, kidney Bowman’s capsule cells, and urothelial cells, among other reported positives (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue profile Enhanced, while reporting medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Clear cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes and cells of kidney Bowman’s capsule, with limited background. | This matches the expected compartment (UniProt P00966: cytosol) and two high-staining cell populations (HPA: High in hepatocytes and Bowman’s capsule). Judge the named cells, rather than treating every cell in either tissue as an expected positive. |
| Predominantly membrane-rimmed or nuclear staining replaces cytoplasmic staining in expected positive cells. | A dominant membrane pattern conflicts with the lack of a transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966: topology). Predominantly nuclear IHC also warrants checking controls: HPA supports cytosol as the main IF location but calls additional nucleoplasm localization uncertain (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining appears in a population listed as undetected, such as bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. | That result conflicts with the reported IHC pattern (HPA: Not detected in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells). Check for antibody cross-reactivity or detection background before interpreting it as ASS1; an HPA reference pattern cannot establish that every specimen is negative. |
| Weak, diffuse color covers cells and spaces without clear cytoplasmic boundaries. | The pattern does not resolve the reported cytoplasmic signal (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Compare a no-primary control and inspect blocking, washes, and chromogen development (general chromogenic IHC practice); diffuse color alone cannot identify ASS1-positive cells. |
| No staining is visible in hepatocytes on a run intended to show ASS1. | Hepatocytes are a reported high-staining population (HPA: High in hepatocytes). Check a known-positive section processed in the same run, then inspect antibody, retrieval, and detection steps (general IHC practice). A blank slide alone cannot distinguish technical failure from specimen variation. |
💡Expected ASS1 appearanceCall a result positive when distinct cytoplasmic staining is evident in expected cells, especially high-staining hepatocytes or kidney Bowman’s capsule cells (UniProt P00966: cytosol; HPA: High in both); widespread diffuse color, dominant membrane rims, or signal confined to reported undetected populations warrants control review (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P00966: topology).
| Cell population selected for scoring | Expected intensity depends on the named population: hepatocytes, Bowman’s capsule cells, and urothelial cells are High; colon glandular cells are Medium; duodenal glandular cells are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Score those populations separately instead of assigning one expectation to an entire organ. |
| Compartment used to judge positivity | ASS1 is assigned to the cytosol and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966: location and topology). Use resolved cytoplasmic staining as the main localization check; the additional nucleoplasm finding is uncertain in ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strength of the reference pattern | HPA labels the tissue IHC profile Enhanced but describes only medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). Its reported High, Medium, Low, and Not detected categories guide comparison; they are not intensity thresholds for an individual slide. |
| Independent antibody evidence | Two listed rabbit polyclonal antibodies, HPA020896 and HPA020934, have Enhanced IHC validation (HPA: antibody validation). This supports the reference pattern but does not establish that a different catalog antibody will produce the same intensity or background in a given run. |
| Processing and isoform expectations | UniProt lists one chain spanning residues 1–412, no signal peptide or propeptide, and no annotated isoforms (UniProt P00966: processing and isoforms). These annotations provide no basis for predicting a separate secreted or membrane staining pattern. |
| IF/ICC: where should signal appear? | Mainly in the cytosol, with additional nucleoplasm localization marked uncertain (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). This answers the localization question for IF/ICC; compare its images on its own guide page rather than treating the IHC tissue intensity categories as IF intensity predictions. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A known-positive liver section has little or no hepatocyte signal. | Hepatocytes are reported High, so the run needs a technical check (HPA: High in hepatocytes); the reference pattern alone does not identify which step failed. | Compare a known-positive section run alongside it; check the catalog antibody’s IHC-P instructions, retrieval, reagent integrity, and detection controls (general IHC practice). |
| All cell types show a similar diffuse chromogenic haze. | Uniform haze obscures the cell-resolved cytoplasmic pattern expected for ASS1 (UniProt P00966: cytosol; HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Inspect a no-primary control, washing and blocking steps, and chromogen development; address detection background before scoring tissue cells (general chromogenic IHC practice). |
| Membrane rims dominate while hepatocyte cytoplasm is faint. | A dominant membrane pattern is discordant with cytosolic ASS1 and its lack of a transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966: location and topology). | Compare positive and no-primary controls, confirm the catalog antibody used for IHC-P, and reassess whether the cytoplasm is independently resolved (general IHC practice). |
| A reported undetected population stains strongly. | Strong staining in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells, for example, differs from the HPA reference (HPA: Not detected in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells). Cross-reactivity or detection background is possible. | Review a no-primary control and a positive tissue in the same run; verify the stained cell identity before assigning the signal to ASS1 (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears nuclear in IF/ICC or in a chromogenic section. | HPA reports mainly cytosolic ICC-IF staining and marks additional nucleoplasm localization uncertain (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF); UniProt assigns ASS1 to the cytosol (UniProt P00966: location). | Check whether cytosolic signal is also present and compare controls. Treat isolated nuclear staining cautiously; the supplied sources do not establish a nuclear IHC-positive pattern. |
| Liver and kidney sections show different apparent strengths. | HPA reports high staining in hepatocytes and kidney Bowman’s capsule cells, but that does not predict equal slide intensity or staining of every cell in either organ (HPA: tissue IHC). | Score the specified cell populations and compare sections processed together; assess counterstain and background before interpreting an apparent intensity difference (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ASS1 staining
M02212-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-1). ASS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human prostate cancer tissue. He
M02212-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-1). ASS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat
M02212-1 · IFIF analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-1). ASS1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme antigen retr
M02212-2 · IHCIHC analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-2). ASS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat
M02212-2 · IHCIHC analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-2). ASS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human liver cancer tissue. Heat
M02212-2 · IFIF analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (M02212-2). ASS1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme antigen retr
A02212-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (A02212-1). ASS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human Pancreatic Cancer tissue.
A02212-1 · IFIF analysis of ASS1 using anti-ASS1 antibody (A02212-1). ASS1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of HEPG2 cells. Enzyme antigen retr
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130707-ASS1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_5627076
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130707-ASS1/tissue/colon#imid_5626442
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130707-ASS1/tissue/liver#imid_5627003
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130707-ASS1/tissue/kidney#imid_5627012
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA020934; green = ASS1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA020934; green = ASS1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ASS1 IHC & IF
🧪Run liver first: hepatocytes should show cytosolic staining (HPA: High in hepatocytes; UniProt P00966: cytosol). Use bone marrow hematopoietic cells as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in hematopoietic cells); nonhepatocytes on the liver slide can serve as internal negative comparators only if they show background-level staining, since their ASS1 status is not specified by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Kidney (Bowman's capsule, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Bone marrow (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ASS1 in A-431, MCF-7, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a concentration-matched mouse IgG isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s subclass and clonality when known (selected-SKU caption: mouse anti-ASS1); and ASS1-knockout material as a biological negative control. For liver, quench endogenous peroxidase and check endogenous biotin background if using the caption’s biotin-based DAB detection (selected-SKU caption: biotinylated secondary, streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and fixation effect are unreported, and the exact selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption does not state a fixative. That paraffin-section example uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (selected-SKU caption); retrieval dependence beyond that example is unreported. Frozen sections are not established as easier, while ICC-IF images exist for A-431, MCF-7 and U2OS with mainly cytosolic signal (HPA: subcellular); liver peroxidase or biotin background should be assessed with the controls above (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ASS1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Bowman's capsule | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Hepatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lung | Alveolar cells type II | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skin | Cells in basal layer | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Urinary bladder | Urothelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Cells in endometrial stroma | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ASS1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ASS1 staining by checking retrieval, cytosolic localisation, tissue context and assay controls before interpreting chromogenic signal.
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for ASS1 in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet M02212-1). The paraffin-section example then uses 10% goat serum and 2 µg/mL catalog antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet M02212-1), so keep those conditions consistent while assessing retrieval. Compare a known positive liver section, especially hepatocytes (HPA: High in hepatocytes), with a no-primary control on the same run. If staining remains weak, adjust retrieval heating or cooling cautiously and document each change; excessive retrieval can damage morphology, making faint cytosolic staining difficult to distinguish from section damage.
Can I attribute weak ASS1 staining to the fixation method?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative, so target-specific ASS1 fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet M02212-1). Record the actual fixative, fixation duration, tissue thickness and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining across batches. Use a similarly processed liver control with hepatocytes expected to stain strongly (HPA: High in hepatocytes), and assess whether morphology and other established stains were preserved. If signal varies with processing, test matched sections while changing only one preparation variable at a time; neither the reported tissue pattern nor ASS1’s cytosolic location establishes a particular fixation requirement (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P00966 localisation).
Where should convincing ASS1 staining appear in tissue sections?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining: ASS1 is annotated in the cytosol (UniProt P00966 localisation), and tissue IHC shows cytoplasmic expression across several tissues (HPA: tissue IHC profile). In liver, examine hepatocytes as a strong positive population (HPA: High in hepatocytes), while using the local tissue architecture to separate cellular staining from extracellular DAB deposits. HPA reports additional nucleoplasmic localisation with uncertain support (HPA: subcellular), so isolated nuclear signal deserves confirmation with an independent assay or antibody. ASS1 has no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966 topology); a crisp membrane-only pattern should therefore prompt review of background, segmentation and antibody specificity.
Could isoforms or modified residues explain inconsistent ASS1 staining?
The supplied record lists no ASS1 isoforms and no annotated domains (UniProt P00966 isoforms and domains), so an isoform-specific explanation is unsupported here. ASS1 does carry reported phosphorylation and acetylation sites, including residues 87, 112 and 113 (UniProt P00966 modified residues), but the catalog antibody’s epitope is not supplied. Do not attribute a staining difference to those modifications without an epitope map and direct comparison of appropriately controlled samples. Instead, review retrieval, tissue processing and the expected cytosolic pattern (datasheet M02212-1 retrieval; UniProt P00966 localisation), then use an independent antibody or orthogonal assay if the discrepancy persists.
How should I adapt ASS1 localisation checks to multiplex IF?
For IF or ICC, pair ASS1 with a marker identifying the expected cell population, such as a hepatocyte lineage marker in liver, where hepatocytes show high ASS1 staining (HPA: High in hepatocytes). Choose a fluorophore channel with low tissue autofluorescence, and inspect single-channel controls before interpreting overlap; spectral separation matters especially when signal is diffuse in cytoplasm. Use a gentle, controlled permeabilisation step to expose the cytosolic antigen, because ASS1 is cytosolic and lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt P00966 localisation and topology). Compare cytosolic signal with a 2-channel marker overlay and nuclear counterstain, while treating nucleoplasmic signal cautiously (HPA: subcellular).
What should I check when ASS1 DAB staining is diffuse or widespread?
First inspect a no-primary control for endogenous peroxidase activity and nonspecific detection, applying a peroxidase block as a general chromogenic IHC step. The catalog example uses 10% goat serum, a biotinylated secondary antibody and a streptavidin-biotin detection complex with DAB (datasheet M02212-1); check each detection component if background persists. Compare the suspect area with hepatocytes, which show high ASS1 staining, and with an expected negative population such as bone-marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Background concentrated at section edges, folds or damaged areas should be assessed separately from intact-cell cytoplasmic staining (UniProt P00966 localisation).
How can I score ASS1 IHC without confusing signal and tissue composition? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and viable region of interest before scoring; liver hepatocytes and kidney Bowman’s-capsule cells are reported high populations (HPA: tissue IHC). For cellular staining, record both percent positive cells and cytoplasmic intensity, then calculate an H-score on a 0–300 scale using intensity grades 0–3 as a standard IHC scoring method. Normalise counts or stained area to the number or area of viable target cells, and report separate values for distinct cell populations. Keep retrieval, antibody concentration and DAB development consistent across compared sections (datasheet M02212-1 retrieval and antibody concentration), and exclude folds, edges and necrosis from scoring.
How do I distinguish true ASS1 signal from artefact?
Prioritise intact-cell cytoplasmic staining, consistent with ASS1’s cytosolic annotation and the tissue IHC profile (UniProt P00966 localisation; HPA: tissue IHC). Check whether expected populations stain, such as liver hepatocytes, while an expected negative population such as bone-marrow hematopoietic cells remains unstained under comparable conditions (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat membrane-only signal, edge staining and staining over necrosis as possible artefacts; isolated nuclear signal also needs confirmation because nucleoplasmic localisation has uncertain support (UniProt P00966 topology; HPA: subcellular). A no-primary control helps identify endogenous enzyme or detection-system signal, while repeat staining and an independent assay can resolve ambiguous cellular patterns.
Boster reagents
Best ASS1 / Argininosuccinate synthase IHC Antibodies
Catalog antibodies have IHC images from human paraffin sections and IF/ICC images from HEPG2 or MCF-7 cells (catalog image captions). Listed reactivity covers human, mouse, rat and, for two clones, monkey (catalog applications/reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-ASS1 Antibody ® (monoclonal, 5I5)
Cat # M02212-1
Real IHC data
Anti-ASS1 Antibody ® (monoclonal, 7I9)
Cat # M02212-2
Real IHC data
Anti-ASS1 ® Antibody
Cat # A02212-1
M02212-1 has IHC images from human prostate, breast and colon cancers and rat liver; M02212-2 has images from human breast, liver, prostate and colon cancers (catalog IHC captions). A02212-1 has an IHC image from human pancreatic cancer, and all three have IF/ICC images from HEPG2 or MCF-7 cells (catalog image captions).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose the SKU with evidence closest to your tissue: M02212-1 for prostate, breast, colon or rat liver; M02212-2 for breast, liver, prostate or colon; or A02212-1 for pancreatic cancer (each SKU’s IHC captions). For IF/ICC, A02212-1 has a HEPG2 image at 2 μg/mL, while M02212-1 and M02212-2 each have a MCF-7 image at 5 μg/mL (each SKU’s IF caption). For cross-species planning, all three list human, mouse and rat reactivity, while the two mouse monoclonals also list monkey reactivity (catalog reactivity and clone fields); the fixative is unreported in their paraffin-section IHC captions (catalog IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P00966 (ASSY_HUMAN, Argininosuccinate synthase).
- Human Protein Atlas. ASS1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. ASS1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. ASS1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- A Phase 1 study of ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed in ASS1-negative metastatic uveal melanoma. Pigment cell & melanoma research 2022 — PMC9322321.
- Loss of Argininosuccinate Synthetase-1 (ASS1) Occurs in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Represents a Promising Biomarker for Therapy with Pegargiminase. Cancers 2025 — PMC12650347.
- Reduced expression of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 has a negative prognostic impact in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PloS one 2017 — PMC5302782.
- Differential expression of argininosuccinate synthetase in serous and non-serous ovarian carcinomas. The journal of pathology. Clinical research 2015 — PMC4858122.
- PubMed PMID:6194510 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:6321498 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11941481 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ASS1 (Argininosuccinate synthase). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02212-1). Validated IHC antibody: M02212-1 at 2μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Kidney (Bowman's capsule); negative Bone marrow. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human prostate cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02212-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02212-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02212-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M02212-1); 8. Primary antibody: Mouse monoclonal (clone 5I5) anti-ASS1, 2μg/ml (datasheet M02212-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02212-1). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M02212-1); Caveat: Staining and RNA have medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No annotated isoforms or signal/propeptide processing (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P00966, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet M02212-1, PMC12650347, PMC5302782. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ASS1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.