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ATP5F1B / ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit beta, mitochondrial · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ATP5F1B
Plan chromogenic ATP5F1B IHC in paraffin sections using the granular cytoplasmic pattern and kidney tubules as a high-staining control (HPA tissue IHC). The catalog antibody A32270-3 was demonstrated at 2 μg/mL with DAB detection (datasheet A32270-3).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ATP5F1B Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Granular cytoplasm across tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A32270-3) | |
| Positive control | Duodenum+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Skeletal myocytes stain low despite enhanced tissue RNA (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Regulation not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms; mature chain spans aa 48–529; map the epitope there (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ATP5F1B IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A32270-3) with the published ATP5F1B xenograft IHC protocol (PMC9868667).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A32270-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A32270-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A32270-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A32270-3) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ATP5F1B, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A32270-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A32270-3) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A32270-3) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ATP5F1B-positive staining in glandular cells of duodenum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General granular cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet A32270-3); the published excerpt does not specify retrieval (PMC9868667).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ATP5F1B Staining Pattern?
ATP5F1B should produce granular cytoplasmic IHC staining consistent with mitochondria: its F1 catalytic head is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P06576 topology; HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression). High staining is reported in several glandular cell populations, cardiomyocytes, kidney tubule cells, lung macrophages and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue profile Enhanced, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability description).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining is strong in kidney tubule cells, cardiomyocytes or pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, with a clean surrounding field. | This matches the reported compartment and high-staining cell populations (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; HPA: High in kidney tubule cells, cardiomyocytes and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells). Judge the expected pattern in identified cells, rather than treating every cell in the section as an equivalent positive control (general IHC practice). |
| The strongest signal is nuclear, extracellular or confined to section edges rather than granular cytoplasm. | That distribution conflicts with mitochondrial localization and the tissue IHC profile (UniProt P06576: mitochondrial inner membrane; HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression). Review morphology, counterstain and detection artifacts before assigning it to ATP5F1B (general IHC practice). The localization mismatch alone does not identify its cause. |
| Strong color appears mainly in cells other than the reported high-staining population in a selected tissue. | For example, the reported high signal in lung is in macrophages, while the reported high signal in liver is in cholangiocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Confirm cell identity and compare an antibody-omission control; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible, but cannot be diagnosed from color alone (general IHC practice). |
| Weak, diffuse color covers cells and blank spaces, obscuring individual cytoplasmic granules. | A broad haze is less interpretable than HPA's granular cytoplasmic profile (HPA: tissue IHC). Uneven washing, excess detection reagent or nonspecific antibody binding can produce background (general IHC practice). Evaluate the omission control and reagent handling before calling faint color a true low-level positive. |
| A known high-staining tissue shows no specific signal, while morphology remains readable. | Absence in kidney tubule cells, heart cardiomyocytes or duodenal glandular cells disagrees with their reported high staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Check antibody and detection controls, retrieval conditions and tissue preservation as general IHC troubleshooting steps; these data do not establish ATP5F1B-specific fixation sensitivity (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
💡Expected ATP5F1B appearanceCall a section positive when granular cytoplasmic color is clear in an identified high-staining population, such as kidney tubule cells or cardiomyocytes (HPA: tissue IHC); dominant nuclear, extracellular or uniform background color does not fit the reported mitochondrial pattern (UniProt P06576: mitochondrial inner membrane; HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression).
| Compartment and topology | ATP5F1B belongs to the soluble F1 catalytic head of mitochondrial ATP synthase, associated with the inner membrane; the beta subunit has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P06576: subunit and topology). In a chromogenic section, assess cytoplasmic granularity rather than expecting the inner membrane itself to be resolved (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; general IHC practice). |
| Cell population and tissue choice | HPA reports High staining in duodenal, fallopian tube and gallbladder glandular cells; cardiomyocytes; kidney tubule cells; liver cholangiocytes; lung macrophages; and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). These named populations offer interpretable positive references, while an unlabeled whole-tissue average can hide cell-specific signal (general IHC practice). |
| Low staining and RNA discordance | HPA records Low protein staining in thyroid glandular cells, skeletal muscle myocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes and splenic red-pulp cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Its RNA profile is tissue enhanced in skeletal muscle and tongue, yet skeletal muscle myocytes are Low by IHC (HPA: RNA specificity; HPA: Low in skeletal muscle myocytes). Do not substitute RNA enrichment for an expected IHC intensity. |
| Evidence strength across antibodies | The tissue IHC profile is Enhanced, although agreement between antibody staining and RNA is described as medium (HPA: reliability and reliability description). HPA lists IHC Enhanced for HPA001520 and HPA001528, and IHC Supported for CAB017527 (HPA: antibody validation). Record which antibody produced an unusual pattern before comparing it with the atlas profile (general IHC practice). |
| IF/ICC Q: what localization should be seen? | A: Mitochondrial staining is the expected IF/ICC localization (HPA: subcellular location, enhanced); HPA lists images from A-431, U-251MG, U2OS and sperm (HPA: ICC-IF image list). That cell-based observation supports the compartment interpretation, while tissue-section IHC intensity should be judged from the tissue IHC data (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No color in a selected high-staining population | The expected cell population may be absent from the section, or an IHC workflow step may have failed (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm the cells by morphology, then check a known-positive section and antibody, detection and retrieval steps (general IHC practice). Interpret retrieval changes as workflow checks, not an established ATP5F1B fixation effect. |
| Brown color persists in the antibody-omission control | Endogenous detection activity or detection-reagent background can create antibody-independent color (general chromogenic IHC practice). | Address the detection system's endogenous-activity blocking and inspect reagent background before scoring cells as ATP5F1B positive (general chromogenic IHC practice). |
| Nuclei dominate the signal | A nuclear pattern conflicts with ATP5F1B's reported mitochondrial location (UniProt P06576: mitochondrial inner membrane; HPA: subcellular location). | Compare counterstain and omission controls, inspect whether precipitate overlies nuclei, and reassess antibody specificity before interpreting the signal (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse haze hides cytoplasmic granules | Nonspecific binding or excess detection background may obscure the reported granular pattern (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Review blocking, antibody dilution, washes and detection exposure using the antibody's IHC instructions; require a discernible cell-associated pattern before scoring (general IHC practice). |
| A low-staining population appears as strong as the positive reference | For example, skeletal muscle myocytes are recorded Low despite skeletal-muscle RNA enhancement (HPA: tissue IHC and RNA specificity); background or cell misidentification remains possible (general IHC practice). | Verify cell identity, compare a reported High population, and use an omission control before revising the expected pattern (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Different antibodies produce conflicting cell patterns | Validation status differs across the listed antibodies, and the tissue profile has medium staining-to-RNA consistency (HPA: antibody validation and reliability description). | Document the antibody identifier and controls, compare the same cell population across sections, and qualify any conclusion that depends on one discordant stain (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ATP5F1B staining
A32270-3 · IHCIHC analysis of ATP5F1B using anti-ATP5F1B antibody (A32270-3). ATP5F1B was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human endometrial ade
A32270-3 · IHCIHC analysis of ATP5F1B using anti-ATP5F1B antibody (A32270-3). ATP5F1B was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human ovarian cancer
A32270-3 · IFIF analysis of ATP5F1B using anti-ATP5F1B antibody (A32270-3). ATP5F1B was detected in an immunocytochemical section of PC-3 cells. Enzyme a
A32270-2 · IHCFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human brain tissue reacted with ATP5B Antibody (Center), which was peroxidase-conjugated to the seconda
A32270-2 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded H. liver section using ATP5B Antibody (Center). A32270-2 was diluted at 1:25 dilution. A u
A32270-2 · IFFluorescent image of SK-BR-3 cells stained with ATP5B Antibody (Center). A32270-2 was diluted at 1:25 dilution. An Alexa Fluor 488-conjugate
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110955-ATP5F1B/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_586632
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110955-ATP5F1B/tissue/colon#imid_570230
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110955-ATP5F1B/tissue/liver#imid_586559
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000110955-ATP5F1B/tissue/kidney#imid_586560
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA001520; green = ATP5F1B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA001520; green = ATP5F1B, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ATP5F1B IHC & IF
🧪Run kidney first: tubular cells must stain (HPA: High in cells in tubules). HPA detects ATP5F1B in all 45 scored tissues, so there is no supported negative tissue; use no-primary and isotype controls, and expect nuclei to lack mitochondrial staining without treating any kidney cell type as a validated internal negative (HPA: no negative tissue rows; UniProt P06576: mitochondrion inner membrane).
Positive control tissue: Duodenum (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: ATP5F1B is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ATP5F1B in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, Sperm, with annotated localisation: Mitochondria (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only section and a rabbit IgG isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s clonality and concentration (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary and anti-rabbit secondary). A validated ATP5F1B knockout sample can test biological specificity; for kidney IHC, quench endogenous peroxidase and check for endogenous biotin if using a biotin-based detection system (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (selected-SKU caption). The caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required (selected-SKU caption). Neither frozen sections nor IF are shown to be easier; ICC-IF can check the expected mitochondrial pattern, while kidney requires attention to endogenous peroxidase and, with biotin-based detection, endogenous biotin (HPA: mitochondria enhanced; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ATP5F1B
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: ATP5F1B is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced ATP5F1B IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ATP5F1B staining in paraffin sections using its mitochondrial localisation, the catalog antibody’s tissue IHC conditions, and matched controls.
What retrieval should I try when ATP5F1B staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet A32270-3). The catalog antibody detected ATP5F1B in a paraffin section after this retrieval, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A32270-3). If staining remains weak, compare a different retrieval buffer on adjacent sections while keeping detection and exposure to chromogen consistent (standard IHC practice). Assess whether signal gains the expected granular cytoplasmic pattern rather than diffuse staining, and include a no-primary control to reveal retrieval-associated background (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak ATP5F1B staining in my paraffin sections?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected tissue IHC caption identifies a paraffin section but does not report its fixative (datasheet A32270-3). Record fixation conditions for each specimen and compare similarly processed sections before attributing a staining difference to ATP5F1B abundance (standard IHC practice). Apply the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml primary incubation consistently during that comparison (datasheet A32270-3). If staining varies with processing, assess tissue preservation and use a no-primary control; mitochondrial topology and modification annotations do not establish a fixation effect (UniProt P06576; standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing ATP5F1B staining appear in chromogenic IHC?
Expect a granular cytoplasmic pattern consistent with mitochondria, rather than a nuclear or cell-surface pattern (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; HPA: mitochondria). ATP5F1B belongs to the inner mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase complex, although its beta subunit has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P06576 topology and subunit). Examine staining within intact cell bodies at higher magnification and compare the pattern across cells in the same section (standard IHC practice). Strong nuclear staining or uniform extracellular deposit should prompt checks of retrieval, antibody concentration, and chromogen background before it is scored as ATP5F1B (HPA: mitochondria; standard IHC practice).
How should an unknown antibody epitope affect my interpretation of variable staining?
No ATP5F1B isoforms are listed in the supplied record, and the annotated mature chain spans residues 48–529 (UniProt P06576). The record also lists a glycosylation site at residue 106 and multiple modified residues, including alternate modifications at 124 and 133 (UniProt P06576). Without a mapped antibody epitope, those annotations cannot identify which modification or processing step changes staining (UniProt P06576; datasheet A32270-3). Compare retrieval conditions on adjacent sections and assess whether staining remains granular and cytoplasmic; avoid calling a changed pattern an isoform difference without independent evidence (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice).
How can I assess ATP5F1B by multiplex IF alongside this IHC guide?
For IF, pair ATP5F1B with a marker identifying the cell population under study and assess its expected mitochondrial pattern within those cells (HPA: mitochondria; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after examining unstained tissue autofluorescence, and reserve a spectrally separated channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). ATP5F1B is the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase F(1) head, so IF staining needs permeabilisation sufficient to expose an epitope inside mitochondria; the precise epitope is unspecified (UniProt P06576 subunit and topology; standard IF practice). Optimise fixation and permeabilisation with IF controls independently of the paraffin IHC conditions (datasheet A32270-3; standard IF practice).
How do I reduce diffuse brown background without losing ATP5F1B signal?
The selected paraffin IHC example used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and HRP/DAB detection (datasheet A32270-3). Start from those documented conditions, then compare lower primary exposure or stronger blocking on matched sections if background persists (datasheet A32270-3; standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary section and block endogenous peroxidase before HRP detection to identify non-antibody DAB signal (standard IHC practice). Judge adjustments by preservation of granular cytoplasmic staining in intact cells, while checking section edges and damaged areas for diffuse deposit (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice).
What should I measure when comparing ATP5F1B staining between sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue area before scoring, then measure either an H-score for cell staining intensity or the percentage of positive cells (standard IHC practice). If spatial burden matters, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue and exclude folds, necrosis, and section edges (standard IHC practice). Apply the same positivity threshold, retrieval, antibody incubation, DAB development, and imaging settings across the comparison (datasheet A32270-3; standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of evaluable cells or viable tissue area within the same annotated compartment, because HPA reports staining that differs among cell types (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish true ATP5F1B staining from tissue or detection artefacts?
A credible signal is granular and cytoplasmic in intact cells, consistent with ATP5F1B’s mitochondrial localisation (HPA: general granular cytoplasmic expression; HPA: mitochondria). Cell identity matters: HPA reports high staining in kidney tubular cells and lung macrophages, while staining is low in adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat predominantly nuclear staining, edge-restricted colour, and signal over necrotic tissue as reasons to inspect processing and DAB deposition before assigning positivity (HPA: mitochondria; standard IHC practice). Compare a no-primary control and confirm endogenous peroxidase blocking to distinguish HRP-related colour from antibody-dependent staining (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best ATP5F1B / ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit beta, mitochondrial IHC Antibodies
The catalog antibodies have human tissue IHC images and cell or tissue IF images (catalog image captions); A32270-3 also lists mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-ATP5F1B Antibody ®
Cat # A32270-3
Real IHC data
Anti-ATP5B Antibody (Center)
Cat # A32270-2
A32270-3 has IHC images from human paraffin sections of endometrial adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, placenta and rectal cancer, plus IF images from PC-3 cells and human paraffin sections (catalog image captions). A32270-2 has IHC images from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human brain and paraffin sections of human liver and small intestine, plus an IF image from SK-BR-3 cells (catalog image captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A32270-3 for its documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml staining on human paraffin sections; their fixative is unreported (A32270-3 IHC captions). Choose A32270-2 when a documented paraffin-section, paraffin-embedded human brain example or its 1:25 IHC-P dilution better matches the study (A32270-2 IHC captions; catalog dilution); its liver and small-intestine captions report paraffin sections without specifying fixative (A32270-2 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, A32270-3 lists both applications and has cell and tissue IF images, while A32270-2 lists IF and has a cell IF image; for mouse or rat tissue, A32270-3 lists reactivity and IHC use in those species, though its supplied IHC images are human (catalog applications and reactivity; catalog image captions). The selected A32270-3 tissue-IHC caption documents paraffin sections, but does not specify the fixative (selected-SKU IHC image A32270-3).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P06576 (ATPB_HUMAN, ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit beta, mitochondrial).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATP5F1B tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATP5F1B subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the mitochondria..
- Human Protein Atlas. ATP5F1B antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- 1,4-dihydroxy quininib modulates the secretome of uveal melanoma tumour explants and a marker of oxidative phosphorylation in a metastatic xenograft model. Frontiers in medicine 2022 — PMC9868667.
- PubMed PMID:2687158 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:2900241 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:2870059 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ATP5F1B (ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit beta, mitochondrial). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A32270-3). Validated IHC antibody: A32270-3 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Duodenum (Glandular cells); negative None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A32270-3); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A32270-3); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A32270-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A32270-3); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ATP5F1B, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A32270-3); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A32270-3). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Skeletal myocytes stain low despite enhanced tissue RNA (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms; mature chain spans aa 48–529 ; map the epitope there (UniProt); Regulation: Regulation not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P06576, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · mitochondria., Datasheet A32270-3, PMC9868667. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ATP5F1B/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.