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AXIN2 / Axin-2 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for AXIN2
Plan AXIN2 paraffin IHC using colon glandular cells with high staining and prostate glandular cells with low staining (HPA tissue IHC). The IHC-validated antibody A01772-2 has a recommended concentration of 2–5 μg/mL (datasheet A01772-2); assess cytoplasmic and nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
AXIN2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasm expected; nuclei also observed (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | General cytoplasmic and nuclear staining; high in glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01772-2) | |
| Positive control | Breast+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining and RNA have medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation not specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | One full-length chain; no isoforms reported (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended AXIN2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A01772-2) appears alongside published AXIN2 IHC protocols for rat lung (PMC3174135), human oral tissue (PMC3934066), and human osteosarcoma with adjacent bone (PMC8464802).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human renal carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01772-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01772-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01772-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01772-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-AXIN2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A01772-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01772-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A01772-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | AXIN2-positive staining in adipocytes of breast (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A01772-2). The oral tissue and osteosarcoma protocols used citrate retrieval (PMC3934066; PMC8464802).
Section 2
What Is the Expected AXIN2 Staining Pattern?
AXIN2 is a cytoplasmic protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology). In paraffin IHC, expect cytoplasmic staining with possible nuclear staining in the relevant cells (HPA tissue IHC: general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression). HPA reports high staining in several cell populations, including colon glandular cells and lung macrophages (HPA tissue IHC: High). Its tissue IHC profile is Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC).
| Colon or duodenal glandular cells show clear cytoplasmic staining, with or without a nuclear component (HPA tissue IHC: High; general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression). | This matches a reported high staining cell population and the broad IHC compartment pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Compare cells within the section before assigning intensity; HPA's High category describes the reported pattern, not a required score for every specimen (HPA tissue IHC: High). |
| Signal is confined to extracellular deposits or tissue-free spaces, while intact cells lack staining (UniProt Q9Y2T1: cytoplasm; HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic and nuclear). | That distribution does not fit the reported cellular pattern (UniProt Q9Y2T1; HPA tissue IHC). Check section edges, precipitate and detection controls before calling AXIN2 positive (general IHC practice). Nuclear staining alone needs closer review because nuclear expression is reported in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strong staining appears mainly in oral mucosal or esophageal squamous cells (HPA tissue IHC: Low), instead of the expected high staining cells on the same run (HPA tissue IHC: High). | The distribution conflicts with those HPA tissue examples, but Low does not mean absent (HPA tissue IHC: Low). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; compare a matched control and cell morphology before interpreting the contrast (general IHC practice). |
| A uniform brown haze covers many cell types and blank spaces, obscuring cell boundaries (general chromogenic IHC practice). | The haze prevents assessment of the cellular cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern reported for AXIN2 (HPA tissue IHC). Review blocking, washes, detection chemistry and section quality with a negative control (general IHC practice); the haze alone cannot establish AXIN2 expression. |
| No convincing signal appears in colon glandular cells or lung macrophages (HPA tissue IHC: High). | An expected high staining population has failed to show the reported pattern (HPA tissue IHC). First check tissue preservation, retrieval, antibody and detection controls (general IHC practice). HPA's Approved rating has medium staining to RNA consistency, so an individual negative section is not decisive (HPA tissue IHC). |
💡Expected AXIN2 appearanceCall the result convincing when the relevant cells show distinct cytoplasmic staining, with possible nuclear staining, and a high staining reference population is clearly visible; diffuse acellular colour is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression; High in colon glandular cells; general IHC practice).
| Cell compartment and topology (UniProt Q9Y2T1; HPA tissue IHC) | UniProt places AXIN2 in the cytoplasm and lists no transmembrane segment; HPA tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. Judge signal against cell boundaries and nuclei, rather than requiring membrane staining (UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Choice of tissue and cell population (HPA tissue IHC) | Colon and duodenal glandular cells, cerebral cortical neurons and lung macrophages are reported High; oral and esophageal squamous cells are Low (HPA tissue IHC). Identify the scored cell population before comparing sections; these categories do not make every other cell negative (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strength of IHC evidence (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies) | The tissue profile is Approved with medium staining to RNA consistency; CAB012283 and CAB017783 are each listed as IHC Approved (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). Treat unexpected staining as a finding to verify, rather than assuming the profile proves specificity in every specimen. |
| Processing and isoform record (UniProt Q9Y2T1) | UniProt lists one chain spanning residues 1–843, no signal peptide or propeptide, and no recorded isoforms (UniProt Q9Y2T1). The supplied record gives no epitope position, so it cannot predict which retrieval condition or compartment an antibody will favour. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: Should fluorescence reproduce every IHC compartment? (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies) | No. HPA supports cytosol in ICC-IF, while nucleoplasm and plasma membrane are marked uncertain; CAB017783 has ICC Uncertain status and CAB012283 has no ICC status listed (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). Interpret IF/ICC on its separate evidence and guide page. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A high staining reference population is blank, such as colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). | Tissue condition, retrieval, antibody incubation or detection may have failed (general IHC practice); HPA provides no AXIN2 specific fixation sensitivity claim. | Review run controls, section quality, retrieval and detection steps, then repeat with a documented IHC condition if needed (general IHC practice). Do not infer absent AXIN2 from the failed control. |
| Brown colour blankets cells and acellular areas (general chromogenic IHC practice). | Excess detection background, incomplete blocking or inadequate washing can obscure localisation (general IHC practice). | Inspect the negative control and detection only control; adjust blocking, washes and development within the assay instructions (general IHC practice). Reassess whether intact cells show the HPA cytoplasmic or nuclear pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Colour is concentrated at tissue edges or in extracellular debris (general IHC practice). | Edge artefact or chromogen deposit can mimic a positive area (general IHC practice); it does not match the reported cellular AXIN2 pattern (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare intact central tissue, morphology and a negative control before scoring; exclude deposits without a corresponding cellular pattern (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Low category squamous epithelium stains strongly (HPA tissue IHC: Low in oral mucosa and esophagus). | Specificity or endogenous detection activity is possible, though Low is not equivalent to zero expression (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare high staining reference cells and appropriate detection controls, then document the cell type and intensity rather than declaring a false positive from category alone (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| A slide looks exclusively nuclear or exclusively membrane associated (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). | Tissue IHC permits nuclear expression, whereas plasma membrane localisation is uncertain in ICC-IF; an exclusive pattern needs context (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). | Verify cell boundaries and counterstained nuclei, compare the negative control and another reported high staining population, and record the observed compartment (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Two antibody stains disagree on the same tissue (HPA antibodies: CAB012283 and CAB017783 IHC Approved). | Differences in reagent performance or assay conditions can produce discordant stains (general IHC practice); Approved status does not resolve a specific disagreement (HPA antibodies). | Compare the same cell populations, controls and detection conditions, then report the discordance instead of selecting the stronger stain as proof (general IHC practice; HPA antibodies). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing AXIN2 staining
A01772-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Axin 2/AXIN2 using anti-Axin 2/AXIN2 antibody (A01772-2). Axin 2/AXIN2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human
A01772-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Axin 2/AXIN2 using anti-Axin 2/AXIN2 antibody (A01772-2). Axin 2/AXIN2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human
A01772 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of AXIN2 in rat lung tissue with AXIN2 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
A01772 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of AXIN2 in mouse lung tissue with AXIN2 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
A01772 · IFImmunofluorescence of AXIN2 in Rat Lung cells with AXIN2 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168646-AXIN2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_4510428
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168646-AXIN2/tissue/colon#imid_4510362
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168646-AXIN2/tissue/liver#imid_4510355
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168646-AXIN2/tissue/kidney#imid_4510364
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB017783; green = AXIN2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB017783; green = AXIN2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for AXIN2 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first and score glandular cells, where HPA reports high AXIN2 staining (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). HPA detects AXIN2 in all 45 scored tissues, so there is no HPA-supported negative tissue; use no-primary and isotype controls, and judge unstained areas within the colon section as background controls only after checking their cell identity (HPA: no negative rows; detected in all 45 scored tissues).
Positive control tissue: Breast (Adipocytes, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: AXIN2 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show AXIN2 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (uncertain), Plasma membrane (uncertain), Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only section and a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control; use AXIN2 knockout material or peptide blocking, if available, to assess target specificity (caption: rabbit primary antibody; standard IHC controls). Block endogenous peroxidase before HRP–DAB detection in colon tissue (HPA: colon glandular cells; caption: HRP–DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: Paraffin-section IHC is documented with heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but the caption does not report a fixative, and the supplied evidence reports neither a target-specific fixation window nor a demonstrated retrieval dependency (caption: paraffin section, EDTA pH 8.0; fixative unreported). ICC–IF images support cytosolic localisation, but the supplied evidence does not establish that IF or frozen sections are easier than paraffin IHC (HPA: cytosol supported; UniProt: cytoplasm). In colon, assess glandular staining against adjacent tissue background and check for endogenous peroxidase signal in the no-primary control (HPA: High in colon glandular cells; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for AXIN2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: AXIN2 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced AXIN2 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot AXIN2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, tissue handling, signal location, controls, and scoring before interpreting pathway activity.
Which retrieval conditions should I try first for weak AXIN2 staining in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for AXIN2 paraffin-section IHC (datasheet A01772-2). The selected tissue caption uses that retrieval before 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, providing a documented starting combination (caption A01772-2). If staining remains weak, adjust heating duration in small steps and compare sections processed together while keeping antibody concentration and detection constant (general IHC practice). Include a known positive section and a no-primary control in each comparison so stronger background is not mistaken for recovered antigen (general IHC practice). Record heating, cooling, and section-loss observations because excessive retrieval can compromise morphology and scoring (general IHC practice).
Could fixation explain inconsistent AXIN2 staining between paraffin blocks?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative, so AXIN2-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (caption A01772-2). Record the fixative, time to fixation, fixation duration, processing schedule, and section thickness for each block before comparing signal (general IHC practice). Routine 10% neutral-buffered formalin may provide a consistent starting workflow, but its suitability for this antibody must be checked experimentally (general IHC practice). Compare blocks using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection conditions to limit processing differences (datasheet A01772-2; general IHC practice). If morphology and staining both vary, repeat staining with matched controls before attributing the difference to AXIN2 abundance (general IHC practice).
Should AXIN2 staining be cytoplasmic, nuclear, or at the cell boundary?
Prioritize cytoplasmic signal when reviewing AXIN2 IHC because UniProt lists AXIN2 in the cytoplasm and HPA supports a cytosolic location (UniProt Q9Y2T1; HPA subcellular). Nuclear staining can occur in tissue IHC, although HPA describes nucleoplasmic localization as uncertain in its subcellular assessment (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). HPA also calls plasma-membrane localization uncertain, while UniProt reports no transmembrane segment (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology). Score cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately and compare each with cell identity, morphology, and controls (general IHC practice). Treat an exclusively sharp extracellular rim as suspect until independent staining or another antibody supports it (general IHC practice; UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology).
How can I assess whether an epitope issue causes weak AXIN2 IHC?
The supplied record lists no AXIN2 isoforms, and the selected caption does not identify the antibody epitope (UniProt Q9Y2T1; caption A01772-2). AXIN2 contains an RGS domain at residues 81–200 and a DIX domain at 761–843, but neither range establishes where this antibody binds (UniProt Q9Y2T1). Ask for the immunogen or epitope specification before linking a staining difference to either domain (general antibody-validation practice). Its lack of a signal peptide or transmembrane segment supports treating access to intracellular antigen as relevant, without predicting this antibody’s fixation sensitivity (UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology). If an independent antibody is available, compare matched sections and compartment patterns alongside appropriate negative controls (general IHC practice).
What should I check when comparing AXIN2 IHC with multiplex IF?
Use the separate IF/ICC guide to establish IF conditions; the 2 μg/ml overnight incubation is documented for paraffin-section chromogenic IHC, not IF validation (caption A01772-2). Multiplex AXIN2 with a marker defining the cell population under study, such as a macrophage marker when examining lung, where HPA reports high macrophage staining (HPA tissue IHC). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and compare unstained tissue across channels to identify autofluorescence before assigning a weak AXIN2 signal (general IF practice). Because AXIN2 is cytosolic and has no transmembrane segment, test permeabilisation for intracellular access while checking that morphology and the companion marker remain interpretable (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q9Y2T1 topology; general IF practice).
How do I distinguish AXIN2 signal from chromogenic background?
The selected IHC caption used 10% goat serum blocking, a peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary, and DAB development (caption A01772-2). Include a no-primary section and inspect it for secondary binding, endogenous peroxidase activity, and pigment before scoring AXIN2 (general IHC practice). Apply an endogenous peroxidase block and control DAB development time consistently across specimens; these are general chromogenic workflow steps, not AXIN2-specific evidence (general IHC practice). If diffuse staining rises with the primary, titrate around the caption’s 2 μg/ml condition while keeping retrieval and exposure matched (caption A01772-2; general IHC practice). Review viable tissue and section edges separately because damaged areas can collect nonspecific stain (general IHC practice).
How should I quantify AXIN2 IHC across samples with different cell mixtures? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored cell population and compartment before analysis because HPA reports both cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). For each compartment, record the percentage of viable target cells at intensity 0–3 and calculate an H-score from 0–300 (general IHC scoring practice). If cell abundance differs markedly, also report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue or the percentage of positive cells within the defined population (general IHC scoring practice). Normalize counts to that population or viable area, and exclude necrosis and folds using the same rule for every section (general IHC practice). Keep retrieval, DAB development, imaging, and thresholds consistent across batches (general IHC practice).
When should I doubt an apparent AXIN2-positive result?
A credible result has interpretable cellular staining and appropriate controls; cytoplasmic signal is supported by UniProt and HPA, while HPA also reports nuclear tissue staining (UniProt Q9Y2T1; HPA tissue IHC). Check cell identity: HPA reports high staining in lung macrophages and colon glandular cells, so mixed populations should not be scored as one group (HPA tissue IHC). Question signal confined to section edges, necrotic areas, pigment, or a no-primary control, which can reflect staining artefacts or endogenous enzyme activity (general IHC practice). HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Approved but reports medium consistency with RNA expression, so one stained section does not establish pathway activity (HPA tissue IHC). Compare viable matched regions and independent controls before interpreting a biological difference (general IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best AXIN2 / Axin-2 IHC Antibodies
AXIN2 antibodies have IHC images from human paraffin sections and mouse and rat lung tissue, plus IF images from rat lung cells, mouse lung tissue and HepG2 cells (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Axin 2/AXIN2 Antibody ®
Cat # A01772-2
Real IHC data
Anti-Axin-2 AXIN2 Antibody
Cat # A01772
A01772-2 has IHC images from human renal carcinoma, spleen and thyroid cancer paraffin sections (A01772-2 IHC captions). A01772 has IHC images from rat and mouse lung tissue and IF images from rat lung cells, mouse lung tissue and HepG2 cells (A01772 IHC/IF captions).
Which to pick: For human paraffin-section IHC, choose A01772-2: its renal carcinoma image documents EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 2 μg/ml primary antibody; the fixative is unreported (A01772-2 IHC caption). For IF, choose A01772, which lists IF and has cellular and tissue IF images at 20 μg/mL (A01772 applications and IF captions). For work across human, mouse and rat, A01772 lists all three as reactive, while its pictured IHC results cover mouse and rat lung tissue (A01772 reactivity and IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9Y2T1 (AXIN2_HUMAN, Axin-2).
- Human Protein Atlas. AXIN2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. AXIN2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm, plasma membrane and cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. AXIN2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-induced pulmonary fibrosis in healthy lungs. PloS one 2011 — PMC3174135.
- Expression of β-catenin and AXIN2 in ameloblastomas. Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) 2013 — PMC3934066.
- Niclosamide and Pyrvinium Are Both Potential Therapeutics for Osteosarcoma, Inhibiting Wnt-Axin2-Snail Cascade. Cancers 2021 — PMC8464802.
- Beneficial effects of an endogenous enrichment in n3-PUFAs on Wnt signaling are associated with attenuation of alcohol-mediated liver disease in mice. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2021 — PMC8243414.
- PubMed PMID:10049590 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16625196 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for AXIN2 (Axin-2). Expected localisation Cytoplasm expected; nuclei also observed (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01772-2). Validated IHC antibody: A01772-2 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Breast (Adipocytes); negative None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human renal carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01772-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01772-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01772-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01772-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-AXIN2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A01772-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01772-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody staining and RNA have medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: One full-length chain; no isoforms reported (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation not specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9Y2T1, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm, plasma membrane and cytosol., Datasheet A01772-2, PMC3174135, PMC3934066. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/AXIN2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.