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BCAT2 / Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BCAT2
Plan BCAT2 IHC in paraffin sections using the granular cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC) and its mitochondrial location as a molecular expectation (UniProt). This guide covers control selection, antibody use and staining assessment.
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BCAT2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Widespread granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06369-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06369-1) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Staining-linked regulation unspecified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Two isoforms (A/B); verify epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BCAT2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A06369-1) is paired with a published paraffin-heart IHC protocol (PMC8945524: Methods).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human colon adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06369-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06369-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06369-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A06369-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-BCAT2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A06369-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A06369-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A06369-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BCAT2-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression with a granular pattern. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet: A06369-1); the published heart protocol does not specify retrieval (PMC8945524: Methods).
Section 2
What Is the Expected BCAT2 Staining Pattern?
BCAT2 is mitochondrial and has no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt O15382 localization and topology). In paraffin IHC, expect granular cytoplasmic staining in many cell types, including strongly stained glandular cells of colon and breast (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret this pattern with the HPA tissue IHC reliability rating of Enhanced, which carries medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in colon glandular cells, with little nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O15382 localization). | This fits the reported high staining in colon glandular cells and ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic profile (HPA tissue IHC). Cytoplasmic granules are compatible with mitochondrial localization, although chromogenic IHC alone does not prove organelle identity (UniProt O15382 localization; general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining on a chromogenic section. | This departs from the expected mitochondrial, granular cytoplasmic IHC pattern (UniProt O15382 localization; HPA tissue IHC). Check whether the signal follows nuclei across unrelated cell types and compare it with a negative detection control before assigning it to BCAT2 (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or skeletal muscle myocytes. | HPA reports BCAT2 as not detected in those specific cell types, so strong signal there needs scrutiny (HPA tissue IHC). Review morphology and controls for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; an unexpected stain alone cannot identify its cause (general IHC practice). |
| Uniform color over cells and extracellular areas, obscuring granules. | A diffuse haze prevents assessment of the reported granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Uneven washing, excess detection reagent, or endogenous activity can cause background in chromogenic IHC; evaluate a negative detection control and reagent conditions (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in glandular cells of a colon section. | Colon glandular cells are a reported high-staining comparator (HPA tissue IHC). An absent result could reflect an assay failure, tissue quality, or variation from the reference pattern; check section morphology and same-run controls before calling BCAT2 absent (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected BCAT2 appearanceA convincing IHC-positive result is high, granular cytoplasmic staining in colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC), consistent with mitochondrial BCAT2 (UniProt O15382 localization); broad nuclear or extracellular color is a suspect pattern requiring controls (general IHC practice).
| Cell-type comparator | Use glandular cells of colon, breast, or appendix as reported high-staining comparators; adipocytes and skeletal muscle myocytes are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Compare the named cell types, since a whole tissue can contain several cell populations (general IHC practice). |
| Antibody evidence | The listed antibody HPA054091 has Enhanced IHC validation, and the tissue profile has an Enhanced reliability rating with medium RNA–staining consistency (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). These ratings support a reference pattern, but do not make every positive pixel specific (general IHC practice). |
| Protein processing and topology | UniProt annotates a mitochondrial protein without a transmembrane segment and a mature chain spanning residues 28–392 (UniProt O15382 topology and processing). These annotations support an intracellular localization expectation; they do not locate the antibody epitope or predict retrieval response. |
| Isoforms and epitope | UniProt lists two isoforms, A and B (UniProt O15382 isoforms). The supplied record does not map an IHC epitope to either isoform, so staining intensity cannot be assigned to a specific isoform from these data alone. |
| IF/ICC Q&A | Q: Should IF show only mitochondria? A: HPA reports supported mitochondrial and uncertain nucleoplasmic localization in ICC-IF (HPA subcellular). Assess IF localization separately from paraffin IHC; the supplied evidence does not establish an IF protocol or make nuclear-only IHC a positive call. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known high-staining glandular cells show no signal (HPA tissue IHC). | The assay or section may have failed; the supplied sources give no BCAT2-specific fixation or retrieval sensitivity. | Verify tissue morphology and a same-run positive control; review retrieval and detection against the chosen IHC method (general IHC practice). |
| Expected cytoplasmic granules are weak or difficult to resolve (HPA tissue IHC). | Subtle signal can be hard to distinguish from counterstain or background in chromogenic sections (general IHC practice). | Compare with a reported high-staining cell type and a negative detection control; adjust imaging and scoring consistently (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Nuclei dominate the stain while cytoplasm is faint. | The pattern conflicts with mitochondrial localization and the reported granular cytoplasmic IHC profile (UniProt O15382 localization; HPA tissue IHC). | Check a negative detection control and examine whether nuclear color tracks multiple unrelated cell types before accepting the result (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or skeletal muscle myocytes stain strongly. | These cell types are reported as not detected, making cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity possible explanations (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity on the counterstained section, then compare with a negative detection control and reported high-staining cells (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Color spreads into stroma or covers cells uniformly. | Diffuse background can obscure the granular cytoplasmic profile; its exact source cannot be inferred from appearance alone (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Inspect control sections, washing, blocking, and chromogen development under the chosen IHC method (general IHC practice). |
| Results differ among ostensibly positive tissue samples. | HPA calls the profile ubiquitous but reports medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA data; cell composition also affects what is visible (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Score the named cell population, document intensity and granularity, and compare sections processed in the same run (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BCAT2 staining
A06369-1 · IHCIHC analysis of BCAT2 using anti-BCAT2 antibody (A06369-1). BCAT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human colon adenocarcinoma
A06369-1 · IHCIHC analysis of BCAT2 using anti-BCAT2 antibody (A06369-1). BCAT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. H
A06369-1 · IFIF analysis of BCAT2 using anti-BCAT2 antibody (A06369-1). BCAT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer tiss
PA1502 · IHCIHC analysis of BCAT2 using anti-BCAT2 antibody (PA1502). BCAT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human ovarian cancer tissue.
PA1502 · IHCAnti-BCAT2 antibody, PA1502, IHC(P) IHC(P): Human Colon Cancer Tissue
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105552-BCAT2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_16186039
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105552-BCAT2/tissue/colon#imid_16185957
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105552-BCAT2/tissue/liver#imid_16185950
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105552-BCAT2/tissue/kidney#imid_16185951
HPA · ICC-IF A-549Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-549, antibody HPA054091; green = BCAT2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-549Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-549, antibody HPA054091; green = BCAT2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BCAT2 IHC & IF
🧪Run bronchus first: respiratory epithelial cells should stain strongly (HPA: High in bronchus respiratory epithelial cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator because adipocytes are listed as not detected (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the bronchus slide, use adjacent nonepithelial cells as a background reference, without assuming they are BCAT2-negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show BCAT2 in A-549, RT-4, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (uncertain), Mitochondria (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) slide, a host-matched rabbit IgG isotype control matched to the catalog antibody’s clonality, and a BCAT2 knockout specimen if available (caption: rabbit primary antibody; standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection and check the no-primary slide for background staining (caption: peroxidase secondary and DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: The selected IHC-P caption reports heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and a primary concentration of 2 μg/ml, but gives no fixative (caption: A06369-1); a target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported in the supplied evidence. ICC-IF images exist for A-549, RT-4 and U2OS, with mitochondrial localisation supported, but the evidence does not establish whether IF or frozen sections are easier than paraffin IHC (HPA: subcellular). Assess bronchus background with the no-primary control; no bronchus-specific artefact is reported in the supplied evidence.
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BCAT2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BCAT2 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot BCAT2 chromogenic IHC by checking retrieval, compartment, cell type and controls before comparing staining across sections.
How should I retrieve BCAT2 in paraffin sections when staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A06369-1). The selected BCAT2 image used this retrieval before overnight incubation with 2 μg/ml primary antibody at 4°C (caption A06369-1). Keep section thickness, heating and cooling consistent across comparison slides, and include a positive control with glandular cells (standard IHC practice; HPA: High in colon glandular cells). If signal remains weak, optimize heating time on adjacent sections before changing buffer, while checking that tissue has not detached or lost morphology (standard IHC practice). Record the retrieval condition with each staining run so intensity differences can be interpreted (standard IHC practice).
Can I infer BCAT2 fixation tolerance from the published paraffin staining?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative, so BCAT2-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (caption A06369-1). Record each specimen’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare sections processed with the same retrieval and detection settings (standard IHC practice; datasheet A06369-1: EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval). Use morphology and a control section to distinguish poor tissue preservation from a staining failure (standard IHC practice; HPA: High in colon glandular cells). If fixation histories differ, optimize retrieval separately and avoid treating a darker section as evidence of more BCAT2 (standard IHC practice). Neither mitochondrial localisation nor the annotated modifications establish how fixation affects this epitope (UniProt O15382: mitochondrion, modified residues).
What BCAT2 staining pattern should count as plausible in tissue?
Expect predominantly granular cytoplasmic staining in interpretable cells (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression with a granular pattern; UniProt O15382: mitochondrion). Supported mitochondrial localisation makes a punctate pattern more persuasive than uniform nuclear chromogen alone (HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported, nucleoplasm uncertain). Assess the pattern at high magnification alongside preserved cell boundaries and a light nuclear counterstain (standard IHC practice). High staining in colon glandular cells offers a tissue control, whereas HPA reports BCAT2 undetected in skeletal-muscle myocytes (HPA tissue IHC: High in colon glandular cells; Not detected in skeletal-muscle myocytes). Treat a nuclear-only result as unresolved until antibody and detection controls exclude nonspecific staining (HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm uncertain; standard IHC practice).
Could epitope placement or BCAT2 isoforms explain inconsistent IHC staining?
BCAT2 has 2 annotated isoforms, A and B, while the supplied antibody caption does not identify its epitope (UniProt O15382: isoforms A and B; caption A06369-1). The annotated mature chain spans residues 28–392, so check any available immunogen sequence against that region before interpreting isoform coverage (UniProt O15382: chain 28–392; standard IHC practice). Annotated modifications at lysines 229 and 321 are possible considerations only if an epitope overlaps them (UniProt O15382: modified residues; standard IHC practice). BCAT2 has no annotated transmembrane segment, but that does not establish accessibility of an unspecified epitope after processing (UniProt O15382: topology; standard IHC practice). Document the antibody’s mapped epitope, if supplied, before attributing different staining patterns to isoforms (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve ambiguous BCAT2 staining in tissue?
Use IF as a complementary localisation check, pairing BCAT2 with a marker for the cells being evaluated, such as glandular epithelial cells in colon (HPA tissue IHC: High in colon glandular cells; standard IF practice). Add a mitochondrial marker in a separate channel to assess spatial overlap, since mitochondrial localisation is supported (HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported; standard IF practice). Select fluorophores after inspecting tissue autofluorescence and reserve a spectrally distinct channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). BCAT2 lacks an annotated transmembrane segment, but its antibody epitope and membrane-facing side are unspecified; optimize permeabilisation against the compartment the mapped epitope occupies (UniProt O15382: topology and mitochondrion; standard IF practice). Include single-channel controls to identify bleed-through (standard IF practice).
What should I change when BCAT2 DAB staining becomes diffuse or widespread?
First compare the section with a no-primary control to identify detection background (standard IHC practice). The selected protocol used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and a peroxidase-linked secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C (caption A06369-1). Apply a peroxidase block before chromogenic detection and limit DAB development consistently across slides (standard IHC practice). If background persists, titrate primary concentration and assess washes while preserving the granular cytoplasmic pattern expected for BCAT2 (standard IHC practice; HPA: ubiquitous granular cytoplasmic expression). Interpret diffuse edge staining cautiously when it also appears in controls (standard IHC practice).
How should I score BCAT2 IHC across samples with different cell mixtures? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Score defined cell populations separately, because HPA reports High staining in colon glandular cells but no detection in skeletal-muscle myocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Within each population, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score based on staining intensity, using the same thresholds across slides (standard IHC practice). Normalize counts to eligible, intact cells or the measured tissue area, and exclude folds and necrotic regions before scoring (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, antibody concentration and DAB development matched across comparison runs; the selected protocol specifies EDTA pH 8.0 and 2 μg/ml primary antibody (caption A06369-1; standard IHC practice). Report granular cytoplasmic signal separately from nuclear signal (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasmic expression; HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm uncertain).
How do I distinguish genuine BCAT2 positivity from staining artefact?
Favor granular cytoplasmic staining in intact cells, consistent with the HPA tissue pattern and supported mitochondrial localisation (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasmic expression; HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported). Confirm that expected cell populations stain appropriately: HPA reports High signal in colon glandular cells and no detection in skeletal-muscle myocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Nuclear-only staining needs further validation because the HPA nucleoplasmic assignment is uncertain (HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm uncertain). Compare tissue edges and necrotic areas with the no-primary control, and check peroxidase blocking if DAB appears without primary antibody (standard IHC practice). A positive stain supports antigen detection under these conditions; it does not measure BCAT2 catalytic activity (UniProt O15382: aminotransferase function; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best BCAT2 / Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial IHC Antibodies
Two anti-BCAT2 antibodies have human paraffin-section IHC images; one also has a human paraffin-section IF image (catalog image captions). Catalog reactivity includes mouse, rat, and monkey, without IHC images for those species (catalog reactivity; IHC image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-BCAT2 Antibody ®
Cat # A06369-1
Real IHC data
Anti-BCAT2 Antibody ®
Cat # PA1502
A06369-1 has human colon adenocarcinoma IHC and human intestinal cancer IF images; its listed reactivity is human, mouse, and rat (A06369-1 image captions; catalog reactivity). PA1502 has human ovarian cancer IHC images and lists IF/ICC among its applications, with human and monkey reactivity (PA1502 image caption; catalog applications and reactivity).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A06369-1 for the pictured human colon adenocarcinoma section or PA1502 for the pictured human ovarian cancer section; both captions describe paraffin sections with EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, and neither reports the fixative (A06369-1 and PA1502 IHC image captions). For IF, A06369-1 has a human tissue image; for ICC, PA1502 lists that application, though it has no IF/ICC image in this payload (A06369-1 IF image caption; PA1502 catalog applications and image payload). For other species, A06369-1 lists mouse and rat and PA1502 lists monkey, but their pictured IHC evidence is human only; both are rabbit antibodies with no clone reported (catalog reactivity, host, and clone fields; IHC image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O15382 (BCAT2_HUMAN, Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCAT2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCAT2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm and mitochondria..
- Human Protein Atlas. BCAT2 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Identification and validation of the protective gene BCAT2 related to amino acid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical and experimental medicine 2026 — PMC12909457.
- BCAT2 binding to PCBP1 regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit autophagy-related apoptosis and ferroptosis in prostate cancer. Cell death & disease 2025 — PMC12022009.
- Ruscogenin Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Induced Ferroptosis through the Activation of BCAT1/BCAT2. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2022 — PMC8945524.
- Triple-negative breast cancer and ferroptosis: expression profiling of key regulatory genes. Archives of medical science : AMS 2025 — PMC12703477.
- PubMed PMID:9165094 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11170829 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BCAT2 (Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06369-1). Validated IHC antibody: A06369-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human colon adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06369-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06369-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06369-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A06369-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-BCAT2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A06369-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A06369-1). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06369-1); Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Two isoforms (A/B); verify epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Staining-linked regulation unspecified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O15382, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm and mitochondria., Datasheet A06369-1, PMC8945524. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BCAT2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.