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BDKRB2 / B2 bradykinin receptor · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BDKRB2
Plan BDKRB2 paraffin-section IHC using the cytoplasmic tissue pattern reported in CNS and the receptor’s membrane topology (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Compare neuronal staining with cells reported as not detected, and interpret intensity cautiously because antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BDKRB2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in CNS neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03117) | |
| Positive control | Caudate+3 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Staining regulation is not specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; extracellular versus cytoplasmic epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BDKRB2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by two published chromogenic BDKRB2 IHC protocols: human amnion and rat paraffin sections (PMC9130483; PMC8275397).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03117) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03117); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M03117) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone AFAG-2) anti-BDKRB2, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet M03117) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03117) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M03117) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BDKRB2-positive staining in neuronal cells of caudate (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in a group of tissues, including CNS. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet M03117); neither published protocol specifies a retrieval method (PMC9130483; PMC8275397).
Section 2
What Is the Expected BDKRB2 Staining Pattern?
BDKRB2 is a seven-pass cell-membrane receptor (UniProt P30411 topology). In tissue IHC, HPA reports cytoplasmic staining in a group of tissues, including neuronal cells in the caudate and cerebral cortex (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates its tissue staining “Approved,” while noting low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC reliability). Interpret compartment and tissue together rather than treating either observation alone as proof of specificity.
| Strong cytoplasmic staining in caudate or cerebral-cortex neuronal cells. | This matches the reported High neuronal staining in both tissues (HPA tissue IHC). A visible cell boundary is compatible with receptor localization at the membrane (UniProt P30411 subcellular location), but membrane outlining is not required by the reported tissue IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, with little signal in neuronal cytoplasm. | Nuclear-only staining does not match the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC) or cell-membrane localization (UniProt P30411). Treat it as suspect and check control sections, counterstain, and detection background before assigning BDKRB2 positivity (general IHC practice). |
| Strong signal in cells listed as unstained by HPA, such as adipocytes or bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. | HPA reports BDKRB2 as not detected in these specified cells (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected signal may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; compare negative controls and tissue context before interpreting it as target staining (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse chromogen across cells and surrounding tissue, without clear cell-specific staining. | A widespread haze obscures the reported cell-specific pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Consider nonspecific antibody binding or detection background, then review blocking, washes, chromogen development, and a no-primary control (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in neuronal cells of caudate or cerebral cortex. | This conflicts with HPA’s High staining in those cells (HPA tissue IHC). First check section quality, antibody dilution, antigen retrieval, and detection controls (general IHC practice). A negative result alone cannot resolve HPA’s reported staining–RNA inconsistency (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected BDKRB2 appearanceCall positive when neuronal cells in caudate or cerebral cortex show clear, cell-associated cytoplasmic staining consistent with HPA’s High category (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear-only signal or uniform background is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Compartment and topology | The receptor has 7 transmembrane segments and a cell-membrane location (UniProt P30411 topology and subcellular location). Tissue IHC is nevertheless described as cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). Do not require a sharply outlined membrane to score the reported IHC pattern. |
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports High neuronal staining in caudate and cerebral cortex, Medium neuronal staining in hippocampus, and no detected staining in several specified cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Compare the same cell type when judging intensity; a whole-section score can hide that distinction (general IHC practice). |
| Strength of validation | The tissue IHC reliability label is “Approved,” with low staining–RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC reliability). HPA lists IHC as “Approved” for HPA050841 and ICC as “Approved” for HPA003551 (HPA antibodies). Those assay labels do not make the two antibodies interchangeable. |
| Epitope and processing limits | UniProt lists extracellular and cytoplasmic regions, two isoforms, and three glycosylation sites (UniProt P30411 topology, isoforms, glycosylation). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform-specific staining data, so it cannot predict which compartment, isoform, or retrieval condition a particular antibody will favor. |
| IF/ICC Q: What pattern should I expect? | A: Mainly plasma-membrane signal, with additional vesicle and cytokinetic-bridge localization (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). This is an ICC-IF observation; the paraffin-section IHC description remains cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). Use the separate IF/ICC guide for assay setup. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Caudate or cerebral-cortex neuronal cells are blank. | An assay failure is possible because these cells show High staining in HPA tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). | Check tissue preservation, antigen retrieval, primary-antibody dilution, and detection reagents with an appropriate positive control (general IHC practice). The payload supplies no target-specific retrieval setting. |
| Only nuclei are strongly stained. | This conflicts with the cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC) and cell-membrane annotation (UniProt P30411). | Review the counterstain and no-primary control, and check for nonspecific primary or detection signal before scoring nuclei as positive (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen appears broadly in expected-negative cell populations. | HPA lists adipocytes and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells as not detected (HPA tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and an appropriate detection control; review the blocking step and whether staining is restricted to identifiable cells (general IHC practice). |
| The whole section has diffuse brown background. | Nonspecific binding, residual detection activity, or excessive chromogen development can obscure cell-specific staining (general IHC practice). | Inspect the no-primary control, then review blocking, wash stringency, antibody dilution, and development time (general IHC practice). |
| IHC looks cytoplasmic, while ICC-IF images look membrane-enriched. | HPA reports cytoplasmic tissue IHC and mainly plasma-membrane ICC-IF localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Interpret each assay against its own reported pattern and validation status (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies); do not use the ICC-IF pattern as a required IHC scoring rule. |
| A weakly stained tissue is judged negative by comparison with cortex. | HPA reports Low staining in several tissues but High staining in cerebral-cortex neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Score the specified cells and their local background in each tissue, and retain the HPA tissue category when comparing results (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BDKRB2 staining
M03117 · IHCIHC analysis of BDKRB2 using anti-BDKRB2 antibody (M03117). BDKRB2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver cancer tissue.
M03117 · IHCIHC analysis of BDKRB2 using anti-BDKRB2 antibody (M03117). BDKRB2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse small intestine tiss
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_14243084
HPA · CaudateHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Caudate. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/basal+ganglia#imid_14243078
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/colon#imid_14241214
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/liver#imid_14241231
HPA · ICC-IF ASC52teloHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, ASC52telo, antibody HPA003551; green = BDKRB2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF ASC52teloHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, ASC52telo, antibody HPA003551; green = BDKRB2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BDKRB2 IHC & IF
🧪Run caudate first: neuronal cells should stain (HPA: High in caudate neuronal cells). Use adipose tissue as a negative comparator, focusing on adipocytes (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the caudate slide, non-neuronal cells with only counterstain can help assess background, but their BDKRB2-negative status is unverified (HPA: caudate result specifies neuronal cells; UniProt P30411: ubiquitous tissue distribution).
Positive control tissue: Caudate (Neuronal cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show BDKRB2 in ASC52telo, HaCaT, with annotated localisation: Plasma membrane (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; rabbit IgG matched to the primary antibody’s isotype and monoclonal or polyclonal format; and BDKRB2-knockout tissue if available (caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC controls). Quench endogenous peroxidase for HRP/DAB staining, and check an unstained caudate section for autofluorescence if using IF (caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected M03117 tissue-IHC caption does not report the fixative (caption: fixative not stated). That paraffin-section example uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but one example does not establish retrieval dependency (caption: EDTA heat retrieval). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier; neuronal autofluorescence can complicate IF assessment in caudate (standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BDKRB2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Nasopharynx | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BDKRB2 IHC Tips
Troubleshooting guidance for chromogenic BDKRB2 IHC in paraffin sections, with one Q&A on adapting the analysis to IF.
Which retrieval condition should I start with for BDKRB2 paraffin-section IHC?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117). The selected antibody was used on a paraffin-embedded human liver cancer section after that retrieval, followed by a 1:200 primary dilution overnight at 4°C (datasheet M03117). Keep section thickness, heating, cooling and detection conditions consistent across comparison slides so a retrieval change can be assessed (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test retrieval duration on serial sections while checking that tissue structure remains intact (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary control to distinguish increased antigen signal from retrieval-associated background (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or patchy BDKRB2 staining?
The selected tissue-IHC caption identifies a paraffin-embedded section but does not state its fixative, so BDKRB2-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet M03117). Record the actual fixative and fixation duration for each specimen before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). Uneven fixation can complicate antigen accessibility and tissue preservation, so examine the section for gradients, damaged edges and loss of morphology (standard IHC practice). Compare specimens processed together using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 1:200 antibody dilution described for this antibody (datasheet M03117). Do not assign a fixation effect to BDKRB2 from its topology, modifications or tissue staining pattern alone (UniProt P30411; HPA tissue IHC).
How should membrane and cytoplasmic BDKRB2 staining be judged?
Prioritize staining that outlines cells: BDKRB2 is annotated at the cell membrane, with 7 transmembrane segments, and its supported main subcellular location is the plasma membrane (UniProt P30411; HPA subcellular). Vesicular staining can also be plausible, whereas diffuse cytoplasmic chromogen alone needs careful control review (HPA subcellular; standard IHC interpretation). HPA tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, including CNS, but flags low consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Score membrane and cytoplasmic or punctate signal separately at matched exposure and counterstain conditions (standard IHC practice). Compare each pattern with no-primary controls and cell morphology before calling it receptor-specific (standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish the BDKRB2 isoforms or reveal epitope masking?
BDKRB2 has 2 annotated isoforms, Long and Short, but the supplied antibody caption does not define an epitope or claim isoform selectivity (UniProt P30411; datasheet M03117). Its extracellular and cytoplasmic regions flank 7 transmembrane segments, so epitope accessibility depends on where the antibody binds (UniProt P30411; standard IHC practice). Glycosylation sites at residues 30, 39 and 207 are annotated, but their effect on this stain is unestablished (UniProt P30411). Compare serial sections under the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval before attributing staining differences to masking (datasheet M03117; standard IHC practice). Report the result as BDKRB2 immunoreactivity unless epitope mapping establishes isoform specificity (standard IHC interpretation).
How can I adapt this IHC assessment to multiplex IF?
Treat IF conditions as a separate optimization: the selected antibody caption documents chromogenic paraffin-section IHC, not an IF protocol (datasheet M03117). Pair BDKRB2 with a validated marker for the expected cell population, such as neuronal cells in caudate or cerebral cortex, and use single-stain controls to check channel separation (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after examining tissue autofluorescence in each channel, and keep acquisition settings fixed across comparisons (standard IF practice). Match permeabilisation to the mapped epitope: cytoplasmic regions require intracellular access, whereas extracellular epitopes can be assessed with minimal permeabilisation (UniProt P30411 topology; standard IF practice). Confirm membrane outlines separately from vesicular signal (HPA subcellular; standard IF practice).
What should I check when BDKRB2 DAB staining appears widespread?
Begin with a no-primary section and inspect whether brown deposit persists in the same structures (standard IHC practice). The selected example used 10% goat serum blocking, a 1:200 rabbit primary overnight at 4°C, a peroxidase-linked secondary and DAB development (datasheet M03117). Check that a peroxidase block was performed, and compare shorter DAB development or a more dilute primary on adjacent sections if background obscures cell borders (standard IHC practice). Evaluate folds, section edges and necrotic areas separately from preserved tissue (standard IHC interpretation). Widespread staining alone is insufficient evidence of specificity because HPA reports low staining-to-RNA consistency for this target (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I quantify BDKRB2 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored cell population and anatomical region before reviewing stain intensity, then apply those boundaries to every section (standard IHC practice). Record the percentage of positive cells and an intensity score of 0–3; an H-score sums each intensity multiplied by its percentage, yielding 0–300 (standard IHC scoring). If counting discrete positive cells, report density per mm² of viable tissue and normalize to the same eligible cell population across samples (standard IHC scoring). Separate membrane from cytoplasmic scores because plasma membrane is the supported main location and tissue IHC also reports cytoplasmic staining (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Keep retrieval, DAB development and imaging conditions consistent (standard IHC practice).
When is a BDKRB2-positive cell convincing rather than artefactual?
Look for reproducible cell-associated staining in preserved tissue, especially a membrane outline consistent with BDKRB2 topology and supported plasma-membrane localisation (UniProt P30411; HPA subcellular; standard IHC interpretation). HPA reports high staining in neuronal cells of caudate and cerebral cortex, but also warns of low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret signal in an unexpected cell population cautiously and compare its compartment with the supported membrane and additional vesicular locations (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Exclude section-edge deposits, necrotic regions and staining retained in the no-primary control, including possible endogenous enzyme activity (standard IHC practice). Confirm uncertain patterns with an independent specificity control before claiming BDKRB2 expression (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best BDKRB2 / B2 bradykinin receptor IHC Antibodies
The IHC-validated antibody M03117 has paraffin-section images from human liver cancer and mouse small intestine (catalog: M03117 IHC captions); no IF/ICC image is supplied (catalog: M03117 IF images).
Real IHC data
Anti-BDKRB2 Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M03117
M03117 is listed for IHC and has a paraffin-section image from human liver cancer (catalog: M03117 applications and IHC caption). The same SKU has a paraffin-section image from mouse small intestine (catalog: M03117 IHC caption).
Which to pick: Choose M03117 for paraffin-section tissue IHC: it is a rabbit monoclonal with human and mouse reactivity, supported by its own IHC captions (catalog: M03117 host, clone, reactivity and IHC captions). Its captions do not report the fixative (catalog: M03117 IHC captions). No IF/ICC application or image is supplied for M03117, so the payload does not support an IF/ICC recommendation (catalog: M03117 applications and IF images).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P30411 (BKRB2_HUMAN, B2 bradykinin receptor).
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to vesicles and cytokinetic bridge..
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- The Bradykinin System Contributes to the Regulation of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 Expression in Human Amnion Fibroblasts: Implications for Term and Preterm Birth. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022 — PMC9130483.
- IRX1 influences peritoneal spreading and metastasis via inhibiting BDKRB2-dependent neovascularization on gastric cancer. Oncogene 2011 — PMC3208739.
- Transcriptomic Analysis Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Hanchuan Zupa Granules in Alleviating Asthma in Rat. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2021 — PMC8275397.
- Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model. Frontiers in pharmacology 2016 — PMC5101594.
- PubMed PMID:1314587 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:7916737 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:8394991 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BDKRB2 (B2 bradykinin receptor). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03117). Validated IHC antibody: M03117 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Caudate (Neuronal cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03117); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03117); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M03117); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone AFAG-2) anti-BDKRB2, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet M03117); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03117). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; extracellular versus cytoplasmic epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: Staining regulation is not specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P30411, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to…, Datasheet M03117, PMC9130483, PMC8275397. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BDKRB2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.