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BDKRB2 / B2 bradykinin receptor · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BDKRB2
Plan chromogenic BDKRB2 IHC on paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s reported workflow (datasheet M03117). Assess cytoplasmic staining in CNS neuronal cells while accounting for the receptor’s annotated cell membrane localisation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BDKRB2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining; cell membrane localisation annotated (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in CNS neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03117) | |
| Positive control | Caudate+3 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M03117) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining has low consistency with tissue RNA data (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is not specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; verify extracellular or cytoplasmic epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BDKRB2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by published chromogenic IHC methods for human amnion, gastric cancer specimens, and rat paraffin sections (PMC9130483; PMC3208739; PMC8275397).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03117) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03117); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M03117) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone AFAG-2) anti-BDKRB2, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet M03117) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03117) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M03117) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BDKRB2-positive staining in neuronal cells of caudate (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in a group of tissues, including CNS. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet M03117); the cited articles do not specify retrieval conditions.
Section 2
What Is the Expected BDKRB2 Staining Pattern?
BDKRB2 is a 7-pass cell-membrane receptor (UniProt P30411 topology). For paraffin-section IHC, HPA reports cytoplasmic staining in a group of tissues, with High staining in caudate and cerebral-cortex neuronal cells and Medium staining in hippocampal neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue staining Approved but reports low consistency with RNA expression; interpret an isolated positive result cautiously (HPA tissue IHC).
| Caudate or cerebral-cortex neurons show a clear chromogenic signal. | This fits HPA's High neuronal staining in both tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Score the stained cells and compartment, not color intensity alone (general IHC practice). |
| Neuronal staining looks cytoplasmic, without a sharply outlined membrane. | HPA describes the tissue IHC pattern as cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). Membrane localization is supported by UniProt and HPA ICC-IF, but a membrane outline is not required to match the reported paraffin-section pattern (UniProt P30411; HPA subcellular). |
| Strong signal is confined to nuclei instead of the reported cell compartment. | Predominantly nuclear staining is discordant with the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern and membrane localization (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P30411). Check a negative reagent control and the antibody's validated IHC conditions before assigning it to BDKRB2 (general IHC practice). |
| An HPA-negative cell population stains strongly, or color appears broadly across cells. | For example, HPA reports no detection in adipocytes of adipose tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected cell staining can reflect cross-reactivity; widespread color can reflect endogenous detection activity or nonspecific background (general IHC practice). |
| Known-positive caudate or cerebral-cortex neurons show no signal. | An absent signal conflicts with HPA's High staining in those neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). First assess control performance and IHC conditions; a blank section alone cannot establish absent receptor expression (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected BDKRB2 appearanceCall a section positive when caudate or cerebral-cortex neurons show discernible cytoplasmic staining, potentially High by HPA's reported level; isolated strong nuclear or broadly cell-independent color is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Membrane topology and tissue appearance | UniProt places BDKRB2 at the cell membrane with 7 transmembrane segments, while HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue IHC staining (UniProt P30411; HPA tissue IHC). Record the observed compartment rather than inferring surface-only staining. |
| Choice of reference tissue and cell | HPA reports High neuronal staining in caudate and cerebral cortex, Medium neuronal staining in hippocampus, and Medium respiratory epithelial staining in nasopharynx (HPA tissue IHC). Compare like cell populations when judging intensity. |
| Strength of IHC evidence | The tissue profile is Approved, yet HPA notes low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression; its listed IHC antibody HPA050841 is Approved (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). Treat unexpected positives as findings to verify. |
| Antibody epitope and receptor forms | UniProt lists extracellular and cytoplasmic regions, 2 isoforms, and glycosylation sites at residues 30, 39, and 207 (UniProt P30411). The payload gives no antibody epitope, so it cannot predict which form or region the IHC antibody detects. |
| IF/ICC Q: What localization can IF show? | A: HPA reports mainly plasma membrane, with additional vesicle and cytokinetic-bridge localization in ICC-IF (HPA subcellular). Its ICC-approved antibody is HPA003551; that status does not establish this antibody's paraffin-section IHC performance (HPA antibodies). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Positive neuronal reference tissue is blank. | The result disagrees with HPA's High caudate or cerebral-cortex neuronal staining; the failed step is not identified by the image alone (HPA tissue IHC). | Check the positive control and detection reagents, then review antigen retrieval and dilution against the IHC-validated antibody's instructions (general IHC practice). |
| All structures have diffuse brown color. | Broad color without cell selectivity can arise from nonspecific staining or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice). | Run primary-omission and detection controls; review blocking, washing, and chromogen development under the chosen IHC workflow (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears mainly nuclear. | That compartment differs from the cytoplasmic tissue IHC description and membrane localization (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P30411). | Record the mismatch and compare with a positive tissue control and primary-omission control before scoring it as receptor staining (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes stain as strongly as positive neurons. | HPA reports adipocytes in adipose tissue as Not detected, versus High neuronal staining in caudate and cerebral cortex (HPA tissue IHC). | Assess cell identity and background controls, then repeat under validated IHC conditions; treat persistent staining as unverified (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Hippocampal neurons look weaker than cortical neurons. | That difference can fit HPA's Medium hippocampal versus High cerebral-cortex neuronal levels (HPA tissue IHC). | Score each tissue against its own HPA reference level and matched run controls before calling the weaker section a technical failure (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic staining lacks a crisp membrane rim. | The appearance matches HPA's cytoplasmic tissue IHC description, despite supported plasma-membrane localization in ICC-IF (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). | Record cell type, intensity, and compartment; use the separate IF/ICC guide when membrane localization is the experimental question (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BDKRB2 staining
M03117 · IHCIHC analysis of BDKRB2 using anti-BDKRB2 antibody (M03117). BDKRB2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver cancer tissue.
M03117 · IHCIHC analysis of BDKRB2 using anti-BDKRB2 antibody (M03117). BDKRB2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse small intestine tiss
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_14243084
HPA · CaudateHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Caudate. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/basal+ganglia#imid_14243078
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/colon#imid_14241214
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168398-BDKRB2/tissue/liver#imid_14241231
HPA · ICC-IF ASC52teloHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, ASC52telo, antibody HPA003551; green = BDKRB2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF ASC52teloHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, ASC52telo, antibody HPA003551; green = BDKRB2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BDKRB2 IHC & IF
🧪Run caudate first: neuronal cells should stain (HPA: High in caudate neuronal cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator because adipocytes are not detected (HPA: Not detected in adipose adipocytes); on the caudate slide, treat non-neuronal cells as internal background comparators only where they show background-level signal relative to the no-primary control.
Positive control tissue: Caudate (Neuronal cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show BDKRB2 in ASC52telo, HaCaT, with annotated localisation: Plasma membrane (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) section, a rabbit IgG control matched to the primary antibody’s format, and a matched BDKRB2-knockout specimen as a biological negative (caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC control practice). For caudate DAB staining, quench endogenous peroxidase and distinguish tissue pigment from specific signal (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected M03117 tissue-IHC caption does not state the fixative (M03117 caption: fixative not stated). That paraffin-section example uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but whether retrieval is required has not been established by the supplied evidence (M03117 caption: heat retrieval in EDTA, pH 8.0). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier than paraffin IHC; neuronal pigment may complicate chromogenic scoring in caudate (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BDKRB2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Nasopharynx | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BDKRB2 IHC Tips
Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin section workflow as the starting point, then evaluate staining against BDKRB2 localisation and cell type evidence.
What retrieval conditions should I try when BDKRB2 staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA buffer at pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117). The selected paraffin section caption reports this retrieval before incubation with the catalog antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C (datasheet M03117). Keep section thickness, heating, cooling and detection conditions consistent while comparing retrieval runs, and include a section known to stain in the same run (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, compare a fallback retrieval condition on matched sections, judging improved cell-associated signal against any increase in background (standard IHC practice). Do not interpret stronger diffuse staining alone as successful BDKRB2 recovery (UniProt P30411 subcellular location; standard IHC practice).
How should I assess whether fixation is affecting BDKRB2 IHC staining?
The selected product image documents a paraffin-embedded tissue section but does not state its fixative, so target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet M03117). Record the fixative and processing history for each specimen, then compare similarly processed sections within the same staining run (standard IHC practice). Keep the catalog workflow consistent, including EDTA at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, while assessing that comparison (datasheet M03117). Examine tissue preservation and background alongside signal, because a weak result cannot by itself establish a fixation effect (standard IHC practice). Report any fixation comparison as an observation from the tested specimens, without assigning BDKRB2 a fixation preference (standard IHC practice).
Should BDKRB2 appear only at the cell surface in chromogenic IHC?
BDKRB2 is annotated at the cell membrane and has 7 transmembrane segments (UniProt P30411 subcellular location and topology). Plasma membrane localisation is supported in the subcellular atlas, which also reports vesicles and the cytokinetic bridge as additional locations (HPA subcellular). Evaluate whether DAB signal follows cell borders or a plausible intracellular pattern, and inspect morphology and counterstain before assigning a compartment (standard IHC practice). Tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, but the atlas flags low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Therefore, use compartment, cell identity and controls together when interpreting cytoplasmic DAB staining (UniProt P30411 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
Can this IHC stain distinguish BDKRB2 isoforms or reveal an inaccessible epitope?
BDKRB2 has 2 annotated isoforms, Long and Short, but the supplied product caption does not identify the antibody epitope (UniProt P30411 isoforms; datasheet M03117). Its 7 transmembrane segments separate extracellular and cytoplasmic regions, so epitope position would matter when interpreting accessibility (UniProt P30411 topology; standard IHC practice). Glycosylation is annotated at residues 30, 39 and 207, while several phosphorylation sites are also reported (UniProt P30411 processing and modified residues). Do not assign a staining difference to an isoform or modification without epitope information and a suitable validation experiment (standard IHC practice). For this antibody, document the observed staining pattern as BDKRB2 immunoreactivity rather than isoform-specific detection (datasheet M03117; standard IHC practice).
How should I investigate BDKRB2 by multiplex IF alongside this IHC guide?
Treat IF/ICC as a separate assay: the selected antibody caption documents chromogenic staining of a paraffin section, with no IF conditions supplied (datasheet M03117). Pair BDKRB2 with a marker identifying the expected cell type, and check that each channel preserves its own spatial pattern (standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and assess tissue autofluorescence in an unstained control before setting exposure or thresholds (standard IF practice). For an extracellular epitope, test staining without permeabilisation; for a cytoplasmic epitope, assess permeabilisation, because BDKRB2 spans the membrane 7 times and this antibody’s epitope is unspecified (UniProt P30411 topology; datasheet M03117; standard IF practice). Compare membrane and vesicular patterns with reported BDKRB2 locations (HPA subcellular).
What should I check when DAB background obscures BDKRB2 staining?
First compare the stained section with a matched control lacking primary antibody, and inspect whether DAB follows tissue architecture or accumulates at section edges (standard IHC practice). The selected workflow uses 10% goat serum, a peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and DAB development (datasheet M03117). Check the blocking and wash steps, and use a peroxidase block where needed to assess endogenous enzyme activity in this chromogenic workflow (standard IHC practice). Keep primary antibody incubation at the documented 1:200 overnight at 4°C while identifying the source of background (datasheet M03117). Compare any proposed signal with BDKRB2’s membrane-related localisation before scoring it (UniProt P30411 subcellular location; HPA subcellular).
How can I score BDKRB2 DAB staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, using matched regions and the same DAB development and imaging settings across sections (standard IHC practice). Report the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, or combine them in an H-score; record cell density per mm² when cell abundance is the question (standard IHC practice). Normalise positive-cell counts to the number of evaluable cells in the defined population, and area-based counts to evaluable tissue area (standard IHC practice). Score membrane-associated and cytoplasmic staining separately because membrane localisation is annotated while tissue IHC also reports cytoplasmic expression (UniProt P30411 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). Exclude folds, necrosis and section edges consistently, and state the scoring threshold before comparing groups (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish convincing BDKRB2 staining from artefact?
A convincing result should occur in morphologically intact cells, show a plausible compartment and exceed matched control staining (standard IHC practice; UniProt P30411 subcellular location). Compare cell identity with the tissue context: neuronal cells stain strongly in caudate and cerebral cortex, while adipocytes in adipose tissue are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Treat signal confined to edges, necrotic areas or regions with endogenous peroxidase activity cautiously (standard IHC practice). Membrane-associated staining fits the supported plasma membrane location, although vesicular signal and cytoplasmic tissue staining have also been reported (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Because tissue IHC staining has low consistency with RNA expression, confirm consequential interpretations with appropriate controls or independent evidence (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best BDKRB2 / B2 bradykinin receptor IHC Antibodies
The IHC-validated antibody M03117 has paraffin-section images from human liver cancer and mouse small intestine; no IF/ICC image is supplied (M03117 IHC and IF image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-BDKRB2 Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M03117
The M03117 card shows IHC staining of a paraffin-embedded human liver cancer section (M03117 card image caption). A second M03117 caption documents a paraffin-embedded mouse small intestine section (M03117 IHC image captions).
Which to pick: Choose M03117 for paraffin-section tissue IHC; its rabbit monoclonal antibody has documented human and mouse staining, and the fixative is unreported (catalog: host, clone and reactivity; M03117 IHC image captions). For work across those two species, M03117 is the catalog option (catalog: human and mouse reactivity; M03117 IHC image captions). No IF/ICC antibody choice is supported by this payload because M03117 has no listed IF application or IF image (catalog: applications and IF image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P30411 (BKRB2_HUMAN, B2 bradykinin receptor).
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to vesicles and cytokinetic bridge..
- Human Protein Atlas. BDKRB2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- The Bradykinin System Contributes to the Regulation of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 Expression in Human Amnion Fibroblasts: Implications for Term and Preterm Birth. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022 — PMC9130483.
- IRX1 influences peritoneal spreading and metastasis via inhibiting BDKRB2-dependent neovascularization on gastric cancer. Oncogene 2011 — PMC3208739.
- Transcriptomic Analysis Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Hanchuan Zupa Granules in Alleviating Asthma in Rat. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2021 — PMC8275397.
- Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model. Frontiers in pharmacology 2016 — PMC5101594.
- PubMed PMID:1314587 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:7916737 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:8394991 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BDKRB2 (B2 bradykinin receptor). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining; cell membrane localisation annotated (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03117). Validated IHC antibody: M03117 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Caudate (Neuronal cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03117); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03117); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03117); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M03117); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone AFAG-2) anti-BDKRB2, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet M03117); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03117). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M03117); Caveat: Antibody staining has low consistency with tissue RNA data (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; verify extracellular or cytoplasmic epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is not specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P30411, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to…, Datasheet M03117, PMC9130483, PMC3208739. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BDKRB2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.