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BMP1 / Bone morphogenetic protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BMP1
Plan chromogenic BMP1 IHC in paraffin sections using 1:50 as a starting dilution for the catalog antibody (datasheet: 1:50). Use colon glandular cells as a positive control (HPA tissue IHC), and account for BMP1 secretion when interpreting staining (UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BMP1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | High glandular cell cytoplasmic staining in colon and duodenum (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Colon+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Secreted BMP1 may stain away from expressing cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Regulation unreported in the supplied record (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 7 isoforms; propeptide epitopes may miss mature BMP1 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BMP1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet) appears alongside three published BMP1 IHC methods (PMC5326928; PMC8971496; PMC6635762).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human skin tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02436) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02436); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-BMP1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A02436) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BMP1-positive staining in glandular cells of colon (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen-retrieval setting), then adjust for the sample and antibody.
Section 2
What Is the Expected BMP1 Staining Pattern?
BMP1 is a secreted protein associated with the Golgi, extracellular space and extracellular matrix; it has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P13497: location, topology). In tissue IHC, expect mainly cytoplasmic staining in many cell types, especially glandular cells of the colon, duodenum and small intestine, cardiomyocytes, and placental trophoblastic cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA rates the tissue profile Enhanced, while noting medium consistency with RNA because secreted protein can accumulate away from its source (HPA tissue IHC).
| Clear cytoplasmic staining in intestinal glandular cells, cardiomyocytes or placental trophoblastic cells. | This matches reported High staining in those cell types (HPA tissue IHC). Extracellular staining can also be plausible because BMP1 is secreted and associates with matrix (UniProt P13497: location). Judge the named cells and their compartment, rather than assigning one intensity to the entire tissue. |
| A sharply nuclear-only or membrane-rim pattern dominates the positive cells. | Neither pattern is the expected tissue profile: HPA reports predominantly cytoplasmic staining, and UniProt lists secreted and Golgi locations with no transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P13497: location, topology). Treat the pattern as suspect until staining controls and antibody specificity are checked. |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or squamous epithelial cells used as comparison cells. | Adipocytes in adipose tissue and breast, and squamous epithelial cells in cervix, esophagus and oral mucosa, are reported Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected signal suggests cross-reactivity or detection background; a positive cell elsewhere in the section does not change those cell-specific comparisons. |
| Pale color covers most compartments, including tissue spaces and comparison cells. | A uniform haze is less persuasive than identifiable cytoplasmic staining in the reported positive cells (HPA tissue IHC: profile, High cells). Consider nonspecific detection or substrate background, and assess a no-primary control under the same imaging and development conditions (standard IHC practice). |
| No staining is visible in colon or duodenal glandular cells. | Both are reported High and are useful positive comparisons (HPA tissue IHC). An empty result could reflect a failed detection run or an antibody and retrieval combination that has not been shown to work; HPA supplies no BMP1-specific fixation or retrieval effect. |
💡Expected BMP1 appearanceCall a section positive when identifiable cytoplasmic staining is present in reported High cells, such as intestinal glandular cells, with plausible extracellular signal (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P13497: location); isolated nuclear signal or uniform haze is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile; standard IHC practice).
| Secretion and compartment | BMP1 occurs in the trans-Golgi network and outside cells, including matrix, and lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt P13497: location, topology). Thus cytoplasmic and extracellular signals can represent different pools; HPA documents the tissue IHC pattern mainly as cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Processing and matrix deposition | The precursor has a signal peptide at residues 1–22 and propeptide at 23–120; the listed mature chain begins at 121 (UniProt P13497: processing). Interaction with POSTN promotes matrix deposition (UniProt P13497: subunit). The antibody epitope is unspecified here, so these facts cannot predict which processed form it detects. |
| Isoforms and antibody validation | Seven BMP1 isoforms are listed (UniProt P13497: isoforms). The supplied record does not map the IHC antibody's epitope across them. HPA014572 is listed as IHC Enhanced (HPA antibodies), supporting the reported tissue pattern without establishing equal detection of every isoform or extracellular pool. |
| Tissue and RNA comparison | HPA reports low tissue RNA specificity but cell-specific IHC differences, from High intestinal glandular staining to Not detected adipocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Because BMP1 is secreted, HPA cautions that RNA and protein locations may differ; score observed protein by cell and compartment rather than using RNA alone. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No signal in colon or duodenal glandular cells. | These cells are reported High, so a blank positive comparison raises concern about the staining run (HPA tissue IHC). The record does not identify a BMP1-specific retrieval requirement. | Check the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions, primary dilution and detection reagents; compare a known-positive section processed in the same run (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a BMP1 fixation effect from this result. |
| Signal appears in HPA Not detected comparison cells. | Staining of adipocytes or listed squamous epithelial cells conflicts with their cell-specific HPA calls (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or chromogenic background is possible. | Check cell identity and the no-primary control; reassess the IHC-validated antibody and detection settings before calling those cells BMP1-positive (standard IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear or sharply membrane-rim staining. | The pattern does not fit HPA's cytoplasmic tissue profile or UniProt's secreted, Golgi and matrix locations and lack of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P13497: location, topology). | Compare reported positive and Not detected cell types in the same run, then check antibody specificity and secondary-only staining (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Diffuse brown haze obscures cell boundaries. | Uniform background prevents the cell-specific assessment needed for the HPA profile (HPA tissue IHC). Nonspecific binding or endogenous chromogenic detection activity are general IHC possibilities (standard IHC practice). | Inspect no-primary and reagent controls; review blocking, washes, detection time and counterstain so identifiable cells remain readable (standard IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic staining is present, but matrix signal is absent. | HPA reports predominantly cytoplasmic tissue staining, while extracellular and matrix locations come from UniProt; neither source requires visible matrix staining in every section (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P13497: location). | Score the supported cytoplasmic pattern first. Report extracellular staining separately, and avoid treating its absence alone as a failed IHC run. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: should a punctate fluorescence pattern be called BMP1-positive? | HPA lists BMP1 as secreted but provides no ICC-IF images or main cellular location; the supplied antibody has no ICC validation entry (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). | Treat the pattern as unconfirmed. Use appropriate fluorescence controls and independently validate cell identity and compartment before interpreting it (standard IF practice); consult the separate IF/ICC guide for that application. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BMP1 staining
A02436 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human-skin, antibody was diluted at 1:200
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168487-BMP1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_4316920
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168487-BMP1/tissue/colon#imid_4316838
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168487-BMP1/tissue/liver#imid_4316839
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168487-BMP1/tissue/kidney#imid_4316840
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BMP1 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first and look for staining in glandular cells (HPA: High in colon glandular cells); run adipose tissue as the negative comparison, assessing adipocytes specifically (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the colon slide, cells without visible signal should show background-level staining, but no particular internal cell type is established as BMP1-negative by the supplied evidence.
Positive control tissue: Colon (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for BMP1; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary/secondary-only control, an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and class where applicable, and BMP1 knockout tissue or peptide competition if the matching peptide is available (standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase background in colon for chromogenic detection (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the fixative is unreported in the selected A02436 paraffin-section caption (selected A02436 caption). Retrieval dependence is unreported; evaluate antigen retrieval empirically for paraffin IHC (standard IHC practice). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier, and colon glandular material warrants attention to nonspecific chromogenic background (HPA: High in colon glandular cells; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BMP1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Secreted protein, tissue location of RNA and protein is expected to differ.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Placenta | Trophoblastic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Small intestine | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BMP1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot BMP1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
How should I retrieve BMP1 in paraffin sections when staining is weak?
Start with citrate at pH 6.0, heated to 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting). Let sections cool consistently, then compare a known positive tissue and a negative control within the same run (standard IHC practice; HPA: high staining in colon glandular cells). If signal remains weak, vary retrieval time in small increments while keeping buffer and detection conditions fixed (standard IHC practice). Excessive retrieval can damage morphology or raise background, so judge signal alongside tissue preservation (standard IHC practice). Record the final conditions for each antibody lot and specimen type (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven BMP1 staining?
BMP1 specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the catalog image identifies paraffin embedded human skin but does not state a fixative (catalog antibody A02436 caption). Document the actual fixative, fixation interval and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining intensities (standard IHC practice). Compare sections processed together, because fixation and embedding can alter antigen accessibility and tissue morphology (standard IHC practice). If staining varies across a section, inspect folds, poorly preserved regions and section thickness before changing antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a BMP1 fixation requirement from its secreted location or glycosylation sites (UniProt P13497 localisation and glycosylation).
Where should BMP1 staining appear, and what pattern needs investigation?
In paraffin sections, assess cytoplasmic staining and extracellular staining separately: BMP1 is reported in the Golgi and trans Golgi network and is also secreted into extracellular space and matrix (UniProt P13497 localisation; HPA: cytoplasmic expression in most tissues). It has no transmembrane segment, so a sharp, exclusively cell surface outline warrants scrutiny rather than automatic assignment to BMP1 (UniProt P13497 topology). Compare stained cells with tissue architecture and an appropriate negative control (standard IHC practice). Matrix signal may lie away from the cell that produced BMP1 because the protein is secreted (UniProt P13497 localisation). Record compartment and cell type independently when scoring (standard IHC practice).
How could BMP1 processing or isoforms affect interpretation of this antibody?
Map the catalog antibody epitope before assigning a stain to a particular BMP1 species; its epitope is not supplied here (catalog antibody evidence supplied). BMP1 has a signal peptide at residues 1–22, a propeptide at 23–120 and a reported mature chain beginning at 121 (UniProt P13497 processing). The record lists 7 isoforms, so an epitope absent from one isoform could change which forms are detected (UniProt P13497 isoforms; standard antibody specificity principle). Glycosylation is reported at 5 sites and may complicate epitope access, but its effect on this antibody is unknown (UniProt P13497 glycosylation). Avoid interpreting staining intensity as a direct measure of enzyme activity (UniProt P13497 function; standard IHC interpretation).
How should an IF comparison help resolve ambiguous chromogenic BMP1 staining?
Use IF as a separate comparison and establish its antibody performance independently; the supplied catalog image documents paraffin section IHC, while the HPA subcellular payload lists no ICC/IF images (catalog antibody A02436 caption; HPA subcellular). In multiplex IF, pair BMP1 with a marker for the expected cell population, such as a validated glandular cell marker when examining colon glandular cells (HPA: high staining in colon glandular cells; standard IF practice). Select spectrally separated fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence and single stain controls (standard IF practice). For an intracellular epitope, test gentle permeabilisation; for accessible extracellular matrix antigen, assess staining without permeabilisation (UniProt P13497 localisation; standard IF practice). Compare compartments, rather than equating fluorescence intensity with chromogenic intensity (standard microscopy practice).
What should I check when BMP1 staining is diffuse or widespread?
First compare the section with a no primary antibody control and examine whether staining follows tissue edges, folds or damaged areas (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection, and check whether residual colour appears where enzyme activity or pigment could mimic the reaction product (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody and detection reagents against morphology and a positive control; the selected skin caption reports 1:200, without establishing that dilution for every specimen (catalog antibody A02436 caption; standard IHC practice). Diffuse extracellular signal can be plausible because BMP1 is secreted and deposited in matrix (UniProt P13497 localisation and POSTN interaction). Require control dependent, reproducible staining before calling that signal specific (standard IHC practice).
How can I quantify BMP1 IHC while preserving its compartment information? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Predefine regions of interest and score cellular and extracellular compartments separately, because BMP1 occurs in the secretory pathway and extracellular matrix (UniProt P13497 localisation; standard image analysis practice). For cells, report percentage positive and an H score based on staining intensity categories; keep thresholds fixed across slides in a comparison (standard IHC scoring practice). For extracellular signal, measure positive area or staining density per mm² of analyzable tissue, excluding folds and necrosis (standard image analysis practice). Normalize cellular counts to the relevant cell population and matrix measurements to intact tissue area (standard IHC scoring practice). Include matched controls and processing batches when comparing specimens (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish credible BMP1 signal from staining artefacts?
Treat reproducible cytoplasmic or extracellular staining in preserved tissue as plausible, since HPA reports cytoplasmic expression in most tissues and UniProt places BMP1 in the secretory pathway and matrix (HPA tissue profile; UniProt P13497 localisation). Check cell identity: HPA reports high staining in colon glandular cells but no detection in adipocytes, so those cell types offer a useful contrast when present (HPA: colon glandular cells high; adipocytes not detected). A nuclear only pattern needs independent validation against antibody controls (UniProt P13497 localisation; standard IHC practice). Exclude edge staining, necrosis and residual endogenous peroxidase signal before scoring (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Interpret extracellular distribution cautiously because secreted protein can appear away from its producing cells (UniProt P13497 localisation; HPA reliability description).
Boster reagents
Best BMP1 / Bone morphogenetic protein 1 IHC Antibodies
A02436 has real IHC data in paraffin-embedded human skin (A02436 image caption). IF is listed without a figure (A02436 applications/IF image alts); human, mouse, and rat reactivity is listed (A02436 reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-BMP-1 Antibody
Cat # A02436
A02436 will render with an IHC image of paraffin-embedded human skin at 1:200 (A02436 image caption). Its catalog lists IHC and IF applications and human, mouse, and rat reactivity, but supplies no IF image (A02436 applications/reactivity/IF image alts).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A02436: its own image documents paraffin-embedded human skin at 1:200, with the fixative unreported (A02436 image caption). For IF/ICC planning, A02436 lists IF at 1:50, but supplies no IF figure or explicit ICC application (A02436 applications/IF dilution/IF image alts). For cross-species work, A02436 is a rabbit polyclonal with human, mouse, and rat reactivity listed; its supplied tissue image shows human skin only (A02436 host/dilution_raw/reactivity/image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P13497 (BMP1_HUMAN, Bone morphogenetic protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. BMP1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. BMP1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Secreted.
- Human Protein Atlas. BMP1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is expressed in porcine ovarian follicles and promotes oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. The Journal of veterinary medical science 2017 — PMC5326928.
- BMP1 is not required for lung fibrosis in mice. Scientific reports 2022 — PMC8971496.
- Inactivation of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (Bmp1) and tolloid-like 1 (Tll1) in cells expressing type I collagen leads to dental and periodontal defects in mice. Journal of molecular histology 2017 — PMC6635762.
- Aberrant connective tissue differentiation towards cartilage and bone underlies human keloids in African Americans. Experimental dermatology 2017 — PMC5466890.
- PubMed PMID:8643539 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:3201241 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:9500680 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BMP1 (Bone morphogenetic protein 1). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A02436 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Colon (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human skin tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02436); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02436); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-BMP1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A02436); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Secreted BMP1 may stain away from expressing cells (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 7 isoforms; propeptide epitopes may miss mature BMP1 (UniProt); Regulation: Regulation unreported in the supplied record (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P13497, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Secreted, Datasheet A02436, PMC5326928, PMC8971496. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BMP1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.