This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
Facts about BPI fold-containing family A member 1.
aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae.
Mouse | |
---|---|
Gene Name: | Bpifa1 |
Uniprot: | P97361 |
Entrez: | 18843 |
Belongs to: |
---|
BPI/LBP/Plunc superfamily |
bA49G10.5; BPIFA1; ligand-binding protein RYA3; LPLUNC3; Lung-specific protein X; LUNX; LUNXNASG; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein; Palate lung and nasal epithelium clone protein; palate, lung and nasal epithelium associated; palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma associated; PLUNC; protein Plunc; Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts; SPLUNC1; SPLUNC1SPURT; tracheal epithelium enriched protein; Tracheal epithelium-enriched protein; Von Ebner protein Hl
Mass (kDA):
28.625 kDA
Mouse | |
---|---|
Location: | 2|2 H1 |
Sequence: | 2; |
Detected in airway epithelia (trachea and lung) and in bronchoalveolar fluid (at protein level). Upper airways, nasopharyngeal epithelium and thymus. Highest expression in the trachea and progressive decrease from proximal (bronchial) to distal (bronchiolar) airways. No expression is detected in the terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles or lung alveoli.
If you are interested in the diagnostic value of the BPIFA1 marker, you have come to the right place. We will go over the history, identification, function, and pathways of this gene. We will also discuss the diagnostic potential of this gene in upper-airway infectious diseases. So what is BPIFA1? What is it used for? Continue reading for more information about the BPIFA1 marking.
The BPIFA1 gene encodes an important protein that is involved in upper airway infections. It has been implicated in diseases and infections of the nose, sinuses, middle ear, tongue, and middle ear. This article describes the history of BPIFA1, its identification, distribution in human tissues, and its potential diagnostic value in upper airway infectious diseases. The next section will address the role that BPIFA1 plays in diseases of upper airway.
Recent studies suggest that elevated BPIFA1 levels may help diagnose airway diseases. It can also help to map biochemical pathways. High levels of BPIFA1 could be used as a biomarker for infection. COPD can be caused by inflammation of your lower airway. With the help of these chemokines, you can diagnose many kinds of infections.
The BPIFA1 Gene is located on chromosomes 20q11.2 containing nine exons. The genes encoding BPIFA1 come from the PLUNC superfamilies. The superfamily's members are divided into two groups: long and short proteins. Both sexes can express the BPIFA1 gene. These results highlight the potential of BPIFA1 being a useful marker for COPD diagnosis.
Despite its potential diagnostic value, the specificity as well as sensitivity of the BPIFA1 test may vary according to the patient's clinical situation. Although there is no treatment for COPD, patients can improve their airway health by reducing IL-13 (a cytokine secreted from many cell types). And BPIFA1 gene expression is regulated by the JNK/c-Jun and ERK pathways.
The BPIFA1 gene, which is expressed in the epithelium of the upper airway, is involved in the inflammatory response to irritants. Its expression in nasal lavage fluids was studied by using RNA sequencing. The BPIFA1 protein inhibits ENaC, which is a ligand binding protein. The protein's restoration ASL shows one of its main molecular mechanisms.
Mice deficient in BPIFA1 were found to have a significant association of eotaxin-3 with BPIFA1. The CC genotype showed higher levels in nasal cells of periostin mRNA. These data were negatively correlative with BPIFA1 mRNA expression. The correlation between periostin mRNA and SPLUNC1 was significantly higher in White subjects than in African Americans.
BPIFA1 is a gene that inhibits lung-damaging inflammasomes. The gene was found in CuFi-1 cells to reduce IL-8 levels. However, it had no significant effect on IL-6 production. In the same manner, the BPIFA1 protein inhibited IL-8. The results support the hypothesis BPIFB1 inhibits lungs-damaging inflammation in patients.
The BPIFA1 gene was also used for studying the response of airway epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa infections. Its production can be linked to the presence P.aeruginosa the airway epithelial-cell model. The full BPIFA1 sequence was transfected into human airway epithelial cells in this study. These cells were transfected by plasmids containing BPIFA1 gene-containing BPIFA1 sequences. They had significantly higher levels BPIFA1.
A number of human breast carcinoma tumors have been found to contain the BPIFA1 genetic mutation. This gene is required to determine if P. Aeruginosa is a pathogen that is host-specific. BPIFA1 gene transcription is also related to the presence a certain protein in the stomach. Boster Bio produced a number specific recombinant bacterial proteins.
A series of biological tests using monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies were used to identify BPIFA1's marker. These antibodies react with BPIFB1 in a variety of animal samples. Boster Bio has used mice and rabbits to develop its antibodies against BPIFB1. This gene may play an important role in innate immune system and modulate cellular reactions to bacterial Lipopolysaccharide. This protein is also part PLUNC, a family of candidate host defense proteins that is expressed in upper airways and the nasopharynx.
The BPIFA1 gene is highly glycosylated, but its antimicrobial activity is inconsistent. BPIFA1 can't be glycosylated because it is produced in E. coli. BPIFA1 that is produced in yeast, however, can undergo glycosylation. It may differ from the BPIFA1 produced in eukaryotic organisms.
BPIFA1 has been expressed in PAO1 bacterial cells. The PAO1-derived strain was infected at a MOI 10. It was then grown to log phase in 2 hours. The supernatant was collected and used to count CFUs. After centrifugation the cell lysates could be prepared. For CFU quantification, serial 10-fold dilutions were carried out overnight at 37degC.
In both a meta-analysis and an independent cohort, rs1078761G was found to be associated with decreased lung function. In both studies, BPIFA1 was linked to lower saliva BPIFB1. BPIFB1 didn't appear to be associated w/ reduced lung function. It could play a role as an immune modulator of CF airway epithelial and other cells. There are numerous studies demonstrating that BPIFA1 is a potential biomarker for lung disease.
In mice, deletion of the BPIFA1 gene increases susceptibility to pulmonary infections. This result supports the idea that BPIFA1 is responsible for regulating ASL volume. It also has antimicrobial abilities. It is also involved in liquid homeostasis and airway protection. Modulation of BPIFA1 may aid in understanding the role of BPIFA1 and airway disease.
In humans, BPIFA1 gene expression correlates with type 2 markers of asthma. It is also associated with asthma patients' pulmonary function. This gene can also be found in nasal cells and saliva. Its role in controlling asthma is unknown. Nevertheless, it is linked with various inflammatory diseases including CF and asthma. However, further research is required to confirm if it is the cause.
BPIFA1 is expressed by all cells in mice, including the epithelium. Evi1Jbo/+ mice do not have as many cells as Evi1Jbo/+ mice. However, this decreases the expression of BPIFA1. BPIFA1 in mice was detected in less then 1% freshly isolated ME mucosa. BPIFA1 expression was significantly lower in mice with Bpifa1 deficiencies than that of WT MMCs. BPIFA1 was also detected in Evi1Jbo/+ mice's inflammatory ear exudates.
BPIFA1 regulates the immune system and could be missing in older mice. This could be caused by prolonged exposure to respiratory irritations or previous bacterial infections. The disease is exacerbated when BPIFA1 is removed from the lungs of old mice.
Although Bpifa1 mutations in mice do not cause spontaneous OM in humans, they are more susceptible to influenza A infections. Bpifa1 deficiencies in mice make them more susceptible to influenza A virus infections. Further studies are needed to determine whether BPIFA1 can regulate the immune system. This will help us understand how BPIFA1 impacts the immune system.
PMID: 10224143 by Weston W.M., et al. Differential display identification of plunc, a novel gene expressed in embryonic palate, nasal epithelium, and adult lung.
PMID: 11396972 by LeClair E.E., et al. Genomic organization of the mouse plunc gene and expression in the developing airways and thymus.