CCR10 / C-C chemokine receptor type 10 · IHC design guide

Design Immunohistochemistry for CCR10

Plan CCR10 paraffin IHC around cytoplasmic staining in several tissues, including immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). This guide pairs the catalog antibody’s documented IHC conditions with HPA tissue controls and its low staining–RNA consistency warning (datasheet A04731-1; HPA tissue IHC).

Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use

Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CCR10 (IHC for CCR10): expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC); membrane expected (UniProt), antibody A04731-1, validated IHC image, and IHC protocol steps — Printable **CCR10** IHC protocol sheet — expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC); membrane expected (UniProt), antibody A04731-1, controls and protocol steps. Open the full CCR10 IHC guide →

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CCR10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide

Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.

Must know before staining

	Expected localisation	Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC); membrane expected (UniProt)
	Staining pattern	Cytoplasmic signal in several tissues, including immune cells (HPA tissue IHC)
	Antigen retrieval	Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04731-1)
	Positive control ⓘ	Adrenal gland+4 more · see all
	Negative control ⓘ	Adipose tissue+4 more · see all

Important caveats

Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.

	Fixation	Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific)
	Caveat	Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC)
	Regulation	Expression varies by tissue (UniProt)
	Isoform / epitope	No annotated isoforms; epitope side may affect access (UniProt)

Section 1

Recommended CCR10 IHC & IF Protocols

The catalog antibody uses citrate pH 6 heat retrieval (datasheet A04731-1). Four published CCR10 IHC protocols provide additional sample-specific conditions (PMC8218397; PMC6862375; PMC4490744; PMC3522182).

Recommended immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) protocol parameters
Sample	Paraffin-embedded human oesophagus squama cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A04731-1)
Fixation	Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04731-1); verify before use.
Sectioning	4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard)
Deparaffinisation	Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard)
Antigen retrieval	Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6, 20 min (datasheet A04731-1)
Peroxidase block	3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard)
Blocking	10% goat serum (datasheet A04731-1)
Primary antibody	Rabbit anti-CCR10, 1μg/ml (datasheet A04731-1)
Primary incubation	Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04731-1)
Detection	Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A04731-1)
Counterstain	Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard)
Expected result	CCR10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, including immune cells. No signal in the no-primary control.

💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6 heat retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A04731-1). The mouse lung protocol instead used proteinase K at pH 8 (PMC4490744).

Section 2

What Is the Expected CCR10 Staining Pattern?

CCR10 is a seven-pass cell-membrane receptor (UniProt P46092 topology and subcellular location). In paraffin-section IHC, HPA reports mainly cytoplasmic staining across several tissues, including immune cells, with medium staining in lung macrophages and colon endothelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Treat this observed pattern cautiously: HPA rates its tissue IHC reliability Uncertain because antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).

What am I looking at on my slide?
Medium cytoplasmic staining in lung macrophages or colon endothelial cells (HPA tissue IHC).	This resembles the reported IHC pattern in those cell types (HPA tissue IHC). Record cell identity and compartment separately; cytoplasmic staining on a section does not, by itself, resolve whether CCR10 is at the plasma membrane (UniProt P46092 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC).
Predominantly nuclear staining, with little cell-associated cytoplasmic or membrane signal.	A nuclear pattern conflicts with CCR10's annotated cell-membrane location and HPA's cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile (UniProt P46092 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). Consider nonspecific detection or an interpretation error; compare the staining with a control section before calling it CCR10 (general IHC practice).
Strong staining in adipocytes or oral-mucosa squamous epithelium.	These cell types were not detected in the supplied HPA tissue IHC observations (HPA tissue IHC). Investigate antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity as possibilities (general IHC practice), while allowing for the reported uncertainty of the HPA tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC).
Similar color across cells, extracellular spaces, and the counterstained section.	Uniform diffuse color lacks the cell-specific distribution needed to interpret a positive IHC result (general IHC practice). Check background with a no-primary control and reassess blocking, antibody concentration, washing, and detection conditions before scoring compartments (general IHC practice).
No visible signal in lung macrophages or colon endothelial cells.	These are reported medium-staining populations, so their absence prompts a technical check, but is not definitive evidence of assay failure (HPA tissue IHC; reliability Uncertain). Confirm the expected cells are present, then examine retrieval, antibody incubation, and detection controls (general IHC practice).

💡Expected CCR10 appearanceCall a cautious positive when identifiable lung macrophages or colon endothelial cells show cell-associated, mainly cytoplasmic medium chromogenic staining; isolated nuclear color or uniform section-wide color is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P46092 subcellular location; general IHC practice).

How each factor affects the staining
Compartment and epitope (UniProt P46092 topology).	CCR10 has 7 transmembrane segments and both extracellular and cytoplasmic regions (UniProt P46092 topology). The supplied record does not locate the antibody epitope, so topology alone cannot predict its staining pattern or establish a retrieval condition (UniProt P46092 topology; supplied evidence).
Choice of comparison tissue (HPA tissue IHC).	Lung macrophages and colon endothelial cells were scored Medium; adipocytes and oral-mucosa squamous epithelial cells were Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Use these as comparisons, while treating discordance cautiously because HPA rates tissue-IHC reliability Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
Antibody evidence (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC).	The listed antibody with an IHC assessment, CAB011684, is rated Uncertain; the other two have no IHC assessment in the supplied HPA antibody list (HPA antibodies). A single stained section therefore cannot resolve antibody specificity, especially given the uncertain tissue profile (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC).
IF/ICC Q&A: What compartment should I expect (HPA subcellular; UniProt P46092)?	HPA calls the endoplasmic reticulum the approved main ICC-IF location, whereas UniProt annotates cell membrane (HPA subcellular; UniProt P46092 subcellular location). These assay-specific observations should be reported separately; the supplied HPA antibodies with ICC assessments are rated Uncertain (HPA antibodies).

Why is my staining missing, weak or wrong?
Situation	Likely cause	Next action
Reported medium-staining cells are present, but the IHC section is blank (HPA tissue IHC).	The result could reflect a detection or incubation problem; HPA's uncertain tissue profile also limits how strongly the expected signal can be assumed (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC).	Check that a detection control worked, verify antibody incubation and section handling, and review retrieval conditions as general IHC checks. Do not assign a CCR10-specific retrieval requirement from these sources (general IHC practice; supplied evidence).
Color is concentrated in nuclei rather than the reported cytoplasmic profile (HPA tissue IHC).	A nuclear-dominant result is discordant with both the reported tissue pattern and UniProt cell-membrane annotation; nonspecific detection is a possibility (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P46092 subcellular location; general IHC practice).	Compare with a no-primary control, inspect the counterstain, and score only cell-associated signal that can be distinguished from background (general IHC practice).
Adipocytes or oral-mucosa squamous cells stain strongly despite a Not detected HPA call (HPA tissue IHC).	Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity may account for unexpected color, although an uncertain reference profile cannot conclusively classify the specimen (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC).	Check a no-primary control and any relevant endogenous-activity control, then reassess whether staining follows recognizable cells and compartments (general IHC practice).
Background obscures the boundary between stained cells and surrounding tissue.	Excess detection signal, insufficient blocking, or inadequate washing can make chromogenic staining difficult to localize (general IHC practice).	Compare control sections, optimize blocking and washing, and adjust primary-antibody concentration within a validated workflow; rescore only after individual cells are distinguishable (general IHC practice).
A sample shows cytoplasmic staining without a clear membrane rim (HPA tissue IHC).	HPA describes a mainly cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile, despite UniProt's cell-membrane annotation; the observations alone do not identify the source of the difference (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P46092 subcellular location).	Document the observed compartment and cell type rather than requiring a continuous membrane outline; weigh the result against controls and HPA's Uncertain reliability rating (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
ICC-IF shows an endoplasmic-reticulum pattern that appears different from the IHC section (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC).	HPA reports approved endoplasmic-reticulum localization in ICC-IF and a mainly cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile; these are observations from different assays (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC).	Interpret each image in its own assay context, noting the listed ICC antibody assessments are Uncertain; do not use the IF pattern alone to validate chromogenic tissue staining (HPA antibodies; HPA subcellular; general IHC practice).

Source: UniProt P46092 Human Protein Atlas tissue Human Protein Atlas subcellular

Experiment evidence

IHC & IF images showing CCR10 staining

IHC analysis of CCR10 using anti-CCR10 antibody (A04731-1). CCR10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human oesophagus squama cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1μg/ml rabbit anti-CCR10 Antibody (A04731-1) overnight at 4°C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC)(Catalog # SA1022) with DAB as the chromogen.

A04731-1 · IHCIHC analysis of CCR10 using anti-CCR10 antibody (A04731-1). CCR10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human oesophagus squama cance

IHC analysis of CCR10 using anti-CCR10 antibody (A04731-1). CCR10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human prostatic cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1μg/ml rabbit anti-CCR10 Antibody (A04731-1) overnight at 4°C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC)(Catalog # SA1022) with DAB as the chromogen.

A04731-1 · IHCIHC analysis of CCR10 using anti-CCR10 antibody (A04731-1). CCR10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human prostatic cancer tissue

HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184451-CCR10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_3677800

HPA · StomachHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Stomach. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184451-CCR10/tissue/stomach+1#imid_3677700

HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184451-CCR10/tissue/colon#imid_3677718

HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184451-CCR10/tissue/liver#imid_3677719

HPA · ICC-IF HeLaHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HeLa, antibody HPA048007; green = CCR10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.

← swipe / scroll for more images →

Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.

Sample controls for CCR10 IHC & IF

🧪Run duodenum first and score its glandular cells for staining (HPA: Medium in duodenal glandular cells). Use oral mucosa squamous epithelium as a negative comparison (HPA: Not detected in oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells); cells outside the positive glandular compartment on the duodenal slide should remain at background, but their status must be verified rather than assumed from the HPA row.

Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)

Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)

ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CCR10 in HeLa, RPTEC/TERT1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), with annotated localisation: Endoplasmic reticulum (approved) (HPA subcellular).

Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control, a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control (caption: rabbit primary antibody), and CCR10-knockout material as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). For the biotin-based DAB workflow, check or block endogenous peroxidase and biotin in the duodenal section (caption: biotinylated secondary, SABC and DAB; standard IHC practice).

⚠️Feasibility: No supplied source reports a CCR10-specific fixation window or fixation effect, and the selected A04731-1 tissue-IHC caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative unreported). The reported paraffin-section workflow uses heat retrieval in citrate buffer at pH 6 for 20 minutes (caption: retrieval conditions); the evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF would be easier. Duodenal endogenous peroxidase or biotin can confound this detection system and should be assessed with the controls above (caption: SABC/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).

HPA tissue IHC evidence for CCR10

Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.

Positive expression · recommended positive controls

Tissue	Cell type	Level	Evidence	Source
Adrenal gland	Glandular cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Cerebellum	Cells in granular layer	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Colon	Endothelial cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Duodenum	Glandular cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Heart muscle	Cardiomyocytes	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →

Undetected expression · recommended negative controls

Tissue	Cell type	Level	Evidence	Source
Adipose tissue	Adipocytes	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Caudate	Glial cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Fallopian tube	Glandular cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Oral mucosa	Squamous epithelial cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Soft tissue	Fibroblasts	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →

Section 3

Advanced CCR10 IHC Tips

Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section workflow as the IHC starting point, and interpret CCR10 staining by cell type, compartment, and controls.

Which retrieval conditions should I start with for CCR10 paraffin-section IHC?

Use heat-mediated citrate retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes before chromogenic CCR10 IHC (datasheet A04731-1; caption A04731-1). The documented paraffin-section example then used 10% goat serum, 1 μg/mL primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and biotin-based DAB detection (caption A04731-1). If staining is weak, first check section retention, heating consistency, and positive-control staining before varying retrieval duration as a controlled comparison (standard IHC practice). Evaluate any change against background and tissue morphology, because stronger brown signal alone does not establish CCR10 specificity (standard IHC practice).

How should I handle fixation when CCR10 staining is weak or inconsistent?

Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected CCR10 image describes a paraffin section but does not report its fixative (caption A04731-1). Record the fixative and fixation interval for each specimen, and compare samples processed alike when investigating variable chromogenic signal (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval at citrate pH 6 for 20 minutes while assessing fixation as one variable, since those retrieval conditions are documented for the catalog antibody (caption A04731-1). If tissue morphology or staining differs across processing batches, repeat a known positive control alongside the affected sections before attributing the difference to CCR10 biology (standard IHC practice).

How should membrane and cytoplasmic CCR10 staining be reconciled?

CCR10 is annotated as a cell-membrane receptor with 7 transmembrane segments (UniProt P46092 topology; UniProt P46092 subcellular location). HPA tissue IHC describes cytoplasmic staining, while its subcellular IF assessment places the protein mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Score membranous and cytoplasmic DAB patterns separately, using the same compartment criteria across sections and observers (standard IHC practice). Because HPA rates its tissue IHC reliability uncertain owing to low consistency with RNA expression, require concordant controls before treating diffuse cytoplasmic staining as specific CCR10 signal (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).

What can CCR10 topology tell me when the antibody epitope is unspecified?

The record lists one 362-amino-acid CCR10 chain and no annotated isoforms, but the antibody’s recognized epitope is not supplied (UniProt P46092 processing and isoforms; caption A04731-1). Its extracellular segments include residues 1–52, whereas the C-terminal 314–362 segment is cytoplasmic, so epitope accessibility could depend on processing (UniProt P46092 topology; standard IHC practice). No glycosylation sites are annotated; that annotation does not identify what the antibody recognizes (UniProt P46092 glycosylation; caption A04731-1). Keep antigen retrieval and detection conditions matched when comparing specimens, and use independent specificity controls to evaluate unexpected staining patterns (standard IHC practice).

How can IF help assess which cells and compartments carry CCR10 signal?

For a separate IF experiment, pair CCR10 with a marker for the expected cell type, such as a macrophage marker when examining lung macrophages (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and consider a far-red channel if tissue autofluorescence obscures shorter-wavelength signal (standard IF practice). Because the antibody epitope is unspecified, compare gentle permeabilisation with an unpermeabilised condition: an extracellular epitope may be accessible at the surface, whereas a cytoplasmic epitope requires membrane access (caption A04731-1; UniProt P46092 topology; standard IF practice). Interpret intracellular overlap cautiously, since HPA reports mainly endoplasmic-reticulum localisation in its subcellular assessment (HPA subcellular).

How do I distinguish CCR10 DAB staining from tissue or detection background?

Start with a no-primary section and assess whether brown deposits follow tissue structures independently of the catalog antibody (standard IHC practice). Include a peroxidase block for DAB detection, and examine whether the biotin-based detection workflow contributes signal in the no-primary control (caption A04731-1; standard IHC practice). The documented section used 10% goat serum before 1 μg/mL rabbit primary antibody overnight at 4°C; apply consistent blocking and washing when comparing runs (caption A04731-1; standard IHC practice). Treat staining concentrated at section edges, folds, or damaged regions as suspect until it persists in intact tissue and passes controls (standard IHC practice).

What is a defensible way to quantify CCR10 staining in paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION

Define the tissue region, cell class, and scoring compartment before reading CCR10 DAB slides, then apply those definitions consistently (standard IHC practice). Report the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, or calculate an H-score from intensity categories and their cell percentages (standard IHC practice). For scattered positive cells, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue and normalise counts to the same measured area across specimens (standard IHC practice). Analyse membranous and cytoplasmic signal separately, and keep interpretation restrained because HPA assigns CCR10 tissue IHC uncertain reliability (UniProt P46092 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).

What evidence supports a genuine CCR10-positive cell in chromogenic IHC?

A credible call combines reproducible cellular staining, an appropriate positive control, and a clean no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Compare cell identity and compartment: CCR10 is annotated at the cell membrane, yet HPA reports cytoplasmic tissue staining and mainly endoplasmic-reticulum localisation in IF (UniProt P46092 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). HPA lists lung macrophages among medium-staining cells, but rates tissue IHC reliability uncertain, so that pattern alone is insufficient to confirm specificity (HPA tissue IHC). Exclude section-edge deposits, necrotic regions, and residual endogenous peroxidase signal before scoring DAB-positive cells as CCR10-positive (standard IHC practice).

Boster reagents

Best CCR10 / C-C chemokine receptor type 10 IHC Antibodies

The catalog antibody has real IHC images from human paraffin sections of oesophageal squamous cancer, prostatic cancer and tonsil; IF images are absent (A04731-1 image captions; catalog applications).

Real IHC data

Anti-GPR2/CCR10 Antibody ®

Cat # A04731-1

View product →

A04731-1 will render with an IHC image from a human paraffin section of oesophageal squamous cancer (A04731-1 image caption). Its other IHC captions show human prostatic cancer and tonsil sections; the catalog lists Human, Mouse and Rat reactivity and IHC and WB applications (A04731-1 image captions; catalog applications and reactivity).

Which to pick: Choose A04731-1 for paraffin-section tissue IHC: its own captions document citrate retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes and primary antibody at 1 μg/ml overnight at 4°C (A04731-1 image captions). The fixative is unreported, and IF/ICC is not listed or illustrated, so there is no supported IF/ICC pick here (A04731-1 image captions; catalog applications and images). For cross-species planning, A04731-1 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody listed as reactive with Human, Mouse and Rat, although the supplied IHC images show human tissue only (catalog host, clonality and reactivity; A04731-1 image captions).

Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.

References

UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P46092 (CCR10_HUMAN, C-C chemokine receptor type 10).
Human Protein Atlas. CCR10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
Human Protein Atlas. CCR10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum..
Human Protein Atlas. CCR10 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
Cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective observational study. Respiratory research 2021 — PMC8218397.
Evaluation of Lymphocyte Migration to Induced Paederus Dermatitis: An Experimental Study in Rats. Indian journal of dermatology 2019 — PMC6862375.
Protective effect of a Protein Epitope Mimetic CCR10 antagonist, POL7085, in a model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Respiratory research 2015 — PMC4490744.
RGS16 attenuates pulmonary Th2/Th17 inflammatory responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2012 — PMC3522182.
PubMed PMID:10725696 — UniProt-cited evidence.
PubMed PMID:10725697 — UniProt-cited evidence.
PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.