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CD1E / T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CD1E
Plan paraffin-section CD1E IHC using the catalog antibody at 1:100 (datasheet: A06184). Lymph-node non-germinal-center cells and tonsil germinal-center cells show medium staining, but tissue IHC reliability is uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CD1E Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Several cell types, including immune cells: cytoplasmic/membranous (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Epididymis+3 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections and controls. (selected-SKU IHC image A06184) | |
| Caveat | Soluble lysosomal CD1e may shift staining in mature dendritic cells (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Maturation alters CD1e processing (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 13 isoforms; extracellular vs cytoplasmic epitope may affect detection (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CD1E IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet) with a published CD1E protocol for paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (PMC10373563).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06184) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06184); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CD1E, 1:100 (datasheet A06184) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CD1E-positive staining in glandular cells of epididymis (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in several different cell types, including immune cells. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); EDTA microwave retrieval is a published alternative (PMC10373563).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CD1E Staining Pattern?
CD1E is associated with the Golgi and endosomal pathway and can become soluble in the lysosome lumen after processing (UniProt P15812). In paraffin-section IHC, expect cytoplasmic and membranous staining in selected cells, including immune cells; listed positive cell populations show Medium staining (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret the pattern cautiously because tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic and membranous staining in lymph-node non-germinal center cells or tonsil germinal center cells. | This matches reported Medium staining in those populations (HPA tissue IHC). An intracellular component is consistent with Golgi, endosomal, and lysosomal localization (UniProt P15812); morphology alone does not establish organelle identity (general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, with little cytoplasmic or membranous signal. | This differs from the reported tissue IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Check for nonspecific staining and detection artefacts using appropriate controls (general IHC practice). A nucleolar ICC-IF location is listed as Uncertain and does not establish a nuclear IHC pattern (HPA subcellular). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells. | Those specified cells are reported as Not detected, making the result discordant with the reference pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible; assess tissue morphology and reagent controls before assigning CD1E positivity (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse color across tissue structures, including areas outside recognizable cells. | This cannot support compartment or cell-type scoring (general IHC practice). Evaluate background with a primary-antibody omission control, review blocking and washes, and compare the pattern with the reported cytoplasmic and membranous profile (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| No signal in a section containing a listed positive cell population. | Check that the relevant cells are present: HPA reports Medium staining in selected lymph-node, tonsil, epididymal, and testicular cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Because overall tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain, one negative section cannot settle whether CD1E is absent (HPA tissue IHC). |
💡Expected CD1E appearanceA plausible positive shows Medium cytoplasmic and membranous staining in a listed positive population, such as lymph-node non-germinal center cells; widespread nuclear color or strong signal in cells listed as Not detected calls for control-based review (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Cell state and processing | CD1E is predominantly at the trans-Golgi network in immature dendritic cells and becomes a cleaved, soluble lysosomal protein in mature dendritic cells (UniProt P15812). Interpret intracellular distribution in light of cell state; these locations do not prescribe a single tissue IHC pattern (UniProt P15812; general IHC practice). |
| Epitope and isoform coverage | CD1E has 13 listed isoforms, a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a transmembrane segment at residues 305–325 (UniProt P15812). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope, so recognition of particular forms cannot be inferred (UniProt P15812). |
| Strength of tissue evidence | The tissue IHC profile is rated Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression have low consistency (HPA tissue IHC). One listed antibody has Uncertain IHC validation; the other has no IHC status supplied (HPA antibodies). Treat unexpected positives as provisional. |
| Antigen retrieval | Target-specific fixation effects are not established by the supplied assay evidence. Verify with a matched IHC source before attributing a result to fixation. |
| IF/ICC Q: What localization is reported? | A: Golgi localization is Supported; additional nucleolar localization is Uncertain in ICC-IF images from JURKAT and REH (HPA subcellular). This is an IF/ICC interpretation note, not a paraffin-section IHC protocol or proof of nucleolar tissue staining. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No staining in the expected positive cells. | The chosen field may lack the reported cell population, or the IHC workflow may have failed (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity on the section, verify the detection controls, and review retrieval and antibody conditions as general IHC variables; do not infer CD1E-specific fixation sensitivity (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclear staining dominates the section. | The location conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic and membranous tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Nucleolar ICC-IF localization is Uncertain (HPA subcellular). | Compare primary-antibody omission and other specificity controls, then reassess the cellular compartment before calling the tissue positive (general IHC practice). |
| Brown signal spreads diffusely across the section. | Background from detection reagents, inadequate blocking, or insufficient washing can obscure cell boundaries (general IHC practice). | Inspect a primary-antibody omission control and review blocking, washing, and detection settings; score CD1E only where cells and compartments remain interpretable (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in a listed negative population. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity may explain signal in cells reported as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Check the exact cell type against HPA, use appropriate reagent controls, and avoid extending a cell-level negative call to every cell in that tissue (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Only scattered cells stain in a nominally positive tissue. | HPA assigns staining to specific cell populations, such as tonsil germinal center cells, rather than the entire section (HPA tissue IHC). | Use morphology to locate the listed population and compare staining within that population; report the scored cell type and compartment (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| A result looks plausible but is difficult to call positive. | The reference tissue profile and one antibody's IHC validation are both Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). | Record intensity, compartment, cell type, and control results separately; seek independent specificity evidence before making a firm biological interpretation (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CD1E staining
A06184 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human-pancreas, antibody was diluted at 1:100
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000158488-CD1E/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_16580375
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000158488-CD1E/tissue/colon#imid_16580301
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000158488-CD1E/tissue/liver#imid_16580310
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000158488-CD1E/tissue/kidney#imid_16580311
HPA · ICC-IF JURKATHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, JURKAT, antibody HPA057769; green = CD1E, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF JURKATHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, JURKAT, antibody HPA057769; green = CD1E, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CD1E IHC & IF
🧪Run lymph node first and expect staining in non-germinal center cells (HPA: Medium in lymph node non-germinal center cells). Use adipose tissue as a negative comparator, where adipocytes are not detected (HPA: Not detected in adipose adipocytes); on the lymph node slide, cells without specific staining should remain at background, without assuming a particular cell type is negative.
Positive control tissue: Epididymis (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CD1E in JURKAT, REH, with annotated localisation: Golgi apparatus (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and clonality; and a CD1E knockout specimen or a validated peptide-block control (standard IHC control practice). For chromogenic lymph node IHC, block endogenous peroxidase and check residual background in the controls (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A CD1E-specific fixation window and antigen-retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence; optimize retrieval empirically for paraffin sections (standard IHC practice). The selected A06184 caption shows paraffin-embedded human pancreas at 1:100, but its fixative is unreported (A06184 tissue-IHC caption). No supplied comparison establishes that frozen sections or IF are easier; lymph node endogenous peroxidase can complicate chromogenic scoring, so interpret staining against the controls (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CD1E
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Non-germinal center cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Leydig cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tonsil | Germinal center cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CD1E IHC Tips
CD1E staining requires compartment aware controls because its membrane associated and soluble forms occupy different sites (UniProt P15812 localisation and processing).
Which retrieval conditions should I try first for weak CD1E staining in paraffin sections?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0 for heat induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). Cool sections consistently, then compare a retrieval run against a matched positive control; inconsistent heating can change staining intensity (standard IHC practice). The catalog antibody has a paraffin embedded human pancreas image at 1:100, but its caption gives no retrieval method or fixative (A06184 caption). If signal remains weak, test a second retrieval condition on serial sections while holding antibody dilution and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Expect intracellular staining as well as membrane associated staining, given CD1E trafficking through Golgi and endosomal compartments (UniProt P15812 localisation).
How should I troubleshoot variable CD1E staining across differently fixed paraffin blocks?
CD1E specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the supplied catalog caption does not state a fixative (A06184 caption). Record each block’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare sections processed with the same retrieval, antibody incubation, and detection steps (standard IHC practice). Use a consistently processed control section in each run so variation between runs does not masquerade as variation between blocks (standard IHC practice). If archived fixation histories are missing, report that limitation and avoid assigning weak staining to CD1E loss (standard IHC practice). Assess morphology and staining together; overprocessing, tissue damage, and uneven section adhesion can complicate interpretation of chromogenic IHC (standard IHC practice).
Should CD1E stain the cell surface or intracellular compartments in tissue IHC?
Expect a compartment dependent pattern: CD1E is mainly in the trans Golgi network of immature dendritic cells and becomes a cleaved soluble protein in lysosome lumens of mature dendritic cells (UniProt P15812 localisation). Its membrane associated form contains a transmembrane segment at residues 305–325 (UniProt P15812 topology). HPA reports cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining, while its supported subcellular location is Golgi (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Compare granular intracellular staining with cell morphology and an appropriate control rather than scoring only a continuous surface rim (standard IHC practice). Treat isolated nuclear or nucleolar signal cautiously because HPA labels its additional nucleolar location uncertain (HPA subcellular).
Could processing or alternative isoforms explain conflicting CD1E staining patterns?
Check the antibody’s documented immunogen or epitope against CD1E processing before comparing staining between specimens (standard IHC practice; UniProt P15812 processing). UniProt lists 13 isoforms and describes membrane associated residues 20–388 and a soluble chain at 32–388 (UniProt P15812 isoforms and processing). An epitope within the removed propeptide, residues 20–31, would not represent the listed soluble chain, whereas a shared region could detect both forms if accessible (UniProt P15812 processing; standard epitope principle). Glycosylation is listed at residues 47 and 84, so document any epitope overlap before attributing staining differences to isoforms (UniProt P15812 glycosylation; standard epitope principle). The supplied caption does not identify this antibody’s epitope (A06184 caption).
How can IF help check the cell type and compartment behind an IHC signal?
On a matched section, multiplex CD1E with a validated dendritic cell marker and include single stain controls to assess overlap (UniProt P15812 tissue specificity; standard IF practice). Choose a red or far red fluorophore after inspecting unstained tissue for autofluorescence, then set exposure and spectral controls before comparing channels (standard IF practice). If the antibody recognises a cytoplasmic facing or lumenal epitope, optimise permeabilisation to reach that epitope; confirm the actual epitope location first (standard IF practice). Golgi centered or vesicular signal is plausible because CD1E traffics through Golgi, endosomes, and lysosomes (UniProt P15812 localisation). Interpret IF as a separate assay: the supplied catalog image documents paraffin IHC at 1:100, not an IF dilution (A06184 caption).
What should I check when CD1E DAB staining spreads across the whole section?
Run a no primary control and inspect whether pigment or endogenous enzyme activity remains in the DAB channel (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Apply a peroxidase block before detection, and verify that the secondary reagent and blocking conditions suit the tissue and primary antibody (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Compare a dilution series around the caption’s 1:100 antibody dilution while keeping incubation and imaging conditions fixed (A06184 caption; standard IHC practice). Pay particular attention to section edges, folds, and damaged areas, where nonspecific deposits can accumulate (standard IHC practice). CD1E can occupy Golgi and endosomal compartments, so diffuse stain without discernible cellular structure warrants a control based reassessment (UniProt P15812 localisation; standard IHC practice).
How should I score CD1E when positive cells and staining compartments vary? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, and keep the same criteria across all slides (standard IHC quantification practice). For an H score, multiply each intensity category from 0–3 by its percentage of eligible cells and sum the products; report the compartment scored (standard IHC quantification practice). Alternatively, report positive cells as a percentage of eligible cells or positive cell density per mm² of viable tissue (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalise to the counted cell population or viable tissue area, and exclude folds and necrotic regions consistently (standard IHC quantification practice). Because HPA rates tissue IHC reliability uncertain, report control performance alongside scores (HPA tissue IHC reliability; standard IHC practice).
When does apparent CD1E positivity deserve caution in chromogenic tissue IHC?
Seek staining in a plausible cell and compartment: UniProt lists dendritic cells and Langerhans cells, with Golgi and endosomal localisation that changes during maturation (UniProt P15812 tissue specificity and localisation). HPA reports medium staining in lymph node non germinal center cells and tonsil germinal center cells, but calls its tissue IHC reliability uncertain because staining and RNA data have low consistency (HPA tissue IHC). Be cautious with isolated nucleolar staining, which HPA marks uncertain (HPA subcellular). Check whether edge staining, necrosis, or signal in a no primary control explains the apparent positive result, including residual endogenous peroxidase activity (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Require a coherent pattern across intact cells and controls before calling CD1E positive (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CD1E / T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated IHC Antibodies
A06184 has a human paraffin-section IHC image and lists IF, though no IF image is supplied (A06184 IHC image caption; catalog applications and IF image alts).
Real IHC data
Anti-CD1E Antibody
Cat # A06184
Only A06184 will render: its IHC image shows paraffin-embedded human pancreas at 1:100 (A06184 IHC image caption). The catalog lists human reactivity and an IF application at 1:50, with no IF image supplied (A06184 catalog reactivity, applications, dilution, IF image alts).
Which to pick: Choose A06184 for human tissue IHC: its own caption documents paraffin-embedded human pancreas at 1:100, but does not report the fixative (A06184 IHC image caption). For human IF, A06184 lists 1:50; A06184-1 lists ICC at 1:50–1:200, but neither supplies an IF/ICC image (A06184 and A06184-1 catalog applications, dilutions, image alts). A06184-1 lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity, yet has no tissue IHC image or IHC application; both are rabbit-hosted with clone unreported (A06184-1 catalog reactivity, applications, IHC image alts, host, clone; A06184 catalog host, clone).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P15812 (CD1E_HUMAN, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated).
- Human Protein Atlas. CD1E tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. CD1E subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to the nucleoli..
- Human Protein Atlas. CD1E antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- The unique immune ecosystems in pediatric brain tumors: integrating single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. Frontiers in immunology 2023 — PMC10716463.
- STK11 mutation impacts CD1E expression to regulate the differentiation of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma. Immunity, inflammation and disease 2023 — PMC10373563.
- PubMed PMID:2467814 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10948205 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CD1E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06184 at 1:100 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Epididymis (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06184); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06184); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CD1E, 1:100 (datasheet A06184); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections and controls. (selected-SKU IHC image A06184); Caveat: Soluble lysosomal CD1e may shift staining in mature dendritic cells (UniProt); Isoform / epitope: 13 isoforms; extracellular vs cytoplasmic epitope may affect detection (UniProt); Regulation: Maturation alters CD1e processing (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P15812, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to…, Datasheet A06184, PMC10373563. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CD1E/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.