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CLDN10 / Claudin-10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CLDN10
Plan paraffin section CLDN10 IHC around membranous renal tubule and glandular staining (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation, retrieval, the catalog antibody’s 1:50–1:200 IHC dilution range (datasheet), and differing renal segment assignments (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CLDN10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Membranous in tissue; tight junctions are the molecular site (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Membranous renal tubules and glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Gallbladder+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Renal staining is assigned to proximal tubules versus TAL (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Tissue-dependent expression; regulator unreported (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; extracellular versus cytoplasmic epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CLDN10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet) is accompanied by three published CLDN10 chromogenic IHC methods (PMC13040358; PMC5191887; PMC11619122).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10653-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10653-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CLDN10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A10653-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CLDN10-positive staining in glandular cells of gallbladder (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Membranous expression in several tissues, most abundant in renal tubules, exocrine pancreas, gall bladder and salivary gland. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen-retrieval setting); use a paper’s stated retrieval conditions when reproducing its method.
Section 2
What Is the Expected CLDN10 Staining Pattern?
CLDN10 is a four-pass membrane protein of tight junctions (UniProt P78369 topology and subcellular location). In paraffin IHC, expect membranous staining in renal tubules and selected glandular epithelia (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates its tissue staining reliability Enhanced, while reporting medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret cell and tissue patterns alongside that qualification.
| Membranous staining in renal tubules and glandular cells. | This fits the HPA tissue IHC profile. HPA reports Medium staining in kidney proximal tubule cell bodies and in gallbladder, pancreatic and salivary glandular cells; it describes the overall pattern as membranous (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear or diffuse cytoplasmic staining, without a convincing membrane pattern. | Treat this as a localization mismatch requiring investigation, rather than a CLDN10-positive call: UniProt places CLDN10 at the cell membrane and tight junction, and HPA describes membranous tissue staining (UniProt P78369; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strong staining in an unexpected cell population within a section. | Check cell identity and assay controls before scoring it as CLDN10. For example, HPA reports adipocytes and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells as Not detected; staining there could reflect nonspecific binding or detection activity (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen appears broadly across cells or tissue without a defined membrane pattern. | Diffuse background does not reproduce the reported CLDN10 distribution (HPA tissue IHC). Review blocking, washing and detection controls as general IHC troubleshooting; background alone cannot establish target expression (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in an expected positive tissue. | First check that the relevant cells are present. HPA reports Medium staining in renal proximal tubule cell bodies and selected glandular cells, so a blank section containing those cells warrants review of antibody and detection performance (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
💡Expected CLDN10 appearanceCall positive when selected renal tubular or glandular cells show discernible membranous staining, typically at the HPA-reported Medium level; isolated nuclear signal or indiscriminate diffuse color is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P78369 subcellular location).
| Membrane topology and epitope location | CLDN10 has four membrane-spanning segments, two extracellular regions and a cytoplasmic C terminus (UniProt P78369 topology). An antibody's epitope location would affect access, but no epitope assignment is supplied here; do not infer a target-specific retrieval requirement. |
| Tissue and cell distribution | HPA reports Medium staining in renal proximal tubule cell bodies and several glandular cell types, but Not detected in listed adipocytes and hematopoietic cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare the correct cell population, rather than treating every cell in a positive organ as positive. |
| Kidney segment assignment | UniProt describes detection in the thick ascending limb, while HPA labels its IHC-positive kidney cells proximal tubules (UniProt P78369 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC). Record the observed compartment and morphology; this evidence alone does not resolve the segment difference. |
| Isoforms and processing | UniProt lists three CLDN10 isoforms, a full-length 1–228 chain, and no annotated signal peptide, propeptide or glycosylation sites (UniProt P78369). Without an antibody epitope or isoform-specific validation, a staining difference cannot be assigned to one isoform or processing event. |
| Strength of antibody evidence | Both listed rabbit polyclonal antibodies have Enhanced IHC validation, and HPA rates the tissue pattern Enhanced with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). Use this support for pattern interpretation while retaining the stated consistency limit. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney section is blank where a positive control was expected. | The relevant tubular cells may be absent, or the staining run may have failed; HPA reports Medium staining in proximal tubule cell bodies (HPA tissue IHC). | Verify morphology and a known-positive section, then review the antibody, retrieval, detection and counterstain steps as general IHC practice. No CLDN10-specific retrieval condition is supplied. |
| A gland-rich positive tissue shows only weak or patchy color. | Cell composition may differ across the section. HPA assigns Medium staining to specified glandular cells, rather than every cell in gallbladder, exocrine pancreas or salivary gland (HPA tissue IHC). | Score the specified glandular population and compare it with a concurrently stained positive tissue. Check general IHC controls before changing assay conditions (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Nuclei stain strongly but membranes are indistinct. | The compartment conflicts with the membrane and tight-junction localization reported for CLDN10 (UniProt P78369; HPA tissue IHC). | Review morphology, counterstain and detection controls; withhold a positive CLDN10 interpretation until a credible membranous pattern is visible (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected cells stain, including a listed negative population. | HPA reports adipocytes and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells as Not detected; unexpected color may arise from nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity, examine a negative control and check the detection system's background. Do not assign the color to CLDN10 on its own (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse color obscures cell borders throughout the section. | This differs from HPA's membranous profile and may reflect general staining background; the supplied CLDN10 evidence does not identify a target-specific cause (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Review blocking, washes and chromogen development alongside a negative control, then assess whether membrane-restricted signal remains (general IHC practice). |
| Can IF/ICC images settle an ambiguous IHC localization? | HPA summarizes CLDN10 as membrane-associated for ICC-IF but supplies no main-location assignment or cell-line ICC-IF images; the listed antibodies have no ICC validation status here (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). | Use the membrane summary only as supporting context. Resolve the paraffin IHC call from section morphology, HPA tissue patterns and appropriate IHC controls (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CLDN10 staining
A10653-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of Claudin-10 (N217) pAb in paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue at 1:100.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_18138683
HPA · Salivary glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Salivary gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/salivary+gland#imid_18125903
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/colon#imid_18138625
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/liver#imid_18125882
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CLDN10 IHC & IF
🧪Run kidney first: proximal tubule cells should stain at the Medium level reported by HPA (HPA: kidney, proximal tubules [cell body], Medium). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: adipocytes, Not detected), and treat kidney interstitial cells as an internal background comparator rather than assuming all unstained cells are confirmed CLDN10-negative.
Positive control tissue: Gallbladder (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CLDN10; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a host- and isotype-matched control for a monoclonal antibody, or host-matched nonimmune IgG for a polyclonal antibody; use CLDN10 knockout material as a biological negative where available. Quench endogenous peroxidase in kidney sections and block endogenous biotin if using biotin-based detection (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and retrieval effect are unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected A10653-1 paraffin-section caption reports 1:100 but does not state the fixative (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). Optimize antigen retrieval empirically, and do not assume frozen sections or IF will be easier from these data. Interpret kidney staining by compartment: HPA assigns Medium staining to proximal tubule cell bodies, while UniProt reports expression in the thick ascending limb (HPA: kidney; UniProt P78369 tissue specificity); kidney endogenous peroxidase can also contribute chromogenic background (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CLDN10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Proximal tubules (cell body) | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Pancreas | Exocrine glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Salivary gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tonsil | Squamous epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CLDN10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CLDN10 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, junctional staining, tissue context and controls before scoring.
How should I retrieve CLDN10 when junctional staining is weak?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0 for heat induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting). Allow sections to cool in buffer, then compare a kidney control with a no primary control processed in the same run (standard IHC practice; HPA: renal tubule staining). If staining remains weak, test a second retrieval condition on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Score crisp cell borders separately from diffuse staining, because CLDN10 is a tight junction membrane protein (UniProt P78369: subcellular location). Do not treat stronger overall color as improved retrieval unless the expected border pattern also improves (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or patchy CLDN10 staining?
Target specific CLDN10 sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the selected paraffin breast carcinoma caption does not report a fixative (caption: A10653-1). Record each specimen’s fixative, fixation duration and processing history before comparing staining intensity across cases (standard IHC practice). If those conditions differ, stain adjacent sections in one run and include a consistently processed positive control to assess variation (standard IHC practice; HPA: renal tubule staining). Check tissue preservation and section adhesion before changing antibody concentration, since damaged morphology can obscure cell borders (standard IHC practice). Report any fixation difference as a possible confounder, without assigning a CLDN10 specific effect (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing CLDN10 staining appear in a tissue section?
Look primarily for membrane associated staining concentrated at epithelial cell contacts, consistent with CLDN10 at tight junctions (UniProt P78369: subcellular location; HPA: membranous tissue expression). In kidney, assess the stained tubular compartment carefully: UniProt reports the thick ascending limb, while HPA lists proximal tubule cell bodies among positive cells (UniProt P78369: tissue specificity; HPA: kidney). Use morphology and an independently validated compartment marker if precise nephron segment assignment matters (standard IHC practice). Compare border staining with cytoplasmic haze on the same section and document both separately (standard IHC practice). Diffuse nuclear staining alone does not match the recorded CLDN10 location (UniProt P78369: subcellular location).
How do isoforms and epitope location affect CLDN10 IHC?
CLDN10 has 3 annotated isoforms and 4 transmembrane segments, so establish which isoforms and sequence region the antibody recognizes before interpreting a negative result (UniProt P78369: isoforms and topology). The recorded extracellular loops span residues 22–80 and 137–160; cytoplasmic regions span 102–115 and 182–228 (UniProt P78369: topology). The selected caption identifies the reagent as N217 but supplies no mapped epitope or isoform coverage (caption: A10653-1). Compare any documented immunogen sequence with isoform sequences before claiming isoform specificity (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval and scoring consistent across sections when testing another antibody against a documented region (standard IHC practice).
How can I assess CLDN10 by multiplex IF on matched sections?
Treat IF as a separate assay requiring its own antibody and control validation; the supplied product image documents paraffin tissue IHC, and HPA lists no ICC/IF images (caption: A10653-1; HPA: subcellular record). Pair CLDN10 with an independently validated epithelial or tubular compartment marker, chosen for the tissue under study (UniProt P78369: tissue specificity; standard IF practice). Place the weaker signal in a bright, spectrally separated channel and consider a far red fluorophore when tissue autofluorescence is prominent (standard IF practice). If the documented epitope is cytoplasmic, titrate gentle permeabilisation; for an extracellular epitope, compare conditions without detergent (UniProt P78369: topology; standard IF practice). Acquire single stain and no primary controls to check bleed through and background (standard IF practice).
What causes diffuse or misleading brown staining in CLDN10 IHC?
Distinguish crisp cell border staining from diffuse color across stroma, nuclei or damaged tissue, given the recorded membrane and tight junction location (UniProt P78369: subcellular location; standard IHC practice). Include no primary and isotype appropriate controls, and inspect whether signal persists when the primary antibody is omitted (standard IHC practice). For peroxidase detection, apply a peroxide block and review endogenous enzyme activity before interpreting DAB deposits as CLDN10 (standard IHC practice). Adjust blocking, washes and antibody titration one variable at a time, using adjacent sections and the same chromogen development time (standard IHC practice). Compare with a positive tissue region in the same run rather than judging background by color intensity alone (HPA: renal tubule expression; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify CLDN10 staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the relevant epithelial or tubular compartment before scoring, and record junctional membrane signal separately from cytoplasmic or stromal color (UniProt P78369: subcellular location; standard IHC practice). For each annotated compartment, report the percentage of positive cells and a prespecified intensity score, or calculate an H score from intensity weighted cell percentages (standard IHC practice). Normalize cell counts to eligible cells in the same compartment; for area based measurements, report positive junction length or stained area per measured tissue area (standard IHC practice). Keep section thickness, retrieval, exposure to DAB and image threshold consistent across comparison groups (standard IHC practice). Exclude folds, torn edges and necrotic regions using rules set before scoring (standard IHC practice).
When is apparent CLDN10 positivity likely to be artefactual?
Favor reproducible epithelial cell border staining over isolated nuclear or diffuse stromal signal, since CLDN10 is recorded at membranes and tight junctions (UniProt P78369: subcellular location). Check whether stained cells fit the tissue context: UniProt reports kidney thick ascending limb and sweat gland clear cells, while HPA reports membranous staining across several tissues (UniProt P78369: tissue specificity; HPA: tissue profile). Treat staining confined to section edges, folds or necrosis as suspect and compare intact interior tissue (standard IHC practice). Investigate DAB color retained in a no primary control as possible endogenous enzyme or detection background (standard IHC practice). Resolve disputed cell identity with morphology and an independently validated marker before making a compartment specific claim (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CLDN10 / Claudin-10 IHC Antibodies
A10653-1 has a real IHC image from a human paraffin section (catalog: IHC image caption); IHC and IF are listed for human, mouse and rat (catalog: applications and reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-Claudin-10 (N217) CLDN10 Antibody
Cat # A10653-1
A10653-1 has an IHC image of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma at 1:100 (catalog: IHC image caption). A10653-1 lists IHC and IF for human, mouse and rat, with no IF image supplied (catalog: applications, reactivity and image records).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose A10653-1: its own image documents human breast carcinoma at 1:100; the fixative is unreported (catalog: IHC image caption). For IF, A10653-1 is listed at 1:50–1:200, but ICC validation is unreported (catalog: applications, IF dilution and image records). A10653-1 is the cross-species option because human, mouse and rat are listed; its rabbit host and polyclonal designation are reported in the catalog and image caption (catalog: reactivity, host and IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P78369 (CLD10_HUMAN, Claudin-10).
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Membrane.
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Multi-omics analysis identifies CLDN10 as a B-cell-associated prognostic biomarker in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 2026 — PMC13040358.
- The role of club cell phenoconversion and migration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging 2016 — PMC5191887.
- Extrajunctional CLDN10 cooperates with LAT1 and accelerates clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2024 — PMC11619122.
- Claudin-10 overexpression suppresses human clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth and metastasis by regulating ATP5O and causing mitochondrial dysfunction. International journal of biological sciences 2022 — PMC8990465.
- PubMed PMID:19383724 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15057823 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CLDN10 (Claudin-10). Expected localisation Membranous in tissue; tight junctions are the molecular site (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A10653-1 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Gallbladder (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10653-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10653-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CLDN10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A10653-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Renal staining is assigned to proximal tubules versus TAL (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; extracellular versus cytoplasmic epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: Tissue-dependent expression; regulator unreported (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P78369, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Membrane, Datasheet A10653-1, PMC13040358, PMC5191887. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CLDN10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.