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CLDN10 / Claudin-10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CLDN10
Plan CLDN10 paraffin IHC around membranous staining in renal tubules and glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). The catalog antibody lists an IHC dilution of 1:50–1:200 (datasheet); interpret renal segments cautiously because UniProt reports TAL expression and HPA lists proximal tubule cell bodies (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CLDN10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Membranous staining in renal and glandular epithelia (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Membranous renal tubules and exocrine or glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Gallbladder+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Renal segment calls differ: TAL versus proximal tubules (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Regulation not specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; check epitope side and variant coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CLDN10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by four published CLDN10 IHC protocols (provided article excerpts).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10653-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10653-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CLDN10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A10653-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CLDN10-positive staining in glandular cells of gallbladder (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Membranous expression in several tissues, most abundant in renal tubules, exocrine pancreas, gall bladder and salivary gland. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting); compare the published retrieval conditions if staining needs optimization.
Section 2
What Is the Expected CLDN10 Staining Pattern?
CLDN10 is a four-pass membrane protein at tight junctions (UniProt P78369 topology and location). In paraffin-section IHC, expect membranous staining in renal tubules and glandular epithelium, especially exocrine pancreas, gallbladder and salivary gland (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue staining “Enhanced,” with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC reliability).
| Membrane-associated staining outlines renal tubular or glandular epithelial cells. | This fits CLDN10 localisation at cell membranes and tight junctions (UniProt P78369 location) and HPA’s membranous tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC). Judge the pattern alongside tissue architecture: a positive chromogenic deposit should be attributable to epithelial cell borders, without requiring every cell or every border to stain equally. |
| Strong, widespread nuclear or purely cytoplasmic staining replaces a discernible membrane pattern. | That compartment disagrees with the annotated membrane and tight-junction location (UniProt P78369 location) and the observed membranous IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Treat it as suspect staining and review morphology, detection controls and antibody conditions before assigning it to CLDN10; the sources do not validate a nuclear pattern. |
| Signal dominates a cell population outside the reported epithelial pattern. | HPA reports staining in renal tubules, exocrine pancreatic cells and glandular cells of gallbladder and salivary gland (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected staining may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; morphology and a detection-only control can help distinguish these possibilities. It does not, by itself, establish new CLDN10 expression. |
| A uniform haze or deposit covers epithelium, stroma and empty areas. | A field-wide pattern cannot be assigned confidently to the membrane-associated signal reported for CLDN10 (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P78369 location). As general IHC practice, assess background with an appropriate negative control, then review blocking, wash steps and detection conditions. Preserve cell-border detail when judging any remaining signal. |
| No convincing staining appears in a known-positive control section. | HPA reports medium staining in renal proximal tubules and in exocrine pancreatic, gallbladder and salivary glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). A blank result in a suitable control leaves the run unvalidated. Check control tissue identity and preservation, antibody and detection steps, and section quality before interpreting an experimental specimen as negative. |
💡Expected CLDN10 appearanceCall positive IHC when medium membrane-associated signal follows renal tubular or reported glandular epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC), consistent with tight-junction localisation (UniProt P78369 location); diffuse nuclear, stromal or field-wide deposit is suspect rather than a confirmed CLDN10 pattern.
| Membrane topology and epitope access | CLDN10 has 4 transmembrane segments, with extracellular and cytoplasmic regions (UniProt P78369 topology). Epitope position for the antibodies listed here is unspecified. For a particular antibody, consult its own epitope information before predicting whether retrieval or permeabilisation will expose the recognised site; topology alone cannot settle that choice. |
| Renal site of staining | UniProt reports CLDN10 in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop, while HPA’s listed IHC positive is proximal-tubule cell body at medium level (UniProt P78369 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC). Identify renal structures morphologically and report the observed compartment. The supplied records do not resolve the difference between those descriptions. |
| Isoform coverage | UniProt lists 3 CLDN10 isoforms (UniProt P78369 isoforms). The supplied antibody entries provide no isoform-specific epitope information (HPA antibody records). A positive result establishes staining with the chosen reagent under its tested conditions; it cannot identify an isoform from these sources alone. |
| IHC validation and expected intensity | HPA lists HPA042348 and CAB012969 as rabbit polyclonal antibodies with “Enhanced” IHC validation (HPA antibody records). Its tissue profile still describes medium consistency with RNA data and medium staining in the listed positive cell types (HPA tissue IHC). Use the validation as support for the pattern, not a promise of uniform staining in every specimen. |
| Q: Can the same pattern be assumed for IF/ICC? | A: HPA summarises a membrane location but supplies no ICC-IF image-bearing cell line or antibody ICC validation in this payload (HPA subcellular; HPA antibody records). UniProt supports a tight-junction and membrane location (UniProt P78369 location). Interpret IF/ICC against its own controls and guide; these IHC observations do not establish an IF/ICC protocol or intensity. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive renal or glandular control is blank. | The run may have failed, or the selected section may lack the reported positive cells; HPA’s listed positive cells stain at medium level (HPA tissue IHC). | Confirm control morphology and the presence of the relevant epithelium. As general IHC practice, verify primary-antibody application, retrieval and chromogenic detection against the reagent instructions before scoring study tissue. |
| Staining appears mainly nuclear or broadly cytoplasmic. | That distribution conflicts with the membrane and tight-junction annotation and HPA’s membranous IHC profile (UniProt P78369 location; HPA tissue IHC). | Inspect cell borders at higher magnification and compare a negative control. If the unexpected compartment persists without credible membrane staining, treat the result as unconfirmed rather than assigning it to CLDN10. |
| Color develops across multiple unrelated cell types or the whole section. | Cross-reactivity, endogenous detection activity or general background are possible IHC explanations; HPA’s reported pattern is epithelial and membranous (HPA tissue IHC). | Use a detection-only control to assess reagent-derived signal, then review blocking and washing as general IHC practice. Reassess whether any remaining deposit follows the reported cells and their membranes. |
| A renal section stains, but the labelled tubule differs from the expected segment. | The source descriptions differ: UniProt names the thick ascending limb, whereas HPA lists proximal-tubule cell body staining (UniProt P78369 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC). | Check segment assignment against section morphology and document the observed cells and compartment. Do not resolve the source difference from stain intensity alone. |
| A listed HPA-negative tissue shows convincing-looking color. | HPA marks adipocytes in adipose tissue and adrenal glandular cells, among other listed examples, as “Not detected” (HPA tissue IHC); staining there warrants scrutiny. | Confirm the cell identity and membrane pattern, then compare negative and known-positive controls. Record the discrepancy as an observation rather than extending the HPA expression profile from one slide. |
| Membrane staining is present, but an isoform-specific conclusion is needed. | UniProt records 3 isoforms, while the supplied antibody records do not identify isoform-specific recognition (UniProt P78369 isoforms; HPA antibody records). | Report CLDN10-associated staining and the antibody identifier. Reserve isoform attribution for separate evidence that establishes which isoform the antibody recognises. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CLDN10 staining
A10653-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of Claudin-10 (N217) pAb in paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue at 1:100.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_18138683
HPA · Salivary glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Salivary gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/salivary+gland#imid_18125903
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/colon#imid_18138625
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000134873-CLDN10/tissue/liver#imid_18125882
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CLDN10 IHC & IF
🧪Run kidney first: proximal tubule cell bodies should stain at the medium level reported by HPA (HPA: kidney, proximal tubules). Use adipose tissue as the negative: adipocytes are not detected (HPA: adipose tissue, adipocytes). On the kidney slide, assess adjacent cells outside the annotated positive compartment as internal background, without assuming that other renal tubules are negative (UniProt P78369: expression in the thick ascending limb).
Positive control tissue: Gallbladder (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CLDN10; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; an irrelevant primary matched to the antibody’s host species, isotype and clonality; and CLDN10-knockout tissue or cells as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase for chromogenic detection and endogenous biotin if using avidin–biotin detection, particularly when interpreting kidney tubules (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A CLDN10-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected A10653-1 paraffin-section caption also leaves the fixative unreported (selected SKU caption). Assess antigen retrieval empirically and score junctional or membrane staining against background (UniProt P78369: tight-junction and cell-membrane localization). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier; kidney tubular background from endogenous biotin is a potential artefact with avidin–biotin detection (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CLDN10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Proximal tubules (cell body) | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Pancreas | Exocrine glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Salivary gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tonsil | Squamous epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CLDN10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CLDN10 staining in paraffin section IHC by checking retrieval, membrane localisation, tissue context, and controls before scoring.
How should I adjust retrieval when CLDN10 junctional staining is weak?
Use citrate pH 6.0 heat induced antigen retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min as the starting condition (page retrieval rule). Run a known positive tissue alongside the study sections, and compare membrane staining after identical cooling, blocking, antibody incubation, and chromogenic detection (HPA: membranous expression in several tissues; standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a longer retrieval interval or an alternative buffer in a small, otherwise matched series, watching for tissue damage and diffuse signal (standard IHC practice). Interpret improved staining by sharper cell borders, since CLDN10 is a tight junction membrane protein (UniProt P78369 localisation).
Could fixation explain inconsistent CLDN10 staining across paraffin blocks?
Target specific fixation sensitivity for CLDN10 is unknown from the supplied evidence; the catalog image identifies paraffin embedded breast carcinoma but gives no fixative (caption: A10653-1). Record each block’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare sections processed with the same retrieval, antibody dilution, and detection run (standard IHC practice). Excessive or variable fixation can change antigen accessibility in IHC generally, so include a consistently processed positive control when investigating weak staining (standard IHC practice). Avoid attributing a block difference to CLDN10 fixation sensitivity until matched material demonstrates it; assess tissue preservation and background at the same time (standard IHC practice).
What staining pattern should count as convincing CLDN10 localisation?
Prioritise crisp epithelial cell border staining, especially at junctional interfaces, because CLDN10 is assigned to tight junctions and the cell membrane (UniProt P78369 localisation). The HPA tissue profile describes membranous expression, with abundant signal in renal tubules, exocrine pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary gland (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Compare suspicious cytoplasmic or nuclear colour with a matched negative control before accepting it as CLDN10 (standard IHC practice; UniProt P78369 localisation). In kidney, annotate the sampled structure: UniProt reports the thick ascending limb, whereas the supplied HPA positive entry names proximal tubule cell bodies, so a generic “renal tubule” label obscures that difference (UniProt P78369 tissue specificity; HPA: kidney positive entry).
How do CLDN10 isoforms and epitope position affect antibody interpretation?
CLDN10 has 3 annotated isoforms and 4 transmembrane segments, with extracellular regions at residues 22–80 and 137–160 and a cytoplasmic tail at 182–228 (UniProt P78369 isoforms and topology). The supplied catalog caption gives no epitope sequence or isoform coverage, so staining cannot establish which isoform the antibody detects (caption: A10653-1). Request an epitope map or use documented isoform specific controls before assigning a pattern to one splice form (standard antibody validation practice). For a mapped cytoplasmic epitope, check whether fixation and retrieval permit access; for a mapped extracellular epitope, evaluate preserved membrane borders under the same IHC conditions (standard IHC practice; UniProt P78369 topology).
How can I assess CLDN10 by multiplex immunofluorescence?
Treat IF as a separate assay: the supplied catalog evidence is a paraffin section IHC image, and the HPA subcellular payload lists no ICC/IF image cell lines (caption: A10653-1; HPA: subcellular). Multiplex CLDN10 with a validated marker for the expected epithelial cell population and require concordant cell identity plus junctional membrane localisation (UniProt P78369 localisation; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence and single stain controls, favouring channels with clear separation from the background (standard IF practice). Once the antibody’s epitope is mapped, optimise permeabilisation for its extracellular or cytoplasmic side; excessive detergent may disrupt membrane borders (UniProt P78369 topology; standard IF practice).
How can I distinguish CLDN10 signal from chromogenic background?
Run no primary and appropriate isotype or secondary reagent controls, then compare their diffuse colour with the candidate junctional signal (standard IHC practice; UniProt P78369 localisation). Include a peroxidase block before chromogenic detection and inspect tissue rich in endogenous pigment or enzyme activity, since these can produce colour unrelated to antibody binding (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody and shorten chromogen development if positive and negative regions darken together; the supplied breast carcinoma image used 1:100, but that is image context, not a universal dilution (caption: A10653-1; standard IHC practice). Preserve identically processed positive tissue while adjusting these steps so reduced background does not conceal true membrane staining (HPA: tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify heterogeneous CLDN10 staining in tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the epithelial compartment and score membrane staining separately from cytoplasmic colour, consistent with CLDN10’s tight junction location (UniProt P78369 localisation; standard IHC scoring practice). Report the percentage of positive cells and intensity strata, or calculate an H-score from those strata; keep thresholds and image acquisition settings fixed across samples (standard IHC scoring practice). Normalise positive counts or stained area to the number or area of evaluable epithelial cells, rather than to total section area when stromal content varies (standard IHC scoring practice). Record sampled structures separately in kidney because the UniProt thick ascending limb description and HPA proximal tubule entry differ (UniProt P78369 tissue specificity; HPA: kidney positive entry).
When is an apparent CLDN10 positive result likely to be artefactual?
A credible result has reproducible membrane border staining in an anatomically appropriate epithelial population, supported by a concurrently stained positive control (UniProt P78369 localisation and tissue specificity; HPA: tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). Be cautious with predominantly nuclear staining, isolated necrotic areas, torn section edges, or uniform colour across unrelated cell types; compare these patterns with no primary controls (UniProt P78369 localisation; standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase blocking if colour persists without primary antibody, because chromogenic enzyme signal can mimic immunostaining (standard IHC practice). The paraffin breast carcinoma caption demonstrates staining with SKU A10653-1 at 1:100, but does not establish the identity of every stained cell or its fixative (caption: A10653-1).
Boster reagents
Best CLDN10 / Claudin-10 IHC Antibodies
A10653-1 has a paraffin-section IHC image from human breast carcinoma (IHC image caption); IF is listed without an IF image (catalog applications; IF image alts). Human, mouse and rat reactivity is listed (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-Claudin-10 (N217) CLDN10 Antibody
Cat # A10653-1
A10653-1 is shown by IHC on paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma at 1:100 (IHC image caption). The catalog lists IHC and IF applications and human, mouse and rat reactivity for A10653-1 (catalog applications; catalog reactivity).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A10653-1 as a rabbit polyclonal antibody with a paraffin-section human breast carcinoma IHC image; the fixative is unreported (catalog host; IHC image caption). For IF, A10653-1 is listed at 1:50–1:200, but no IF image or ICC validation is supplied (catalog applications; catalog IF dilution; IF image alts). For mouse or rat samples, A10653-1 has listed reactivity, while its supplied IHC image shows human tissue only (catalog reactivity; IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P78369 (CLD10_HUMAN, Claudin-10).
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Membrane.
- Human Protein Atlas. CLDN10 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Multi-omics analysis identifies CLDN10 as a B-cell-associated prognostic biomarker in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 2026 — PMC13040358.
- The role of club cell phenoconversion and migration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging 2016 — PMC5191887.
- Extrajunctional CLDN10 cooperates with LAT1 and accelerates clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2024 — PMC11619122.
- Claudin-10 overexpression suppresses human clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth and metastasis by regulating ATP5O and causing mitochondrial dysfunction. International journal of biological sciences 2022 — PMC8990465.
- PubMed PMID:19383724 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15057823 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CLDN10 (Claudin-10). Expected localisation Membranous staining in renal and glandular epithelia (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A10653-1 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Gallbladder (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10653-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10653-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CLDN10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A10653-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Renal segment calls differ: TAL versus proximal tubules (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; check epitope side and variant coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Regulation not specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P78369, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Membrane, Datasheet A10653-1, PMC13040358, PMC5191887. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CLDN10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.