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CMPK1 / UMP-CMP kinase · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CMPK1
Plan chromogenic IHC for CMPK1 in paraffin sections using the cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Appendix glandular cells provide a high-staining reference, while medium staining–RNA consistency makes control review useful when scoring (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CMPK1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and nuclear in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Most tissues show cytoplasmic and nuclear cell staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+1 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA have medium consistency; verify controls (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Ubiquitously expressed (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Three isoforms; epitope impact is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CMPK1 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody IHC-P protocol (datasheet) with the published CMPK1 staining method (PMC8013733 methods).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A07962-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A07962-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: nuclear antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CMPK1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A07962-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CMPK1-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteTry Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min first (page antigen retrieval); the article does not specify retrieval (PMC8013733 methods).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CMPK1 Staining Pattern?
CMPK1 is predominantly cytoplasmic, with less than 15% nuclear localization (UniProt P30085 subcellular location). In tissue IHC, expect cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in many cell types, including glandular and respiratory epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). CMPK1 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P30085 topology). HPA rates the tissue IHC profile Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data and external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic staining, with some nuclear staining, in appendix or duodenal glandular cells. | This fits the reported tissue pattern: both cell populations stain at a High level (HPA tissue IHC). Cytoplasmic predominance is consistent with UniProt, though HPA describes cytoplasmic and nuclear expression across most tissues (UniProt P30085 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Staining appears confined to cell borders or extracellular spaces, with little intracellular signal. | That distribution conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern (HPA tissue IHC) and the absence of a transmembrane segment (UniProt P30085 topology). Treat it as a possible localization artefact; compare with a positive control before assigning it to CMPK1 (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or caudate glial cells. | HPA reports CMPK1 as Not detected in those respective cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Investigate possible cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; an unexpected stain alone cannot identify which explanation applies (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen spreads across tissue and empty spaces without clear cell boundaries. | Diffuse background makes compartment and cell-type calls unreliable (general IHC practice). Compare a matched control and inspect whether the signal follows the HPA cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue pattern before scoring cells as positive (HPA tissue IHC). |
| No detectable staining in appendix or duodenal glandular cells. | Both are reported High in HPA tissue IHC, so a blank result warrants a run-control check (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). HPA's Approved rating still has medium staining–RNA consistency and awaits external verification; it does not guarantee every specimen will stain (HPA tissue IHC). |
💡Expected CMPK1 appearanceCall a convincing positive result when defined cells show intracellular cytoplasmic staining, potentially with nuclear staining, in a reported High population such as appendix glandular cells; isolated border staining or diffuse chromogen is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P30085 topology; general IHC practice).
| Compartment and tissue context | UniProt describes CMPK1 as predominantly cytoplasmic, with less than 15% nuclear localization (UniProt P30085 subcellular location). HPA tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in most tissues, with low tissue RNA specificity; judge the cell type and compartment together (HPA tissue IHC). |
| IHC evidence strength | HPA lists 2 antibodies with Approved IHC status, HPA053730 and HPA058604 (HPA antibodies). Its overall tissue reliability is Approved, with medium staining–RNA consistency and external verification pending; these labels support a reference pattern, not certainty for every slide (HPA tissue IHC). |
| IF/ICC Q: should nucleoplasmic staining count? | Yes: HPA ICC-IF reports nucleoplasm as the supported main location, while UniProt also lists a nuclear pool (HPA subcellular; UniProt P30085 subcellular location). Interpret IF images on their own evidence; HPA tissue IHC describes both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining and does not establish an IF protocol (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Isoforms and epitope coverage | UniProt lists 3 CMPK1 isoforms and a single annotated chain spanning residues 1–196 (UniProt P30085 isoforms; processing). Antibody epitope and isoform coverage are not supplied, so neither an isoform-specific staining pattern nor a retrieval condition can be inferred from this record. |
| Localization versus processing | CMPK1 has no annotated signal peptide, propeptide, or transmembrane segment (UniProt P30085 processing; topology). Its recorded chain spans residues 1–196 (UniProt P30085 processing). These annotations support an intracellular expectation; they do not establish shedding, a fixation effect, or an antigen retrieval requirement. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A known-positive control has no visible signal. | The IHC run may have failed, or signal may fall below detection; the slide alone cannot distinguish these possibilities (general IHC practice). | Check control-tissue integrity, primary-antibody application, detection reagents, and chromogen development (general IHC practice). Appendix or duodenal glandular cells are reported High reference populations (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Only adipocytes or caudate glial cells stain strongly. | That result conflicts with HPA's Not detected calls for those cells (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice). | Review cell identification and compare a matched negative-reagent control with a reported positive tissue (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). Treat persistent unexpected staining as unresolved until independently checked. |
| Signal covers nuclei, cytoplasm, and empty spaces uniformly. | Broad, poorly bounded chromogen can reflect nonspecific staining or detection background (general IHC practice); it cannot establish CMPK1 localization. | Inspect negative controls and background, then optimize blocking and detection conditions using the validated IHC workflow (general IHC practice). Score only cell-associated staining consistent with the reported cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Staining is exclusively membranous. | A membrane-only pattern conflicts with intracellular localization and the lack of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P30085 topology). | Recheck tissue morphology and compare with a known-positive control and a negative-reagent control (general IHC practice). Avoid calling membrane-only signal CMPK1 without independent validation. |
| Nuclear staining seems stronger than the cytoplasmic signal. | HPA tissue IHC includes nuclear staining, while UniProt describes CMPK1 as predominantly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P30085 subcellular location). The two sources do not specify a universal IHC nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. | Assess localization within identified cells and compare controls under the same detection conditions (general IHC practice). Do not reject nuclear signal solely because UniProt reports cytoplasmic predominance. |
| A negative slide prompts changes to fixation or retrieval. | No CMPK1-specific fixation sensitivity or antigen retrieval condition is established by the supplied UniProt and HPA records. | First verify the staining run with a reported positive tissue and routine controls (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). If optimizing retrieval, document it as a general IHC workflow test rather than an established CMPK1 requirement. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CMPK1 staining
A07962-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of UMP-CMP Kinase (E36) pAb in paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue at 1:100.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000162368-CMPK1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_16211167
HPA · Salivary glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Salivary gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000162368-CMPK1/tissue/salivary+gland#imid_16211099
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000162368-CMPK1/tissue/colon#imid_16211093
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000162368-CMPK1/tissue/liver#imid_16211078
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA053730; green = CMPK1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA053730; green = CMPK1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CMPK1 IHC & IF
🧪Run appendix first and expect its glandular cells to stain (HPA: High in appendix glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator, focusing on adipocytes (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the appendix slide, treat unstained non-glandular cells as background references, without assuming they are validated CMPK1-negative cells.
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CMPK1 in MCF-7, PC-3, U2OS, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host-matched nonimmune IgG controls appropriate to the antibody’s clonality, plus CMPK1 knockout material as a biological negative. For chromogenic appendix sections, quench endogenous peroxidase and check for residual background in the no-primary control.
⚠️Feasibility: The selected A07962-1 caption shows paraffin-section IHC at 1:100 in human breast carcinoma but does not report a fixative; a target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). Antigen-retrieval dependence is unreported, so assess retrieval empirically; the supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier, although ICC-IF images are listed (HPA subcellular). In appendix, use the controls to distinguish glandular staining from chromogenic background (HPA: High in appendix glandular cells).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CMPK1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CMPK1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CMPK1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, cell type, controls, and scoring before interpreting signal.
How should I retrieve CMPK1 antigen when paraffin sections stain weakly?
Use Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 heat-induced epitope retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min before chromogenic IHC (page retrieval setting). The selected antibody image documents staining at 1:100 in paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma, but gives no retrieval conditions (caption: A07962-1). If signal is weak, first verify bath temperature, timing, and complete section coverage, then compare a freshly retrieved section with the original run (general IHC practice). Keep antibody dilution and detection conditions constant during that comparison so the retrieval change can be judged (general IHC practice). Assess cytoplasm and nuclei separately because both appear in tissue IHC (HPA: tissue profile).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven CMPK1 staining?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption reports 1:100 antibody dilution but does not state a fixative (caption: A07962-1). Record the fixative and fixation duration for each specimen, and compare sections processed together before attributing a signal difference to CMPK1 abundance (general IHC practice). Apply the page’s Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min consistently across that comparison (page retrieval setting). Inspect morphology and staining across the section for processing gradients, including strongly stained edges (general IHC practice). Tissue expression and protein topology do not establish how this antigen responds to fixation (HPA: tissue profile; UniProt P30085 topology).
Should CMPK1 stain nuclei, cytoplasm, or both in tissue sections?
Score cytoplasmic and nuclear chromogen separately: tissue IHC reports both compartments in most tissues (HPA: tissue profile). UniProt describes CMPK1 as predominantly cytoplasmic, with less than 15% nuclear, whereas supported ICC/IF localisation is mainly nucleoplasmic (UniProt P30085 localisation; HPA: subcellular). These observations make a nuclear signal plausible, but do not set an expected nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio for an individual paraffin section (HPA: tissue profile; general IHC interpretation). Check each compartment at the same exposure and staining threshold across matched sections (general IHC practice). If staining appears exclusively in tissue edges or damaged cells, inspect controls before calling it compartment-specific expression (general IHC practice).
Can this IHC pattern distinguish CMPK1 isoforms or modified epitopes?
Do not assign an isoform from this stain alone: CMPK1 has 3 annotated isoforms, and the supplied antibody caption does not map its epitope (UniProt P30085 isoforms; caption: A07962-1). UniProt lists modifications including phosphoserine at residue 33 and acetyllysine at residues 43 and 55, but their effects on antibody binding are unreported here (UniProt P30085 modified residues). Compare serial sections using the same pH 9.0, 20 min retrieval and 1:100 dilution before assessing pattern differences (page retrieval setting; caption: A07962-1). Document cell type and compartment for each difference (general IHC practice). Isoform or modification claims require independently established epitope specificity (general IHC interpretation).
How can I check CMPK1 localisation by multiplex IF?
On the separate IF/ICC workflow, pair CMPK1 with a cell-type marker such as an epithelial marker when examining glandular cells; HPA reports high staining in appendix glandular cells (HPA: appendix). Include a nuclear counterstain and inspect nuclear and cytoplasmic channels separately because tissue IHC shows both, while ICC/IF reports supported nucleoplasmic localisation (HPA: tissue profile; HPA: subcellular). Choose a spectrally separated far-red fluorophore if shorter-wavelength tissue autofluorescence obscures signal, and inspect a no-primary control (general IF practice). CMPK1 has no transmembrane segment, so permeabilisation should address cytoplasmic and nuclear access rather than a membrane-sided epitope (UniProt P30085 topology; general IF practice). Titrate permeabilisation against morphology and background in the IF assay (general IF practice).
What should I check when CMPK1 chromogenic staining looks diffuse?
Check a no-primary section and the peroxidase block before interpreting diffuse DAB deposition as CMPK1 (general IHC practice). A 3% hydrogen peroxide block for about 10 min is a general starting condition to assess, with tissue compatibility checked locally (general IHC practice). Keep the catalog antibody’s documented 1:100 image dilution as a reference while titrating antibody and wash stringency on adjacent sections (caption: A07962-1; general IHC practice). Compare staining in expected positive cells with adipocytes, which HPA lists as not detected, without treating one negative population as definitive validation (HPA: tissue profile). Examine folds, cut edges, and necrotic regions separately from intact cells (general IHC practice).
How should I quantify CMPK1 across paraffin tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define viable regions and cell classes before scoring, then report cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately because both occur in tissue IHC (HPA: tissue profile; general IHC practice). For each compartment, record the percentage of positive cells and an H-score from 0–300 using intensity grades 0–3 (general IHC practice). When counting stained cells per area, report density per mm² of viable sampled tissue and state the selection rule (general IHC practice). Normalise cell-based results to the number of evaluable cells of the same class, excluding folds and necrosis (general IHC practice). Hold retrieval and detection conditions constant across specimens, including pH 9.0 and 20 min retrieval (page retrieval setting; general IHC practice).
How can I distinguish genuine CMPK1 staining from artefact?
Look for reproducible cellular staining in intact regions: tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic and nuclear CMPK1 in most tissues (HPA: tissue profile). High signal in appendix glandular cells is a useful comparison, while adipocytes are listed as not detected; HPA rates its tissue evidence Approved with medium staining-to-RNA consistency pending external verification (HPA: appendix; HPA: adipose tissue; HPA: reliability). Nuclear staining alone is not automatically artefactual because supported ICC/IF localisation is nucleoplasmic (HPA: subcellular). Suspect artefact when signal tracks cut edges, necrosis, or cell types without a consistent cellular pattern (general IHC practice). Check a no-primary section and peroxidase blocking to assess nonspecific detection and endogenous enzyme signal (general IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CMPK1 / UMP-CMP kinase IHC Antibodies
The catalog antibody has real IHC data in paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue (A07962-1 IHC image caption). Human, mouse and rat are listed as reactive species (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-UMP-CMP Kinase (E36) CMPK1 Antibody
Cat # A07962-1
A07962-1 will render with an IHC image from paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue at 1:100 (A07962-1 IHC image caption). Its listed applications are IHC, IP and WB, with human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog applications/reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A07962-1 for paraffin-section IHC: its rabbit polyclonal antibody has an IHC image from paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue, though the fixative is unreported (catalog host; A07962-1 IHC image caption). No SKU in this payload lists IF/ICC or supplies an IF image, so there is no documented IF/ICC choice here (catalog applications; IF image alts). For mouse or rat IHC, A07962-1 lists reactivity with both species, but its supplied IHC image shows human tissue only (catalog reactivity; A07962-1 IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P30085 (KCY_HUMAN, UMP-CMP kinase).
- Human Protein Atlas. CMPK1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. CMPK1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. CMPK1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Integrated Transcriptomics and Proteomics Identified CMPK1 as a Potential Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2024 — PMC11299646.
- CMPK1 Regulated by miR-130b Attenuates Response to 5-FU Treatment in Gastric Cancer. Frontiers in oncology 2021 — PMC8013733.
- 4EBP1/eIF4E and p70S6K/RPS6 axes play critical and distinct roles in hepatocarcinogenesis driven by AKT and N-Ras proto-oncogenes in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2015 — PMC4280310.
- Oncogenic KSHV-encoded interferon regulatory factor upregulates HMGB2 and CMPK1 expression to promote cell invasion by disrupting a complex lncRNA-OIP5-AS1/miR-218-5p network. PLoS pathogens 2019 — PMC6370251.
- PubMed PMID:10462544 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11681623 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11912132 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CMPK1 (UMP-CMP kinase). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic and nuclear in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A07962-1 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A07962-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A07962-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CMPK1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A07962-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining and RNA have medium consistency; verify controls (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Three isoforms; epitope impact is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: Ubiquitously expressed (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P30085, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm., Datasheet A07962-1, PMC8013733. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CMPK1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.