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CPT2 / Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CPT2
Plan CPT2 IHC on paraffin sections with catalog antibody M02112 at 1:50 (datasheet: M02112). Assess cytoplasmic staining by cell type, using the reported staining in glandular cells and kidney collecting ducts as references (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CPT2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02112) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M02112) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Liver-enhanced RNA expression (HPA tissue RNA) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans aa 26–658 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CPT2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol is followed by published CPT2 chromogenic IHC protocols for GM tissue and renal cortex (PMC11308078; PMC13297011).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human acinic cell carcinoma of parotid tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02112) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02112); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02112); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M02112) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone FGB-3) anti-CPT2, 1:50 (datasheet M02112) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02112) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M02112) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CPT2-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet: M02112); citrate pH 6.0 is a published alternative (PMC13297011).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CPT2 Staining Pattern?
CPT2 is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, with annotated matrix-facing regions and no transmembrane segment (UniProt P23786 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect cytoplasmic staining in appropriate cells, including glandular cells of colon and stomach and kidney collecting ducts, all rated High by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). HPA describes cytoplasmic expression in most tissues and rates the tissue IHC profile Enhanced, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC).
| Distinct cytoplasmic chromogen in colon or stomach glandular cells, or kidney collecting ducts, with comparatively clear nuclei. | This fits the High cell-specific staining reported in these sites (HPA tissue IHC). The cytoplasmic appearance is compatible with mitochondrial CPT2 (UniProt P23786 topology); conventional chromogenic IHC alone cannot establish that each stained structure is a mitochondrion. Compare the cells within the section as well as the overall tissue signal. |
| Predominantly nuclear or nucleolar chromogen in tissue IHC, with little convincing cytoplasmic signal. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch against the HPA cytoplasmic tissue profile and UniProt mitochondrial location (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23786 topology). Investigate antibody specificity and detection background before calling it CPT2. HPA reports uncertain nucleoplasmic and nucleolar signals in ICC-IF, so those observations do not establish an expected nuclear IHC pattern (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining in HPA-listed negative cells, such as adipocytes or lymph-node germinal-center cells. | HPA reports CPT2 as Not detected in those particular cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected signal may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (standard IHC practice). Check the identity of the stained cells and the no-primary control; a negative rating for one cell population does not make every cell in that tissue a negative control. |
| Diffuse chromogen across stroma, nuclei, and empty spaces, obscuring cell boundaries. | A field-wide haze does not match the reported cytoplasmic, cell-dependent profile (HPA tissue IHC). Nonspecific primary binding, incomplete blocking, or detection background are possible general IHC causes (standard IHC practice). Assess a no-primary control and optimize blocking and washes before interpreting weak cellular color as a positive result. |
| No convincing signal in an otherwise evaluable section containing colon or stomach glandular cells, or kidney collecting ducts. | Those cell types are rated High by HPA, making absent signal a reason to check the assay (HPA tissue IHC). Confirm tissue identity and section quality, then review the catalog antibody's IHC-P dilution and detection controls (standard IHC practice). HPA's Enhanced rating describes evidence for the staining profile; it does not guarantee a positive result in every preparation (HPA tissue IHC). |
💡Expected CPT2 appearanceCall a positive result when chromogen is predominantly cytoplasmic in HPA High cells such as colon glandular cells or kidney collecting ducts, with clear nuclei; strong isolated nuclear or cell-independent staining warrants investigation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23786 topology).
| Subcellular interpretation | UniProt places CPT2 at the mitochondrial inner membrane and annotates matrix regions at residues 26–178 and 209–658, without a transmembrane segment (UniProt P23786 topology). Use this to judge compartment plausibility, while recognizing that routine chromogenic IHC usually reads as cytoplasmic signal rather than resolvable membrane topology (standard IHC practice). |
| Choice of comparison cells | HPA rates glandular cells in adrenal gland, colon, duodenum, gallbladder, rectum, and stomach; kidney collecting ducts; and placental syncytiotrophoblasts High (HPA tissue IHC). Its Not detected calls apply to named cells, including adipocytes and lymph-node germinal-center cells, rather than entire organs (HPA tissue IHC). Select controls by cell population. |
| Antibody validation | HPA lists IHC as Enhanced for HPA028201 and HPA028202, and Supported for HPA028214 (HPA antibodies). Enhanced reflects reproduction by independent antibodies or orthogonal data under the supplied definition. These ratings support the tissue pattern; they do not validate an unrelated catalog antibody or establish its working dilution (HPA antibodies; standard IHC practice). |
| Processing and antigen retrieval | UniProt annotates a mature CPT2 chain spanning residues 26–658 and no glycosylation sites (UniProt P23786 processing). The supplied sources do not map the catalog antibody epitope or report CPT2-specific retrieval or fixation sensitivity. Follow the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions for retrieval, then optimize against appropriate cell controls (standard IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Positive-control glandular cells are blank. | A failed staining run, unsuitable antibody dilution, or ineffective detection are possible general IHC causes; the listed glandular cells are High in HPA (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Verify the section and control identity, follow the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions, and check that the detection system worked on a separate assay control (standard IHC practice). |
| Color fills the section or appears in the no-primary control. | Endogenous enzyme activity or detection-reagent background can produce chromogen without specific primary binding (standard IHC practice). | Apply the appropriate endogenous-activity block for the detection chemistry, inspect the no-primary control, and review washes and detection-reagent exposure (standard IHC practice). |
| Negative-control cells stain strongly, but the no-primary control is clear. | Primary-antibody cross-reactivity or nonspecific binding is possible; adipocytes and lymph-node germinal-center cells are Not detected in HPA tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity, review the IHC-validated antibody's dilution and blocking conditions, and compare with an independently validated antibody when available (standard IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei or nucleoli show a strong IHC signal. | That pattern conflicts with HPA's cytoplasmic tissue profile and UniProt's mitochondrial assignment; HPA's nuclear ICC-IF locations are uncertain (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF; UniProt P23786 topology). | Check cytoplasmic positive-control cells and no-primary background before scoring. Seek independent antibody confirmation if nuclear staining persists (standard IHC practice). |
| Weak cytoplasmic staining is hard to separate from background. | HPA includes Low calls for thyroid glandular cells, cortical neurons, and several other populations; weak signal can also be obscured by routine IHC background (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Anchor interpretation to an HPA High cell population, compare matched controls, and optimize blocking, washes, and catalog-recommended dilution (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Q: Should IF/ICC show the same pattern as tissue IHC? | HPA supports a mitochondrial ICC-IF location but marks nucleoplasm and nucleoli uncertain; these are separate observations from the cytoplasmic tissue IHC profile (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC). | A: Expect mitochondrial signal in IF/ICC, and treat nuclear signal cautiously. Use the separate IF/ICC guide for assay design; do not transfer an IHC-P condition to IF/ICC without validation (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; standard IF practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CPT2 staining
M02112 · IHCIHC analysis of CPT2 using anti-CPT2 antibody (M02112). CPT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human acinic cell carcinoma of p
M02112 · IHCIHC analysis of CPT2 using anti-CPT2 antibody (M02112). CPT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human acinic cell carcinoma of p
M02112 · IFImmunofluorescent analysis of MCF-7 cells, using CPT2 Antibody.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000157184-CPT2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_7047568
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000157184-CPT2/tissue/colon#imid_7047486
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000157184-CPT2/tissue/liver#imid_7047495
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000157184-CPT2/tissue/kidney#imid_7047480
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA028214; green = CPT2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA028214; green = CPT2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CPT2 IHC & IF
🧪Run kidney first: collecting ducts show High CPT2 staining (HPA: kidney collecting ducts, High). Use lymph node germinal center cells as the negative tissue comparator (HPA: Not detected); on the kidney slide, neighboring cells without specific cytoplasmic staining should show only counterstain or background, but their CPT2-negative status is unverified by the supplied HPA rows.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CPT2 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (uncertain), Mitochondria (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype controls (selected M02112 caption: rabbit primary), plus a CPT2-knockout biological control if available (standard IHC specificity practice). For kidney, quench endogenous peroxidase before HRP/DAB detection and control endogenous biotin if using a biotin-based system (standard IHC practice; selected M02112 caption: HRP/DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected M02112 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected M02112 caption). The caption demonstrates heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required (selected M02112 caption). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier; ICC-IF supports mitochondrial localization, while kidney assays should account for endogenous peroxidase and, with biotin-based detection, endogenous biotin (HPA: mitochondria supported; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CPT2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Collecting ducts | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Ovarian stroma cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CPT2 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CPT2 staining in paraffin-section chromogenic IHC, with one entry for planning a separate IF experiment.
How should I optimize antigen retrieval when CPT2 staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin-section IHC (datasheet M02112). Keep retrieval temperature and duration consistent across test sections, then compare staining at the documented 1:50 primary dilution with a no-primary control (datasheet M02112; standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a shorter or longer heating interval on matched sections before changing buffers (standard IHC practice). Only as a fallback, compare citrate at pH 6.0 with the EDTA condition, recording tissue preservation and background (standard IHC practice). Judge improvement by reproducible cytoplasmic staining in expected cells, since CPT2 is associated with mitochondria (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23786 subcellular location).
Can fixation explain weak CPT2 staining in my paraffin sections?
The selected image documents a paraffin-embedded section but does not state its fixative, so target-specific CPT2 fixation sensitivity is unknown (caption M02112). Do not infer a preferred fixative or fixation time from the tissue staining pattern or CPT2 topology (caption M02112; HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23786 topology). Record the actual fixative and duration for each specimen, and compare matched material processed under the same retrieval and detection conditions (standard IHC practice). Use the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 1:50 primary dilution as starting conditions when appropriate (datasheet M02112). If signal differs across processing batches, inspect morphology and control sections before attributing the difference to CPT2 abundance (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing CPT2 staining appear in tissue IHC?
Expect cytoplasmic staining compatible with mitochondrial distribution, because CPT2 is assigned to the mitochondrial inner membrane and HPA reports cytoplasmic expression in most tissues (UniProt P23786 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). Matrix-facing regions span residues 26–178 and 209–658, although the antibody epitope is not specified here (UniProt P23786 topology; caption M02112). Assess staining within intact cells and compare its distribution with the tissue's preserved morphology (standard IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in kidney collecting ducts and colon glandular cells, which can serve as contextual positive references (HPA tissue IHC). Isolated nuclear or diffuse extracellular DAB should prompt control review; HPA mitochondrial localization is supported, whereas its nucleoplasmic assignment is uncertain (HPA subcellular; standard IHC practice).
Could an isoform or masked epitope explain variable CPT2 staining?
No CPT2 isoforms are listed in the supplied record, so an isoform-specific explanation is unsupported here (UniProt P23786 isoforms). The mature chain spans residues 26–658, and matrix-facing regions are annotated at 26–178 and 209–658 (UniProt P23786 processing and topology). The selected caption does not identify the antibody epitope, so do not claim that retrieval exposes a particular residue or membrane face (caption M02112). Several modified lysines are annotated, including residues 69, 79, 85, and 239, but their effect on this antibody's staining is unknown (UniProt P23786 modified residues; caption M02112). Compare retrieval conditions on matched sections and seek epitope documentation before assigning variable staining to modification (standard IHC practice).
How can I assess CPT2 localisation by IF alongside tissue IHC?
Treat IF as a separate assay and confirm that the chosen antibody and specimen preparation are suitable before interpreting colocalisation (standard IF practice). Multiplex CPT2 with a validated marker of the expected cell population, such as the relevant glandular cells or kidney collecting ducts in the specimen, and include a mitochondrial marker to assess subcellular distribution (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23786 subcellular location; standard IF practice). Choose well-separated fluorophores and favor a longer-wavelength channel for the weaker signal if tissue autofluorescence interferes (standard IF practice). Because the annotated CPT2 regions face the mitochondrial matrix, optimize permeabilisation for antibody access while checking mitochondrial morphology; the actual antibody epitope is unspecified (UniProt P23786 topology; caption M02112; standard IF practice). HPA supports mitochondrial IF localization but labels nucleoplasmic localization uncertain (HPA subcellular).
How do I reduce diffuse or excessive DAB background?
Check a no-primary section and inspect whether color develops outside intact cells before changing the CPT2 primary concentration (standard IHC practice). The selected protocol uses 10% goat serum blocking, 1:50 rabbit primary overnight at 4°C, and a peroxidase-conjugated secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C (caption M02112). Include a peroxidase block and controlled DAB development as general chromogenic IHC steps, then review washing and secondary-only controls if background persists (standard IHC practice). Shorten DAB development or titrate primary concentration on matched sections while retaining a positive control (standard IHC practice). Interpret widespread precipitate cautiously because the expected tissue pattern is cytoplasmic rather than extracellular (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify CPT2 staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Score CPT2 within a prespecified cell population and tissue region, since HPA reports cell-specific differences across tissues (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). An H-score combines the percentage of cells at each intensity from 0 to 3, giving a 0–300 range; record the percentage positive separately when useful (standard IHC practice). For spatial comparisons, count positive cells per mm² of viable analyzed tissue and state the threshold used (standard IHC practice). Normalize comparisons to the same cell type, sampled area, staining batch, and exposure to DAB development, with reference sections run alongside samples (standard IHC practice). Exclude folds, edges, and necrotic regions using a consistent prespecified rule (standard IHC practice).
What distinguishes true CPT2 positivity from staining artefact?
Give greatest weight to reproducible cytoplasmic staining in intact cells, consistent with CPT2's mitochondrial assignment and HPA's tissue staining profile (UniProt P23786 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). High signal in kidney collecting ducts or colon glandular cells is compatible with HPA observations, while a mismatch in cell population needs control review (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). HPA lists mitochondrial localization as supported but nucleoplasmic localization as uncertain, so isolated nuclear DAB is insufficient evidence for a nuclear CPT2 pool (HPA subcellular; standard IHC practice). Discount staining restricted to section edges, necrotic areas, or no-primary controls, and check endogenous peroxidase when DAB appears without specific primary binding (standard IHC practice). Confirm any unexpected pattern in independently processed sections under the same scoring criteria (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CPT2 / Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial IHC Antibodies
Catalog antibody M02112 has human paraffin-section IHC images and an MCF-7 IF image (M02112 image captions); both antibodies list Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity (catalog applications/reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-CPT2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M02112
M02112 lists IHC and ICC/IF, with IHC images from human parotid acinic cell carcinoma and cervical cancer paraffin sections and an IF image from MCF-7 cells (M02112 applications/image captions). A02112-1 lists IHC and Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity, but has no IHC image in the supplied catalog (A02112-1 applications/reactivity/image alts).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M02112: its own image captions document paraffin sections, EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, and 1:50 primary dilution; the fixative is unreported (M02112 IHC image captions). For IF/ICC, choose M02112 because ICC/IF is listed and its IF caption identifies MCF-7 cells (M02112 applications/IF image caption). For cross-species planning, both SKUs list Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity; M02112 is monoclonal, while A02112-1 is an IHC-listed rabbit antibody without a supplied IHC image (catalog reactivity/host/clone/applications/image alts).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P23786 (CPT2_HUMAN, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial).
- Human Protein Atlas. CPT2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. CPT2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and mitochondria. In addition localized to the nucleoli..
- Human Protein Atlas. CPT2 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- Proteomics Analysis Provides Insights into the Role of Lipid Metabolism in T2DM-Related Sarcopenia. ACS omega 2024 — PMC11308078.
- Identification of a lipid metabolism-related gene for cancer immunotherapy. Frontiers in pharmacology 2023 — PMC10213444.
- Schisandrin B Attenuates Renal Fibrotic Remodeling in Association with Restoration of a PPARα-Related Tubular Fatty-Acid Oxidation Program. Biomedicines 2026 — PMC13297011.
- SIRT3 mediates CPT2 delactylation to enhance mitochondrial function and proliferation in goat granulosa cells. Journal of animal science and biotechnology 2025 — PMC12269156.
- PubMed PMID:1988962 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:1961767 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:7711730 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CPT2 (Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02112). Validated IHC antibody: M02112 at 1:50 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human acinic cell carcinoma of parotid tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02112); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02112); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02112); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M02112); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone FGB-3) anti-CPT2, 1:50 (datasheet M02112); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02112). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M02112); Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans aa 26–658 (UniProt); Regulation: Liver-enhanced RNA expression (HPA tissue RNA). Evidence: UniProt P23786, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and mitochondria. In addition…, Datasheet M02112, PMC11308078, PMC13297011. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CPT2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.