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- Table of Contents
This guide sets nuclear staining expectations for CREBBP in paraffin-section IHC (HPA tissue IHC). Use colon glandular cells as a positive reference (HPA tissue IHC), then score nuclear and cytoplasmic signal separately (UniProt).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Ubiquitous nuclear staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclei across tissues; strong in colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen) | |
| Positive control | Cerebellum+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | UV damage can shift CREBBP from nucleus to cytoplasm (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | ALX1 promotes nuclear relocalization (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope differences are unspecified (UniProt) |
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet) with published CREBBP staining in valve tissue (PMC7411470), mouse molars (PMC11967410), and human bladder cancer (PMC4411067).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00205-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00205-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: nuclear antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CREBBP, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A00205-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CREBBP-positive staining in cells in granular layer of cerebellum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
CREBBP should stain mainly nuclei across many tissue cell types (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; IHC reliability Supported). High staining is reported in cerebellar granular-layer cells, cervical squamous epithelium and colonic glands (HPA: tissue IHC). UniProt also lists cytoplasmic localization under specified conditions; CREBBP has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q92793: localization and topology).
| Nuclear chromogen in the expected cells, with clearly visible counterstained tissue architecture. | This fits the reported ubiquitous nuclear IHC pattern (HPA: tissue IHC, Supported). Compare nuclei within the same section and a known-positive control before judging relative intensity; HPA levels describe observed staining, not a universal cutoff for each run (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic or surface staining, with little nuclear signal in an otherwise intact section. | Check specificity and detection background because routine tissue IHC is reported as nuclear and CREBBP has no membrane-spanning segment (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q92793: topology). Cytoplasmic localization is possible in specified contexts, including after UV damage, so compartment alone cannot prove an artefact (UniProt Q92793: localization). |
| Strong staining in a cell population expected to stain at a low level, while the expected nuclei are weak. | For example, HPA reports low staining in adipocytes and high staining in colonic glandular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity and compare a control section; a low HPA level is not evidence that a cell type must be negative (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse color over nuclei, cytoplasm and empty spaces, obscuring cell boundaries. | Treat this as background until controls distinguish specific nuclear staining from nonspecific antibody binding or detection activity (standard IHC practice). It does not resemble the reported ubiquitous nuclear pattern (HPA: tissue IHC); avoid scoring faint nuclei through a similarly colored background. |
| No nuclear signal in a known-positive tissue on the same run. | A negative test section cannot be interpreted confidently if the positive control also fails (standard IHC practice). Cerebellar granular-layer cells, cervical squamous epithelium and colonic glands are reported high-staining examples (HPA: tissue IHC); troubleshoot the run before calling the sample CREBBP-negative. |
| Tissue and cell population | HPA reports ubiquitous nuclear expression but different staining levels: high in colonic glandular cells and low in skeletal-muscle myocytes, among other examples (HPA: tissue IHC). Select a documented high-staining population for the positive control; do not turn the low group into a negative control (standard IHC practice). |
| Compartment and context | The main tissue IHC expectation is nuclear (HPA: tissue IHC). UniProt lists both nucleus and cytoplasm, with relocalization after UV damage or in the presence of ALX1 (UniProt Q92793: localization). A contextual cytoplasmic signal needs corroboration; routine cytoplasmic color alone does not establish relocalization (standard IHC practice). |
| Antibody validation | HPA lists Supported IHC validation for HPA055861 and CAB004212 (HPA: antibodies). This supports interpretation of the reported pattern for those antibodies; it does not validate a different catalog antibody or supply its dilution, retrieval conditions or performance in every tissue (HPA: antibodies; standard IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and epitope | UniProt records two CREBBP isoforms and KIX, bromodomain and HAT regions (UniProt Q92793: isoforms and domains). The payload gives no IHC antibody epitope, so isoform coverage or domain-dependent staining cannot be inferred for the catalog antibody; consult its own epitope information if available (standard IHC practice). |
| IF/ICC Q: What pattern should be expected? | A: Mainly nucleoplasm and nuclear bodies, with both listed as enhanced locations (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). This supports an IF/ICC localization expectation only; the separate IF/ICC guide should handle its protocol, and the ICC image pattern does not define chromogenic tissue intensity (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The high-staining positive control has no nuclear chromogen. | The run may have failed at antibody binding, antigen retrieval or chromogenic detection; this pattern alone does not identify which step failed (standard IHC practice). | Check the antibody's IHC-P instructions, control-slide handling and detection reagents, then repeat with a documented high-staining population such as colonic glands (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC, High in colonic glandular cells). |
| Color is mainly cytoplasmic or follows cell outlines. | Nonspecific binding or detection background is possible; routine HPA tissue staining is nuclear (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). Context-dependent cytoplasmic CREBBP remains possible (UniProt Q92793: localization). | Compare the positive control and a matched detection control, then assess whether nuclei carry independent signal before interpreting relocalization (standard IHC practice). |
| Low-staining populations appear stronger than expected. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity may contribute; HPA's low category does not mean absent expression (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare cell morphology and nuclear distribution with a high-staining control; include an appropriate antibody-omission detection control when evaluating chromogenic background (standard IHC practice). |
| Diffuse chromogen obscures the nuclear pattern. | Nonspecific binding, insufficient washing or endogenous chromogenic activity can raise background in IHC (standard IHC practice). | Review blocking, washing and detection controls, and titrate the IHC-validated antibody using its instructions; score only nuclei distinguishable from surrounding background (standard IHC practice). |
| Only scattered nuclei stain in a tissue expected to show broad expression. | Uneven section processing or detection may be involved, while cell-to-cell intensity can also vary; HPA describes ubiquitous nuclear expression without requiring identical intensity in every cell (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). | Inspect section quality and within-slide staining uniformity, then compare the same run's positive control before assigning a biological distribution (standard IHC practice). |
| A sample is called negative despite a weak counterstain or damaged morphology. | Cell identity and nuclear boundaries may be unreliable, limiting interpretation of the reported nuclear pattern (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). | Review an intact section with interpretable counterstain and a successful positive control; report the sample as indeterminate if those requirements are unmet (standard IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — High consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Cells in endometrial stroma | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: CREBBP is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Troubleshoot CREBBP staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, nuclear localisation, controls and scoring before interpreting changes in signal.
Anti-CREBBP antibodies have IHC images from human and mouse tissues and an IF image from HeLa cells (catalog image captions); all three list human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity).
A00205-3 has IHC images from paraffin-embedded human tonsil and lung carcinoma (catalog IHC captions); M00205-1 has IHC images from human pancreas and mouse colon (catalog IHC captions). A00205-1 has an IHC image from paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma and an IF image from HeLa cells, each with a peptide-blocked comparison (catalog IHC and IF captions).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose A00205-3 for its two tissue images with primary-omission controls; its listed IHC dilution is 1:50–1:200, and the captions do not report a fixative (catalog IHC captions and dilution). For cell IF/ICC, start with A00205-1 because its IF image shows HeLa cells with a peptide-blocked comparison; its listed IF dilution is 1:200–1:1000 (catalog IF caption and dilution). For work spanning species, M00205-1 offers a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody with IHC images from human and mouse tissue and listed rat reactivity; all three SKUs list human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog description, IHC captions and reactivity).