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CSRP1 / Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CSRP1
Plan CSRP1 chromogenic IHC on paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s 1:50–1:200 IHC dilution range (datasheet). Colon glandular cells show high staining, but HPA flags possible cross-gene staining, so interpret the tissue pattern cautiously (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CSRP1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic/membranous (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cells in most tissues: cytoplasmic/membranous staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Possible cross-gene staining; reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms; chain 1–193, no transmembrane segment (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CSRP1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody's IHC-P protocol (datasheet) is accompanied by three published CSRP1 IHC methods (PMC11849366; PMC9932535; PMC2847390).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06894-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06894-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: nuclear antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CSRP1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06894-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CSRP1-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval); compare citrate retrieval reported in the published methods (PMC11849366; PMC9932535; PMC2847390).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CSRP1 Staining Pattern?
In tissue IHC, expect chiefly cytoplasmic and membranous CSRP1 staining, including strong staining in appendix and colon glandular cells, kidney tubular cells, and cerebellar granular-layer cells (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret this pattern cautiously: HPA rates its IHC evidence Uncertain because the antibody may recognize proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC). UniProt lists the nucleus as a location and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt P21291).
| Strong, cell-associated cytoplasmic or membranous staining in appendix or colon glandular cells, with limited background (HPA tissue IHC). | This matches the reported tissue pattern, but appearance alone does not establish target specificity: HPA rates its IHC evidence Uncertain because recognition of proteins from more than one gene remains possible (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, especially where cytoplasmic and membranous staining is absent. | This departs from the reported tissue IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Nuclear localization is listed by UniProt, however, so do not automatically call it an artifact; assess controls and seek independent confirmation (UniProt P21291; general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in a cell population reported as undetected, such as adipocytes or cardiomyocytes (HPA tissue IHC). | Treat the discrepancy as a specificity warning, not proof of expression. Antibody cross-reactivity is plausible given HPA’s caution; endogenous detection activity can also mimic chromogenic staining (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse chromogen over tissue and empty areas, obscuring cell borders or compartments. | A slide-wide haze does not resemble the reported cell-associated pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Nonspecific antibody binding or detection background is possible; use a no-primary control to locate the source (general IHC practice). |
| No detectable staining in appendix or colon glandular cells despite an intact tissue section (HPA tissue IHC). | These are reported High cell populations, so a blank result warrants review of the staining run before biological interpretation (HPA tissue IHC). Check controls, retrieval, antibody conditions, and detection as general IHC troubleshooting (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected CSRP1 appearanceA convincing positive shows strong, cell-associated cytoplasmic and membranous staining in an HPA High population such as colon glandular cells; diffuse haze or isolated staining in HPA-undetected cells is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports High staining in appendix and colon glandular cells and kidney tubular cells, while adipocytes and cardiomyocytes are Not detected; score the specified cells, not the whole organ (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Antibody validation | The listed rabbit polyclonal antibody HPA045617 has Uncertain IHC status; HPA cautions that it may recognize proteins from more than one gene. A matching pattern therefore needs independent support (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Compartment interpretation | HPA describes cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining, whereas UniProt lists the nucleus and no transmembrane segment. Membrane-adjacent chromogen does not establish membrane insertion; assess compartments cautiously (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P21291). |
| IF/ICC evidence | HPA provides no main subcellular location or ICC-IF image-bearing cell lines in this payload, and lists no ICC status for HPA045617. Tissue IHC distribution cannot validate an IF/ICC pattern (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). |
| Detection controls | Endogenous enzyme activity or nonspecific detection can resemble positive chromogen. A no-primary control helps distinguish detection background from primary-antibody-associated signal (general IHC practice). This does not resolve the HPA specificity caution (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Reported High cells are blank while the section remains present (HPA tissue IHC). | A staining-run failure is possible; a blank slide alone cannot establish CSRP1 absence (general IHC practice). | Check positive and no-primary controls, then review retrieval, antibody dilution, incubation, and chromogenic detection as general IHC steps (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen covers both tissue and cell-free regions. | Detection background or nonspecific reagent deposition is possible; this differs from HPA’s cell-associated tissue profile (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). | Inspect the no-primary control and wash steps; adjust blocking or detection conditions according to the assay controls (general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei stain strongly in a tissue reported to show cytoplasmic and membranous staining (HPA tissue IHC). | The result conflicts with HPA tissue IHC, although UniProt lists nuclear localization; compartment alone cannot decide specificity (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P21291). | Compare positive and negative cell populations on the same run and seek independent target confirmation before calling the nuclear signal CSRP1 (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or cardiomyocytes stain strongly despite HPA reporting Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). | Cross-reactivity is plausible under HPA’s Uncertain assessment; endogenous detection activity is another general IHC possibility (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Check the no-primary control and compare with an independent antibody or orthogonal assay before interpreting those cells as positive (general IHC practice). |
| Membranous staining appears without the expected staining in reported High cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). | Membrane appearance alone is weak evidence: UniProt reports no transmembrane segment, and HPA flags uncertain antibody specificity (UniProt P21291; HPA tissue IHC). | Score cell identity and compartment together, inspect controls, and obtain independent confirmation if the distribution still conflicts with HPA tissue IHC (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| An IF/ICC image appears to match the tissue IHC pattern. | The supplied HPA subcellular record has no ICC-IF image-bearing cell lines or main location, and HPA045617 has no listed ICC status (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). | Treat the image as an IF/ICC result requiring its own validation and controls; do not use it alone to confirm tissue IHC specificity (general IHC practice; HPA antibodies). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CSRP1 staining
A06894-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of CSRP1 pAb in paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma tissue at 1:50.showing nucleus staining. Ne
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000159176-CSRP1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_12385853
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000159176-CSRP1/tissue/colon#imid_12385787
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000159176-CSRP1/tissue/liver#imid_12385788
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000159176-CSRP1/tissue/kidney#imid_12385797
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CSRP1 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue, with adipocytes expected at background (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); treat non-glandular cells on the colon slide as candidate internal negatives only after independently confirming their status.
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CSRP1; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species, clonality, and concentration; and a CSRP1 knockout or validated peptide-block control. For chromogenic detection, block endogenous peroxidase and check for endogenous biotin if using the caption’s avidin–biotin method (selected-SKU caption: avidin–peroxidase detection).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative unreported). CSRP1-specific antigen retrieval dependence is unreported; optimize retrieval empirically for paraffin IHC. The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier, or identify a tissue-specific artefact.
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CSRP1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Caution, targets protein from more than one gene. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CSRP1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CSRP1 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections with matched controls, compartment-aware scoring, and caution around conflicting localisation evidence.
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for CSRP1 paraffin sections?
Start with Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). Cool sections consistently, then compare staining with a no-primary control; retrieval can expose antigen while also increasing nonspecific signal (standard IHC practice). The selected antibody caption reports nuclear staining in paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma at 1:50, but gives no retrieval conditions (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption). If staining remains weak, vary retrieval time in small increments before testing another buffer, and judge each condition by cellular localisation and control staining rather than signal intensity alone (standard IHC practice; UniProt P21291: nucleus).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven CSRP1 staining?
CSRP1-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption). Record each specimen’s fixative, fixation duration, processing history, and section age, then compare matched sections under identical retrieval and detection conditions (standard IHC practice). Uneven staining near section edges or damaged areas warrants checking tissue adhesion, section thickness, and processing before changing the primary antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Use a consistently processed positive-control section alongside each run; do not infer a CSRP1-specific fixation effect from its reported nuclear localisation or modified residues (UniProt P21291: nucleus and modified residues).
How should I assess nuclear versus cytoplasmic CSRP1 staining?
Score nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately because UniProt lists CSRP1 in the nucleus, while HPA describes cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (UniProt P21291: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile). The selected antibody image describes nuclear staining in paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma, with a PBS-for-primary negative control (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption). Review the same cell types across serial sections and check whether apparent membrane signal follows tissue boundaries or nonspecific edge staining (standard IHC practice). Treat compartment assignments as provisional because HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence uncertain and flags possible recognition of proteins from more than one gene (HPA: reliability).
What should I check if the antibody misses CSRP1 in expected cells?
Confirm that the antibody’s stated immunogen or epitope matches the intended CSRP1 sequence; the supplied record lists one 193-aa chain and 0 annotated isoforms (UniProt P21291: processing and isoforms). Two LIM zinc-binding regions span residues 10–61 and 119–170, and several modified residues are annotated, so document epitope location when available without assuming a modification blocks binding (UniProt P21291: domains and modified residues). Compare a dilution series with matched retrieval and a no-primary control to distinguish weak recognition from excessive background (standard IHC practice). Seek an independent antibody or orthogonal evidence before assigning discordant compartment staining to an unannotated isoform (UniProt P21291: isoforms; standard IHC practice).
How can I examine CSRP1 by IF alongside a cell-type marker?
For a separate IF assay, pair CSRP1 with a validated marker for the cell type under study and keep single-stain controls for spectral overlap (standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after examining unstained tissue autofluorescence, favouring a brighter, spectrally distinct channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). CSRP1 has no annotated transmembrane segment and is listed in the nucleus, so test gentle permeabilisation that permits access to an intracellular epitope (UniProt P21291: topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice). Validate fixation and antibody performance within IF itself; the selected antibody’s paraffin-section caption reports IHC staining and does not establish IF conditions (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption).
What should I change when CSRP1 IHC has diffuse brown background?
Run a no-primary section through secondary antibody, avidin-peroxidase, and chromogen steps; the selected antibody caption used PBS instead of primary for its negative control (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection, and check whether residual colour appears in both test and control sections (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary around the caption’s 1:50 condition, adjusting wash stringency and protein blocking one variable at a time (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption; standard IHC practice). Distinguish diffuse precipitate or edge staining from cell-associated signal before interpreting cytoplasmic or membranous colour as CSRP1, particularly given HPA’s uncertain antibody reliability (standard IHC practice; HPA: reliability).
How should I quantify CSRP1 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, then report percentage of positive cells with an intensity-based H-score for each compartment (standard IHC practice; UniProt P21291: nucleus). Keep thresholds, illumination, chromogen development, and counterstain consistent across slides, with blinded scoring where feasible (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to evaluable cells, or report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue when cell counts are impractical (standard IHC practice). Analyse nuclear and cytoplasmic results separately and document the antibody used, because the selected image reports nuclear staining whereas HPA describes mainly cytoplasmic and membranous staining with uncertain reliability (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption; HPA: tissue IHC profile and reliability).
When is CSRP1 staining convincing rather than an artefact?
A convincing result is reproducible in the same cell population and compartment, persists across comparable sections, and exceeds the matched no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Compare nuclear staining against the selected antibody image and UniProt localisation, while assessing cytoplasmic or membranous staining against HPA’s differing, uncertain tissue profile (A06894-1 tissue-IHC caption; UniProt P21291: nucleus; HPA: profile and reliability). Check whether colour instead tracks cut edges, necrotic areas, extracellular deposits, or endogenous peroxidase activity (standard IHC practice). Use an independent antibody or orthogonal measurement when compartment or cell-type assignments drive the conclusion, since HPA warns its tissue IHC reagent may recognise proteins from more than one gene (HPA: reliability).
Boster reagents
Best CSRP1 / Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 IHC Antibodies
The catalog lists one anti-CSRP1 antibody for human, mouse and rat IHC and ICC (catalog: A06894-1 applications and reactivity). Its image documents paraffin-section IHC; no IF image is supplied (catalog: A06894-1 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-CSRP1 Antibody
Cat # A06894-1
A06894-1 has an IHC image from paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma tissue at 1:50, with nuclear staining and a PBS primary-omission control (A06894-1 IHC image caption). IHC and ICC are listed applications, and human, mouse and rat are listed as reactive species; no IF image is supplied (catalog: A06894-1 applications, reactivity and image captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A06894-1: its own image documents paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma sections at 1:50, but does not report the fixative (A06894-1 IHC image caption). For IF/ICC, A06894-1 has an ICC listing and a 1:50–1:200 catalog dilution range, with no IF image supplied (catalog: A06894-1 applications, dilution and image captions). For cross-species work, A06894-1 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody listed as reactive with human, mouse and rat; the supplied tissue image documents human IHC only (catalog: A06894-1 host, clonality and reactivity; A06894-1 IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P21291 (CSRP1_HUMAN, Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. CSRP1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. CSRP1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in HeLa: 609.2 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. CSRP1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Identification of CSRP1 as novel biomarker for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer by the combination of clinical and functional research. Cancer cell international 2025 — PMC11849366.
- Identification of immune related gene signature for predicting prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients. Frontiers in immunology 2023 — PMC9932535.
- CSRP1 expression is associated with a mesenchymal, stroma-rich tumor profile and poor prognosis in colon cancer. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2023 — PMC10760585.
- O Labeling for a Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Glycoproteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clinical proteomics 2008 — PMC2847390.
- PubMed PMID:2115670 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:1374386 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CSRP1 (Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic/membranous (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06894-1 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human esophageal carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06894-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06894-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CSRP1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06894-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Possible cross-gene staining; reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No annotated isoforms; chain 1–193, no transmembrane segment (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P21291, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in HeLa: 609.2 nTPM, Datasheet A06894-1, PMC11849366, PMC9932535. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CSRP1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.