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CUEDC1 / CUE domain-containing protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CUEDC1
Plan chromogenic CUEDC1 IHC on paraffin sections using the catalog antibody's starting concentration of 2 μg/mL (datasheet: A17855). Compare cytoplasmic signal with the high staining reported in cerebellar Purkinje cells and stomach glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CUEDC1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic; high in Purkinje and stomach glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Cerebellum+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin section fixation consistent across samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining–RNA agreement is medium; verify specificity (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CUEDC1 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol with published CUEDC1 staining in NSCLC tumors (PMC7655170) and patient and mouse tissue sections (PMC12664147).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A17855); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CUEDC1, 2 μg/mL (datasheet A17855) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CUEDC1-positive staining in purkinje cells of cerebellum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 heat retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); the cited excerpts do not specify retrieval conditions.
Section 2
What Is the Expected CUEDC1 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic CUEDC1 staining, strongest in cerebellar Purkinje cells and stomach glandular cells (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in both cell types). UniProt reports no transmembrane segment and does not annotate a subcellular location (UniProt Q9NWM3 topology and subcellular record). Treat the tissue pattern as a guide: HPA rates its IHC evidence Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data and external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC).
| Clear cytoplasmic staining in Purkinje cells or stomach glandular cells. | This matches the strongest listed tissue IHC signals (HPA: High in both cell types). Assess the expected cells and their cytoplasm before judging the section positive; HPA's Approved rating still carries a medium-consistency caveat (HPA tissue IHC). |
| A prominent nuclear-only pattern in otherwise intact expected cells. | Nuclear-only staining conflicts with the reported general cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Consider staining artefact or an unrelated signal and check the IHC-validated antibody's controls (general IHC practice). UniProt provides no subcellular annotation that would resolve the discrepancy (UniProt Q9NWM3). |
| Strong staining mainly in cells outside the reported positive populations. | Compare the stained cell types with the tissue's HPA entry before calling the result CUEDC1-specific (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogen-generating activity may contribute to unexpected staining; appropriate negative controls help distinguish these possibilities (general chromogenic IHC practice). |
| Diffuse colour across cells and surrounding tissue without clear cell boundaries. | This is difficult to score as the reported cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Background can arise from nonspecific antibody binding, detection reagents or inadequate washing (general IHC practice); a matched negative control helps locate its source (general IHC practice). |
| No detectable signal in Purkinje cells or stomach glandular cells. | These are the listed High populations, so absence of staining calls for a run-level check before a biological interpretation (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Examine tissue integrity, antibody and detection controls, then review retrieval and reagent performance (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected CUEDC1 appearanceCall a paraffin-section result positive when distinct cytoplasmic colour appears in Purkinje cells or stomach glandular cells, the High HPA populations; diffuse colour or a dominant nuclear-only signal does not match the reported tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC).
| Choice of reference tissue | Cerebellar Purkinje cells and stomach glandular cells provide the clearest listed positives (High); several other listed cell types are Medium, while spleen red-pulp cells are Low (HPA tissue IHC). Low is not a documented negative control (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strength of tissue evidence | The tissue pattern is Approved, but staining and RNA have medium consistency and external verification is pending (HPA tissue IHC). Both listed antibodies have Approved IHC status; no Enhanced IHC designation is supplied (HPA antibodies). |
| Topology and processing | UniProt lists no transmembrane segment, signal peptide, propeptide or processed chain beyond residues 1–386 (UniProt Q9NWM3 topology and processing). These facts do not establish where an IHC antibody's epitope lies or how retrieval will affect it. |
| Isoforms and antibody epitope | UniProt lists 2 isoforms and a CUE domain at residues 46–89 (UniProt Q9NWM3). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform coverage; do not interpret differing signals as isoform-specific without separate validation. |
| Q: Should ICC-IF puncta define the IHC pattern? | A: HPA ICC-IF reports plasma membrane, primary cilium, centrosome and basal body as main locations, plus other locations (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). Its tissue IHC summary is general cytoplasmic expression (HPA tissue IHC); use each application's own evidence when interpreting images. |
| Chromogenic detection background | Endogenous enzyme activity and nonspecific reagent binding can add colour in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). A negative detection control helps assess that background; the supplied CUEDC1 sources do not identify a target-specific endogenous-activity problem. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive cells appear blank. | A failed staining run, ineffective retrieval or detection, or damaged tissue is possible (general IHC practice); HPA lists Purkinje and stomach glandular cells as High (HPA tissue IHC). | Check tissue morphology and positive and negative run controls, then review the antibody, retrieval and detection steps (general IHC practice). Do not infer CUEDC1 absence from this slide alone. |
| Colour is widespread and diffuse. | Nonspecific binding, residual detection reagents or insufficient washing can obscure cell-level staining (general IHC practice). | Compare with a control lacking primary antibody; review blocking, washing and detection conditions (general IHC practice). Score only interpretable cellular staining against the HPA cytoplasmic reference (HPA tissue IHC). |
| A nuclear-only signal dominates. | The pattern disagrees with general cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); its cause cannot be assigned from this record. | Inspect the negative control and repeat interpretation in a listed High population (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). Treat persistent nuclear-only colour as unconfirmed CUEDC1 staining. |
| Unexpected cell types stain strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogen-generating activity is possible (general IHC practice); HPA lists staining levels for specific cell populations, not every cell type (HPA tissue IHC). | Identify the stained cells, compare their tissue entry with HPA, and examine primary-antibody and detection controls before assigning specificity (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Spleen red-pulp cells stain faintly or appear blank. | HPA lists these cells as Low, with no negative tissue listed (HPA tissue IHC). A weak result there alone cannot establish assay failure. | Use a listed High population to judge whether the run detected CUEDC1, and apply the same scoring threshold consistently (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| IHC differs from an ICC-IF image. | HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue IHC but multiple main and additional ICC-IF locations (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). The records do not explain a particular image-level difference. | Interpret the paraffin section against the tissue IHC reference and its controls; assess the ICC-IF image under that application's own evidence (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CUEDC1 staining
A17855 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of CUEDC1 in human liver tissue with CUEDC1 antibody at 2 μg/mL.
A17855 · IFImmunofluorescence of CUEDC1 in human liver tissue with CUEDC1 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180891-CUEDC1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_6810165
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180891-CUEDC1/tissue/colon#imid_6797566
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180891-CUEDC1/tissue/liver#imid_6041335
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180891-CUEDC1/tissue/kidney#imid_6797568
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA024836; green = CUEDC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA024836; green = CUEDC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CUEDC1 IHC & IF
🧪Run cerebellum first and confirm staining in Purkinje cells (HPA: High in Purkinje cells). HPA detects CUEDC1 in all 45 scored tissues, so there is no HPA negative tissue; use no-primary and isotype controls, and judge cells without specific staining on the positive slide by counterstain and background signal only (HPA: no negative tissue listed; standard IHC practice).
Positive control tissue: Cerebellum (Purkinje cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: CUEDC1 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CUEDC1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, ASC52telo, RPTEC/TERT1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), with annotated localisation: Plasma membrane (approved), Primary cilium (approved), Centrosome (approved), Basal body (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only slide and a control immunoglobulin matched to the primary antibody’s host species and, as applicable, monoclonal isotype or polyclonal IgG class (standard IHC practice). A CUEDC1 knockout specimen is a stronger biological negative if available; quench endogenous peroxidase for chromogenic IHC and check cerebellar neuronal autofluorescence when using IF (standard IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A CUEDC1-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported in the supplied evidence, and the selected A17855 liver IHC caption does not state a fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative unreported). Antigen retrieval requirements for paraffin sections are also unreported, so retrieval conditions need empirical optimization; the evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier (supplied target/application evidence). In cerebellar IF, neuronal lipofuscin autofluorescence can complicate signal assessment (standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CUEDC1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Stomach | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: CUEDC1 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced CUEDC1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CUEDC1 staining in paraffin section IHC by checking retrieval, compartment, controls, and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
What retrieval conditions should I try first for CUEDC1 IHC?
Use citrate pH 6.0 heat induced epitope retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting). Allow sections to cool in retrieval buffer, then compare them with a no retrieval section processed in the same staining run (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test an alternative retrieval buffer or pH on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration and detection conditions fixed (standard IHC practice). Excess retrieval can damage morphology or increase diffuse staining, so judge signal together with intact cell boundaries and a negative control (standard IHC practice). CUEDC1 has no annotated transmembrane segment, but that annotation does not establish its retrieval sensitivity (UniProt Q9NWM3 topology).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven CUEDC1 staining?
CUEDC1 specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected liver IHC caption states an antibody concentration of 2 µg/mL but gives no fixative (A17855 tissue IHC caption). Record fixative, fixation duration, section age, and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). For a controlled pilot, compare adjacent sections from material fixed under documented conditions, using the same citrate pH 6.0 retrieval and detection run (page retrieval setting; standard IHC practice). Evaluate morphology and a positive tissue control alongside CUEDC1 staining, because weak signal alone cannot identify the responsible processing step (standard IHC practice). Do not infer fixation sensitivity from tissue expression or sequence annotations (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NWM3).
Which staining compartments are plausible in CUEDC1 tissue IHC?
Expect a general cytoplasmic tissue staining pattern when assessing chromogenic IHC (HPA tissue IHC profile). The subcellular dataset also reports approved plasma membrane, primary cilium, centrosome, basal body, and cytosol locations, among other structures (HPA subcellular). Those small structures may be difficult to resolve reliably in routine brightfield sections, so record cytoplasmic and membrane patterns separately rather than assigning puncta to a cilium (standard IHC interpretation). Compare the pattern within identifiable cells on serial sections and check whether it persists across staining runs (standard IHC practice). UniProt supplies no subcellular annotation and reports no transmembrane segment; neither fact alone resolves which tissue pattern is specific (UniProt Q9NWM3).
How can isoforms or epitope placement affect CUEDC1 IHC?
CUEDC1 has 2 annotated isoforms and a CUE domain at residues 46–89 (UniProt Q9NWM3). Determine the catalog antibody’s immunogen or mapped epitope before interpreting differences between specimens, because the supplied evidence does not locate its epitope or establish isoform coverage (catalog evidence supplied; UniProt Q9NWM3). If an epitope lies in sequence absent from one isoform, that antibody cannot be assumed to detect both isoforms equally (standard antibody interpretation). Compare adjacent sections with an independently validated antibody targeting a documented, distinct region if such a reagent is available (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval at citrate pH 6.0 during that comparison so epitope coverage is the main variable (page retrieval setting).
How should IF findings guide multiplex validation of CUEDC1 IHC?
Use IF as a spatial cross check for chromogenic IHC, while interpreting each assay within its own controls (standard IHC/IF practice). For multiplexing, pair CUEDC1 with a marker that identifies the cell population under study; Purkinje cells are a documented high staining population in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). Choose fluorophores after inspecting unstained tissue for autofluorescence, and separate marker channels with single stain controls (standard IF practice). Plan permeabilisation around the mapped epitope: an intracellular epitope requires access across the plasma membrane, whereas a surface exposed epitope may be obscured by unnecessary permeabilisation (standard IF practice). HPA reports approved plasma membrane and cytosol localisation, but the supplied evidence does not map this antibody’s epitope (HPA subcellular; catalog evidence supplied).
What should I check when CUEDC1 DAB staining looks diffuse?
Inspect a no primary control and a matched positive section in the same run to distinguish detection background from loss of antigen signal (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection, and assess whether residual enzyme activity contributes to brown signal; these are general DAB workflow checks (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody around the documented 2 µg/mL liver image concentration while holding retrieval and exposure time constant (A17855 tissue IHC caption; standard IHC practice). Check tissue edges, folds, drying, and precipitated chromogen before treating diffuse colour as CUEDC1 localisation (standard IHC practice). General cytoplasmic expression is reported, but that profile alone cannot validate uniform staining across every cell (HPA tissue IHC profile).
How should I quantify CUEDC1 chromogenic staining across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because CUEDC1 tissue IHC has a general cytoplasmic profile while other subcellular locations are reported separately (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). For comparable sections, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score based on intensity categories, using the same threshold and image settings throughout (standard IHC quantification practice). If counting discrete positive cells, report density per mm² of evaluable tissue and exclude folds, necrosis, and empty space (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalize comparisons to the relevant cell count or evaluable tissue area, and include a shared reference section across staining runs (standard IHC practice). Record retrieval as citrate pH 6.0, 95–98 °C, 20 min when using this page’s setting (page retrieval setting).
What distinguishes credible CUEDC1 positivity from staining artefact?
Interpret chromogenic signal in identifiable cells and expected compartments, using the reported general cytoplasmic tissue pattern as one reference (HPA tissue IHC profile). High staining in cerebellar Purkinje cells and stomach glandular cells offers documented comparison populations, while spleen red pulp cells are reported low (HPA tissue IHC). Treat strong staining confined to section edges, necrotic regions, or tissue folds as suspect until it repeats in intact tissue (standard IHC practice). Check a no primary control and endogenous peroxidase block when brown signal appears in an unexpected compartment or cell population (standard IHC practice). HPA labels its tissue staining Approved with medium RNA agreement and pending external verification, so a single positive section is insufficient confirmation (HPA tissue IHC reliability).
Boster reagents
Best CUEDC1 / CUE domain-containing protein 1 IHC Antibodies
A17855 has real CUEDC1 IHC and IF images from human liver tissue (catalog image captions); its listed reactivity includes human, mouse and rat (catalog: reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-CUEDC1 Antibody
Cat # A17855
A17855 is listed for IHC-P and IF, with human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog: applications and reactivity). Its IHC and IF images show human liver tissue at 2 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL, respectively (catalog: image captions).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose A17855: IHC-P is listed, and its own IHC image shows human liver tissue at 2 μg/mL; the fixative is unreported (catalog: applications and IHC image caption). For IF, A17855 has a human liver tissue image at 20 μg/mL; ICC is not separately listed, and clonality is unreported (catalog: IF image caption, applications and clone field). For mouse or rat samples, A17855 lists both species as reactive, but its IHC and IF images document human tissue only (catalog: reactivity and image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9NWM3 (CUED1_HUMAN, CUE domain-containing protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. CUEDC1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. CUEDC1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the plasma membrane, centrosome, primary cilium and basal body. In addition localized to the cytosol, microtubules, cytokinetic bridge, mitotic spindle and primary cilium tip..
- Human Protein Atlas. CUEDC1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- CUEDC1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TβRI/Smad signaling pathway and suppresses tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging 2020 — PMC7655170.
- CUEDC1 promotes glycolytic metabolism reprogramming through the CUEDC1/CACNG4/PI3K axis to promote ER-positive breast cancer growth. Cellular & molecular biology letters 2025 — PMC12664147.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CUEDC1 (CUE domain-containing protein 1). Expected localisation General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A17855 at 2 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Cerebellum (Purkinje cells); negative None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A17855); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CUEDC1, 2 μg/mL (datasheet A17855); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin section fixation consistent across samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining–RNA agreement is medium; verify specificity (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9NWM3, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the plasma membrane, centrosome, primary cilium…, Datasheet A17855, PMC7655170, PMC12664147. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CUEDC1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.