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DCK / Deoxycytidine kinase · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for DCK
Plan DCK chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using tonsil germinal centers as a positive reference (HPA tissue IHC) and 2–5 μg/mL catalog antibody A01655-1 (datasheet A01655-1). Assess nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in immune cells while accounting for presumed off-target staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
DCK Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear and cytoplasmic in a subset of immune cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Subset of immune cells shows nuclear and cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01655-1) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A01655-1) | |
| Caveat | Presumed off-target staining can complicate scoring (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Lymphoid tissue–enhanced RNA (HPA RNA) | |
| Isoform / epitope | One annotated chain; no isoforms listed (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended DCK IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A01655-1). Four published DCK IHC protocols provide additional conditions to compare (PMC4998873; PMC7271117; PMC4819809; PMC3669607).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01655-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01655-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01655-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01655-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-DCK, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A01655-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01655-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A01655-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | DCK-positive staining in lymphoid tissue of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in a subset of immune cells. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet A01655-1); assess the published citrate pH 6.0 or pH 9.0 conditions if staining needs optimization (PMC4998873; PMC7271117).
Section 2
What Is the Expected DCK Staining Pattern?
DCK is annotated as nuclear and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P27707). In paraffin sections, expect nuclear and sometimes cytoplasmic staining in a subset of immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). Germinal center cells in lymph node and tonsil stain strongly, while hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and cells in splenic white pulp show medium staining (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue pattern Enhanced, with medium agreement between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC).
| Strong nuclear staining in germinal center cells, with some cytoplasmic signal in the immune-cell subset (HPA tissue IHC). | This fits the reported tissue pattern; the nuclear component also agrees with DCK’s annotated location (UniProt P27707; HPA tissue IHC). Score the stained cells and their compartments, since the expected pattern is confined to a subset rather than every cell in the section (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly membranous staining, or a pattern lacking the expected nuclear component (UniProt P27707; HPA tissue IHC). | Treat this as discordant: DCK has no annotated transmembrane segment, and HPA reports nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue staining (UniProt P27707; HPA tissue IHC). Review morphology and detection controls before calling it DCK; localization alone cannot establish the source of an unexpected signal (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining of adipocytes or respiratory epithelial cells alongside, or instead of, lymphoid cells (HPA tissue IHC). | HPA reports DCK as not detected in adipocytes of adipose tissue and respiratory epithelial cells of bronchus (HPA tissue IHC). Such staining raises concern for cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity; assess the no-primary control and antibody specificity rather than treating those cells as an expected positive population (general IHC practice). |
| Color spreads diffusely across many cell types or obscures nuclear boundaries (general IHC practice). | This cannot be scored reliably against HPA’s subset-of-immune-cells pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Consider nonspecific antibody binding, excess detection signal, or endogenous enzyme activity, then compare a no-primary control and the section’s morphology (general IHC practice). |
| No convincing signal in lymph node or tonsil germinal center cells (HPA: High in both). | The run has missed an expected positive population, although HPA’s Enhanced rating still includes medium staining-to-RNA consistency and disregarded presumed off-target binding (HPA tissue IHC). Check the positive-control section, primary-antibody instructions, retrieval, and detection system before interpreting a test section as negative (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected DCK appearanceCall positive when germinal center cells show High nuclear staining, with possible cytoplasmic staining in the immune-cell subset; widespread staining of HPA-negative cell types or a membrane-only pattern is discordant (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P27707).
| Compartment reference | UniProt places DCK in the nucleus, while HPA tissue IHC reports nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in a subset of immune cells (UniProt P27707; HPA tissue IHC). Supported nucleoplasmic localization comes from ICC-IF, a separate application; it helps interpret location but is not an IHC-P protocol or an intensity standard (HPA subcellular). |
| Choice of tissue control | Lymph node and tonsil germinal center cells are High; bone marrow hematopoietic cells and splenic white-pulp cells are Medium (HPA tissue IHC). An HPA High population gives a clearer positive-pattern check, while the Medium populations should not be expected to match its intensity (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Antibody validation and limits | HPA062773 has Enhanced IHC validation; HPA059609 has Supported ICC validation and no listed IHC status (HPA antibodies). The tissue profile is rated Enhanced, yet HPA reports medium agreement with RNA and presumed off-target binding that was disregarded; evaluate unexpected staining against these limits (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Topology and processing | DCK is annotated as a single 1–260 chain, without a signal peptide, propeptide, or transmembrane segment (UniProt P27707). These annotations support scrutiny of a membrane-only pattern; they do not predict how paraffin processing or antigen retrieval affects staining (UniProt P27707). |
| Chromogenic detection | Endogenous enzyme activity can produce color independent of primary-antibody binding in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). A no-primary control and detection-system checks help distinguish that activity from the cell-restricted DCK pattern reported by HPA (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node or tonsil germinal centers are blank (HPA: High in both). | A missed staining step, incompatible detection, or unsuitable retrieval may explain a failed run; no DCK-specific fixation or retrieval sensitivity is supplied (general IHC practice). | Check that the IHC-validated antibody, detection reagents, and positive-control section were used as intended; optimize retrieval using the antibody instructions and a controlled comparison (general IHC practice). |
| Signal is weak in splenic white pulp or bone marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: Medium in both). | These populations have lower reported staining than germinal center cells, so weak signal alone does not establish assay failure (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare them with germinal center cells processed in the same run, and judge cell-specific nuclear or cytoplasmic localization before changing conditions (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells stain strongly (HPA: Not detected in both). | The result conflicts with the reported tissue pattern; nonspecific primary binding or endogenous detection activity are possible explanations (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control and repeat with an IHC-validated antibody if needed; keep the unexpected cell population separate from the expected positive score (general IHC practice; HPA antibodies). |
| Staining appears only at cell borders or membranes (UniProt P27707 topology). | A membrane-only pattern conflicts with nuclear annotation and the HPA immune-cell staining pattern; localization does not identify the artefact’s source (UniProt P27707; HPA tissue IHC). | Recheck compartment assignment against the counterstain and cell morphology, then compare controls and antibody validation before reporting DCK positivity (general IHC practice; HPA antibodies). |
| Brown color is diffuse, making positive cells hard to identify (general IHC practice). | Excess nonspecific detection or endogenous enzyme activity may obscure HPA’s subset-of-immune-cells pattern (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). | Review the no-primary control, blocking and detection conditions, and counterstained morphology; adjust conditions through controlled comparisons rather than scoring diffuse color as DCK (general IHC practice). |
| ICC-IF looks nucleoplasmic but paraffin IHC is equivocal (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). | The supported nucleoplasmic finding is from ICC-IF, while the tissue IHC report includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; the listed antibody validation also differs by application (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). | Interpret the paraffin section against the IHC tissue pattern and an IHC-validated antibody; use ICC-IF localization as supporting context, not as an IHC staining requirement (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing DCK staining
A01655-1 · IHCIHC analysis of DCK using anti-DCK antibody (A01655-1). DCK was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat
A01655-1 · IHCIHC analysis of DCK using anti-DCK antibody (A01655-1). DCK was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human ovary cancer tissue. Heat m
M01655 · IHCIHC analysis of DCK using anti-DCK antibody (M01655). DCK was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human tonsil cancer tissue. Heat medi
M01655 · IFIF analysis of DCK using anti-DCK antibody (M01655). DCK was detected in immunocytochemical section of U2OS cell. Enzyme antigen retrieval w
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000156136-DCK/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_17447355
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000156136-DCK/tissue/colon#imid_17447281
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000156136-DCK/tissue/liver#imid_17447266
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000156136-DCK/tissue/kidney#imid_17447283
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA059609; green = DCK, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF MCF-7Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, MCF-7, antibody HPA059609; green = DCK, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for DCK IHC & IF
🧪Run tonsil first and assess germinal center cells, where DCK staining is High (HPA: Tonsil, germinal center cells, High). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative comparator (HPA: Adipose tissue, adipocytes, Not detected); on the tonsil slide, cells outside germinal centers that lack nuclear signal can provide an internal background reference, but their DCK status is not established by the supplied HPA row (HPA: Tonsil, germinal center cells, High; HPA: nucleoplasm, supported).
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Lymphoid tissue, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show DCK in MCF-7, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control, a rabbit immunoglobulin isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s clonality where known, and a DCK knockout or validated peptide-block control (hero caption: rabbit anti-DCK primary; standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase and check for residual DAB background in tonsil (HPA: Tonsil, germinal center cells, High; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: The selected A01655-1 paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative, and a target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported in the supplied evidence (hero caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required; the supplied evidence also does not establish whether frozen sections or IF would be easier (hero caption: EDTA retrieval; HPA: MCF-7 and U2OS ICC-IF images). In tonsil, endogenous peroxidase may complicate DAB scoring, so interpret signal after the peroxidase control alongside the expected nuclear localization (standard IHC practice; HPA: nucleoplasm, supported).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for DCK
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Presumed off target binding observed and disregarded. Antibody staining in cells/structures not annotated, view images.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Lymphoid tissue | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tonsil | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in white pulp | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced DCK IHC Tips
Troubleshoot DCK staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cellular identity, subcellular pattern, and matched controls before scoring (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular).
What retrieval should I try first when DCK staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet A01655-1). The selected paraffin-section image used that retrieval before staining human breast cancer tissue, so it is the closest product-specific starting point (caption A01655-1). Run a known positive lymphoid-rich section alongside the test section to distinguish retrieval failure from low target abundance (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, compare a second retrieval condition only as a controlled fallback, keeping antibody concentration and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Check tissue morphology and background before accepting a stronger signal as improved DCK detection (standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot inconsistent DCK staining across differently fixed specimens?
DCK-specific sensitivity to fixative type or fixation duration is unknown from the supplied evidence; the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption A01655-1). Record each specimen’s fixation conditions and compare staining only among sections processed alike, using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection run (datasheet A01655-1; standard IHC practice). Include a positive control section in every run so processing failure is easier to recognize (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If fixation histories differ, interpret intensity differences cautiously and assess morphology before changing the antibody concentration (standard IHC practice).
Is cytoplasmic DCK staining credible when I expect a nuclear signal?
A nuclear signal is consistent with the DCK record, and nucleoplasmic localization has direct subcellular support (UniProt P27707; HPA subcellular). Cytoplasmic staining can also be credible in a subset of immune cells in tissue, according to the reported IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Check whether those cells match the expected immune-cell population and whether adjacent negative cell types remain unstained before accepting cytoplasmic signal (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). DCK has no annotated transmembrane segment, so a crisp cell-surface rim requires additional validation (UniProt P27707 topology). Score nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments separately rather than combining distinct patterns into one intensity estimate (standard IHC practice).
Could an isoform or modified epitope explain discordant DCK staining?
The supplied DCK record annotates no isoforms, so an isoform-specific explanation is unsupported here (UniProt P27707). It does list phosphorylated residues, including positions 11, 15, 72, and 74, but the catalog antibody’s epitope is not supplied (UniProt P27707; supplied product evidence). Do not attribute a staining difference to phosphorylation without epitope mapping or independent evidence of modification-sensitive binding (standard IHC interpretation). DCK also has no annotated signal peptide, propeptide, or transmembrane segment that would predict a processed extracellular epitope (UniProt P27707). Compare matched sections with consistent retrieval and controls before proposing an epitope-based explanation (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve ambiguous DCK-positive cells in a paraffin-section IHC study?
Use IF as a separate validation experiment, pairing DCK with a marker for the suspected immune-cell population to test cell identity (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and assess an unstained section for tissue autofluorescence before interpreting dim colocalization (standard IF practice). DCK has no transmembrane segment and is supported in the nucleoplasm, so permeabilization should permit antibody access to intracellular and nuclear epitopes (UniProt P27707 topology; HPA subcellular; standard IF practice). The catalog antibody’s epitope position and IF conditions are not specified in the supplied caption (caption A01655-1). Confirm any IF pattern against compartment-resolved chromogenic staining on comparable sections (standard IHC/IF practice).
What should I check when DAB background obscures DCK-positive cells?
First inspect a no-primary control for signal from the secondary or detection system, and check the peroxidase block when DAB deposits appear without primary antibody (standard IHC practice). The selected image used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and peroxidase-based DAB detection (caption A01655-1). Treat those values as a product-specific reference, then adjust one variable at a time while retaining a positive control (caption A01655-1; standard IHC practice). Review tissue edges, damaged areas, and precipitate under the microscope before calling diffuse brown signal positive (standard IHC practice). HPA also notes presumed off-target staining in its tissue assessment (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I score DCK when only scattered immune cells stain? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the compartment and cell population before scoring: HPA reports nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in a subset of immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). For a defined cell population, report the percentage of positive cells and an intensity-weighted H-score, recording nuclear and cytoplasmic results separately (standard IHC quantification practice). If the question concerns infiltration, count DCK-positive cells per mm² of viable tissue and state the analyzed area (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalize comparisons to the same cell population or viable tissue area, using matched staining and imaging conditions (standard IHC quantification practice). Exclude necrotic and damaged regions consistently before comparing specimens (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish true DCK positivity from staining artefact?
Prioritize staining in the expected cell population and compartment: HPA describes a subset of immune cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic signal, while its subcellular data support nucleoplasmic localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). High staining in lymph node or tonsil germinal center cells can serve as a contextual positive comparison, while adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Be cautious with isolated cell-surface rims, strong section-edge staining, and necrotic regions (UniProt P27707 topology; standard IHC practice). A no-primary control helps identify endogenous enzyme or detection-related deposits in a peroxidase/DAB workflow (standard IHC practice). HPA’s enhanced assessment still notes presumed off-target binding, so corroborate unexpected patterns independently (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best DCK / Deoxycytidine kinase IHC Antibodies
Two anti-DCK antibodies have IHC images from human paraffin sections; A01655-1 also has mouse liver IHC data, and M01655 has IF/ICC data in U2OS cells (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-DCK Antibody ®
Cat # A01655-1
Real IHC data
Anti-DCK Antibody ® (monoclonal, 3G10)
Cat # M01655
A01655-1 has IHC images from human breast cancer, ovary cancer and tonsil sections, plus mouse liver (A01655-1 image captions). M01655 has an IHC image from human tonsil cancer and an IF/ICC image from U2OS cells (M01655 image captions).
Which to pick: For human tissue IHC, either antibody has a paraffin-section image; M01655 is monoclonal clone 3G10, while A01655-1 is polyclonal (catalog applications and image captions). Choose M01655 for IF/ICC because it lists both applications and has a U2OS IF image; choose A01655-1 for cross-species IHC because it lists human, mouse and rat reactivity and has a mouse liver IHC image (catalog applications, reactivity and image captions). Both IHC captions describe paraffin sections, but neither reports the fixative (catalog IHC image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P27707 (DCK_HUMAN, Deoxycytidine kinase).
- Human Protein Atlas. DCK tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. DCK subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. DCK antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- dCK Expression and Gene Polymorphism With Gemcitabine Chemosensitivity in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Strobe-Compliant Observational Study. Medicine 2016 — PMC4998873.
- Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1 (RRM1) expression; do they have survival impact to pancreatic cancer?. Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 2020 — PMC7271117.
- Prognostic effect of hENT1, dCK and HuR expression by morphological type in periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) 2016 — PMC4819809.
- Prognostic predictive values of gemcitabine sensitivity-related gene products for unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer treated with gemcitabine alone. World journal of surgical oncology 2013 — PMC3669607.
- PubMed PMID:1996353 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for DCK (Deoxycytidine kinase). Expected localisation Nuclear and cytoplasmic in a subset of immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01655-1). Validated IHC antibody: A01655-1 at 2-5μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Lymphoid tissue); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01655-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01655-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01655-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01655-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-DCK, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A01655-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01655-1). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A01655-1); Caveat: Presumed off-target staining can complicate scoring (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: One annotated chain; no isoforms listed (UniProt); Regulation: Lymphoid tissue–enhanced RNA (HPA RNA). Evidence: UniProt P27707, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm., Datasheet A01655-1, PMC4998873, PMC7271117. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DCK/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.