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DPY19L1 / Protein C-mannosyl-transferase DPY19L1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for DPY19L1
Plan DPY19L1 paraffin IHC around mainly cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC), while treating ER membrane localization as a molecular expectation (UniProt). Start the catalog antibody at 2–5 μg/ml (datasheet A16659-1), and interpret staining cautiously because the tissue IHC evidence has uncertain reliability (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
DPY19L1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Mainly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Glandular and neuronal cells: mainly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A16659-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A16659-1) | |
| Caveat | Possible off-target staining; reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Specific expression regulation not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended DPY19L1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s paraffin-section protocol (datasheet A16659-1) and a published mouse embryonic frozen-section protocol (PMC3207862) provide starting conditions for DPY19L1 IHC.
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human rectum adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A16659-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A16659-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A16659-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A16659-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-DPY19L1, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A16659-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A16659-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A16659-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | DPY19L1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Mainly cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteFor paraffin sections, start with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet A16659-1). The published frozen-section protocol does not specify retrieval (PMC3207862).
Section 2
What Is the Expected DPY19L1 Staining Pattern?
DPY19L1 is an 11-pass endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein (UniProt Q2PZI1 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect mainly cytoplasmic staining, including medium staining in colon and duodenal glandular cells and cortical neurons (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret these examples cautiously: HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain and reports presumed off-target binding (HPA tissue IHC reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining in colon or duodenal glandular cells. | This fits HPA's medium glandular-cell staining and mainly cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Treat it as a plausible positive, not proof of specificity: HPA rates tissue IHC Uncertain and reports presumed off-target binding (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Predominantly nuclear or sharply cell-surface staining. | This does not fit the reported mainly cytoplasmic IHC pattern (HPA tissue IHC) or ER-membrane topology (UniProt Q2PZI1). Check section morphology, counterstain and detection controls before scoring it as DPY19L1; HPA's tissue IHC rating limits confidence in an unexpected compartment (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Strong staining in bronchial respiratory epithelium or adipocytes. | HPA lists those cell types as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Consider antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially if a no-primary control also develops color (general IHC practice). A negative HPA observation is a comparison point, not definitive proof that every such cell must lack DPY19L1 (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Diffuse color across cells and extracellular areas. | A widespread deposit obscures the mainly cytoplasmic pattern reported for tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). In chromogenic IHC, inadequate blocking, residual endogenous enzyme activity or excess antibody can produce background (general IHC practice); inspect a no-primary control and tissue morphology before interpreting weak cellular staining. |
| No staining in a colon glandular-cell section. | HPA reports medium staining in colon glandular cells, making this a useful comparison section (HPA tissue IHC). Check whether the same run's controls worked before calling the sample negative (general IHC practice). HPA's Uncertain reliability means an absent result alone cannot establish biological loss (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected DPY19L1 appearanceCall a result provisionally positive when glandular cells show discernible medium, mainly cytoplasmic chromogenic staining (HPA tissue IHC); dominant nuclear staining or equally strong color in HPA-not-detected bronchial epithelium warrants investigation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q2PZI1 ER-membrane location).
| Compartment and topology | DPY19L1 has 11 transmembrane segments and resides in the ER membrane (UniProt Q2PZI1). A mainly cytoplasmic light-microscopy pattern is consistent with that location (HPA tissue IHC), but chromogenic staining alone does not resolve individual ER membranes (general IHC interpretation). |
| Tissue evidence and antibody validation | HPA describes mainly cytoplasmic staining in most tissues but rates tissue IHC Uncertain, with presumed off-target binding observed and disregarded (HPA tissue IHC reliability). HPA059139 is Uncertain for IHC (HPA antibodies); corroborate an unexpected pattern with controls before treating it as target-specific (general IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and processing | UniProt lists 2 isoforms and a single 1–675 chain, with no annotated signal peptide or propeptide (UniProt Q2PZI1). These annotations do not identify the antibody epitope or establish which isoform its tissue stain detects (UniProt Q2PZI1; HPA antibodies). |
| IF/ICC Q&A: Should puncta match IHC? | HPA reports approved vesicular localization in ICC-IF, while tissue IHC is mainly cytoplasmic and rated Uncertain (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). The assays support different levels of spatial interpretation; vesicular IF is not a required chromogenic IHC scoring pattern (general microscopy interpretation). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear signal dominates. | The compartment differs from HPA's mainly cytoplasmic IHC pattern and UniProt's ER-membrane location (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q2PZI1). | Inspect counterstain and cell boundaries, then compare a no-primary control (general IHC practice). With HPA's Uncertain tissue IHC rating, keep the result unassigned until the unexpected pattern is independently supported (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Strong color appears in an HPA-not-detected cell type. | Bronchial respiratory epithelial cells and adipocytes are listed as not detected (HPA tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice). | Check the no-primary control and endogenous-enzyme blocking, then compare staining within the same run against HPA medium-staining glandular cells (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| The whole section is hazy. | Diffuse deposit may reflect excess primary antibody, inadequate blocking or detection background (general IHC practice), rather than the mainly cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare no-primary and positive-reference sections; review blocking, washes and antibody dilution under the selected IHC workflow (general IHC practice). Preserve cell-type and compartment detail when adjusting conditions. |
| Colon glands have no detectable signal. | Colon glandular cells showed medium staining in HPA's tissue IHC, although that evidence is rated Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). A failed staining run remains possible (general IHC practice). | Verify that processing and detection controls worked, then review the chosen antibody's IHC-P retrieval and dilution instructions (general IHC practice). Do not infer a DPY19L1-specific fixation effect from this result; none is supplied here. |
| Only scattered cells stain. | Patchiness can reflect section morphology or technical variation (general IHC practice). HPA reports medium staining in several glandular and neuronal cell types, but tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). | Identify the stained cell type and compartment before scoring; compare adjacent intact areas and a control section processed in the same run (general IHC practice). Record whether the pattern matches an HPA-listed cell type (HPA tissue IHC). |
| IF puncta seem inconsistent with IHC. | HPA reports vesicles in approved ICC-IF and mainly cytoplasmic tissue IHC with Uncertain reliability (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). | Interpret each assay at its own spatial resolution (general microscopy interpretation). Use cytoplasmic cell-type staining for the IHC comparison (HPA tissue IHC); the vesicular ICC-IF observation does not supply a paraffin-section protocol (HPA subcellular). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing DPY19L1 staining
A16659-1 · IHCIHC analysis of DPY19L1 using anti-DPY19L1 antibody (A16659-1). DPY19L1 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human rectum adenocar
A16659-1 · IHCIHC analysis of DPY19L1 using anti-DPY19L1 antibody (A16659-1). DPY19L1 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human ovarian serous
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000173852-DPY19L1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_16364291
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000173852-DPY19L1/tissue/colon#imid_16364225
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000173852-DPY19L1/tissue/liver#imid_16364226
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000173852-DPY19L1/tissue/kidney#imid_16364219
HPA · ICC-IF A-549Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-549, antibody HPA059139; green = DPY19L1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-549Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-549, antibody HPA059139; green = DPY19L1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for DPY19L1 IHC & IF
🧪Run appendix first and score staining in glandular cells, which HPA rates Medium (HPA: appendix glandular cells, Medium). Use cervix glandular cells as the tissue negative (HPA: cervix glandular cells, Not detected); on the appendix slide, treat nonglandular cells as an internal background reference only after confirming their status, because the supplied HPA row does not classify them.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show DPY19L1 in A-549, Rh30, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Vesicles (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control, a rabbit IgG control matched to the primary antibody’s format, and a DPY19L1 knockout specimen or peptide-block control if the relevant reagent is available (caption: rabbit primary antibody). For chromogenic detection, quench endogenous peroxidase and assess endogenous biotin background when using the reported biotinylated secondary and streptavidin–biotin detection (caption: SABC with DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A16659-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative unreported). The reported IHC staining used heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, so test retrieval before interpreting a weak result (caption: EDTA pH 8.0); frozen sections have no supplied protocol or evidence of being easier. For IF/ICC, HPA reports vesicular localization in A-549, Rh30 and U2OS cells, but that observation does not establish an easier workflow or an IF protocol (HPA: vesicles approved; ICC-IF images in A-549, Rh30 and U2OS).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for DPY19L1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Pending external verification. Presumed off target binding observed and disregarded.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Cells in endometrial stroma | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced DPY19L1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot DPY19L1 staining by checking retrieval, controls, cellular location, and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
What should I change when DPY19L1 staining is weak after antigen retrieval?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A16659-1). Compare results with the documented 2 μg/ml primary antibody incubation overnight at 4°C, while keeping DAB development consistent (datasheet A16659-1; standard IHC practice). DPY19L1 has 11 transmembrane segments, but its topology does not establish which epitope this antibody recognizes or whether retrieval exposes it (UniProt Q2PZI1 topology). If signal stays weak, repeat the documented condition with control sections before testing another retrieval buffer, and change only one processing variable at a time (standard IHC practice).
Can I infer the best fixative or fixation time for DPY19L1 IHC?
The catalog image shows a paraffin section, but its caption does not report the fixative or fixation duration (datasheet A16659-1). Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is therefore unknown; neither the reported tissue staining nor ER membrane topology establishes a preferred fixation condition (datasheet A16659-1; UniProt Q2PZI1 topology). For a fixation comparison, record the fixative and duration for each specimen, process sections together, and apply the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection workflow (datasheet A16659-1; standard IHC practice). Compare signal, morphology, and background in matched sections before attributing a difference to DPY19L1 abundance (standard IHC practice).
How should I interpret diffuse cytoplasmic versus punctate DPY19L1 staining?
DPY19L1 is annotated as an ER membrane protein with 11 transmembrane segments (UniProt Q2PZI1 topology). HPA describes mainly cytoplasmic tissue staining and reports vesicles as the approved IF location, so a chromogenic pattern alone cannot resolve these compartments (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Examine whether staining lies within intact cells, follows reproducible intracellular distributions, and agrees with the expected cell population on adjacent sections (standard IHC practice). Treat a new nuclear or extracellular pattern cautiously and check it against no-primary controls, section morphology, and an independently validated antibody if available, especially because HPA flags its tissue IHC as uncertain (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC).
Could epitope placement explain inconsistent DPY19L1 staining across sections?
UniProt lists 2 DPY19L1 isoforms and 11 membrane-spanning segments, but the supplied product caption does not map this antibody's epitope (UniProt Q2PZI1; datasheet A16659-1). Do not assume that both isoforms are recognized or assign an observed pattern to a particular membrane-facing loop without epitope evidence (UniProt Q2PZI1; standard IHC interpretation). Compare matched sections processed with identical retrieval, primary antibody concentration, and detection before investigating biological variation (standard IHC practice). If an epitope sequence or independent antibody becomes available, check its isoform coverage and use concordant cellular staining to assess specificity (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help assess DPY19L1 localisation seen by chromogenic IHC?
Use IF as a separate localisation check: HPA reports vesicular staining in ICC/IF, while UniProt places DPY19L1 in the ER membrane (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q2PZI1 subcellular). Multiplex with a marker of the expected cell type, such as a glandular epithelial marker when examining colon glandular cells, and include single-channel controls (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore away from the specimen's strongest autofluorescence and verify its appearance in an unstained section (standard IF practice). Because the supplied antibody evidence does not identify the epitope's membrane-facing side, compare permeabilisation conditions before interpreting absent or punctate IF signal (datasheet A16659-1; standard IF practice).
What could cause widespread brown signal with the documented DPY19L1 detection system?
The documented image used 10% goat serum blocking, a biotinylated secondary antibody, a streptavidin–biotin complex, and DAB (datasheet A16659-1). With this workflow, assess endogenous peroxidase and biotin, nonspecific secondary binding, tissue pigment, and excessive DAB development using appropriate control sections (standard IHC practice). Run a no-primary control through the same secondary and chromogen steps, and compare background with sections receiving the primary antibody (standard IHC practice). Keep blocking, washes, and development consistent across samples; a widespread deposit that also appears in controls should not be scored as DPY19L1 expression (standard IHC practice).
How should I score DPY19L1 staining when cell types differ within a section? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and intracellular staining criteria before scoring, because DPY19L1 tissue IHC is described as mainly cytoplasmic and its reliability is uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). For each population, report the percentage of positive cells and intensity separately, or calculate an H-score from percentages at intensity levels 0–3 (standard IHC practice). Normalise positive-cell counts to the number of eligible cells, or stained-cell density to evaluable tissue area in mm², excluding necrotic and damaged regions (standard IHC practice). Apply identical retrieval, imaging, and scoring rules across sections, and report background-control results alongside biological comparisons (standard IHC practice).
When is a DPY19L1-positive IHC pattern convincing rather than artefactual?
A convincing result is reproducible within intact cells, fits an intracellular distribution, and exceeds staining in matched negative controls (UniProt Q2PZI1 subcellular; standard IHC practice). Check unexpected nuclear or extracellular deposits, staining limited to section edges or necrotic zones, and signal attributable to endogenous peroxidase before calling cells positive (standard IHC practice). The documented detection uses a biotin-based complex and DAB, so interpret brown deposits in the context of controls for that chemistry (datasheet A16659-1; standard IHC practice). HPA labels its DPY19L1 tissue IHC uncertain because presumed off-target staining was observed; confirm consequential findings with independent evidence when available (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best DPY19L1 / Protein C-mannosyl-transferase DPY19L1 IHC Antibodies
A16659-1 has real IHC images from human rectum and ovarian adenocarcinoma paraffin sections (catalog image captions); the payload provides no IF images or IF/ICC validation (catalog applications and image data).
Real IHC data
Anti-DPY19L1 Antibody ®
Cat # A16659-1
A16659-1 was used for IHC on paraffin sections of human rectum and ovarian adenocarcinoma (catalog image captions). Its listed reactivity is human, and its applications include IHC but not IF/ICC (catalog applications and reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A16659-1 for human paraffin-section IHC: its images document EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and a 2 μg/ml primary antibody incubation (A16659-1 image captions). The fixative and clone are unreported (catalog payload); the paraffin-section captions do not establish fixation (A16659-1 image captions). No listed SKU has IF/ICC validation or nonhuman reactivity, so this payload supports no IF/ICC or cross-species pick (catalog applications, reactivity and IF image data). The selected A16659-1 tissue-IHC caption documents paraffin sections, but does not specify the fixative (selected-SKU IHC image A16659-1).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q2PZI1 (D19L1_HUMAN, Protein C-mannosyl-transferase DPY19L1).
- Human Protein Atlas. DPY19L1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. DPY19L1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to vesicles..
- Human Protein Atlas. DPY19L1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Dpy19l1, a multi-transmembrane protein, regulates the radial migration of glutamatergic neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Development (Cambridge, England) 2011 — PMC3207862.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10048485 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16526957 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for DPY19L1 (Protein C-mannosyl-transferase DPY19L1). Expected localisation Mainly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A16659-1). Validated IHC antibody: A16659-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human rectum adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A16659-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A16659-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A16659-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A16659-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-DPY19L1, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A16659-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A16659-1). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A16659-1); Caveat: Possible off-target staining; reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope coverage unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: Specific expression regulation not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q2PZI1, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · vesicles., Datasheet A16659-1, PMC3207862. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DPY19L1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.