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- Table of Contents
Facts about Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2.
Acts specifically toward polyunsaturated acyl-CoA with the higher activity toward C20:4(n- 6) acyl-CoA. Condensing enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of polyunsaturated very long chain fatty acid (C20- and C22-PUFA).
Mouse | |
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Gene Name: | Elovl2 |
Uniprot: | Q9JLJ4 |
Entrez: | 54326 |
Belongs to: |
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ELO family |
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2
Mass (kDA):
34.207 kDA
Mouse | |
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Location: | 13|13 A3.3 |
Sequence: | 13; |
Highly expressed in testis, lower level in liver. Weakly expressed in white adipose tissue, brain and kidney.
Steven Boster's ELOVL2 marker has many important uses in immunology research. It is highly specific, reliable and correlated with biological age. We discuss the advantages of Boster Bio’s ELOVL2 markers and the use high-affinity primary antibody. We also discuss ELOVL2 methylation that strongly correlates with biological years.
The correlation between ELOVL2 methylation level and biological age is strong in rodents as well as humans. The decrease in Elovl2 methylation causes rapid aging in a variety of aspects. These findings suggest that ELOVL2 methylation levels are a promising biomarker in biological age. To understand the mechanisms behind the correlation, further research is required.
In this study, we used an exogenously-expressed shRNA to target the Elovl2 protein in a lentiviral vector. We then transfected this vector into 293T cell lines using Lipofectamin3000 reagent. The RPE cells were then seeded in culture dishes overnight. We used 5 x105 cells per well. After a 24-h equilibration, cells were infected by lentivirus. Twenty-fourhours later, the virus was present in a cell cultivation medium.
Elovl2 is important for aging. Its role in fatty acids elongation is not the only one. Studies using genetically altered mice have shown an association between Elovl2's role in fatty acid elongation and aging. ELOVL2 has been linked to a variety aging-related phenotypes across various cell lines and tissue types.
These findings suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in the aging process. While the most common age-related DNA methylation changes are found in the promoter area of a gene (which is where they are most prevalent), there are also differences among cells. Satellite cells might also be affected. Further research is required to determine how specific these changes are. It should also be noted that methylation of DNA at other sites is not as predictable.
In mice, the lack of Elovl2 methylation is thought to contribute to aging. These findings show that PUFAs can partially reverse the aging process in Elovl2-/ mice. These results suggest that Elovl2-/ mice can partially recover from aging by taking PUFAs. However, it remains unclear whether Elovl2 is directly involved in aging.
Since long, it has been believed that DNA methylation changes are responsible for aging. But the correlation between ELOVL2 methylation and chronological age is now being tested in humans. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip allowed 64 individuals to examine whole blood DNA. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip discovered three regions where methylation levels are correlated with chronological ages. Another study using Sequenom EpiTYPER to confirm the methylation level of PENK and ELOVL2 genetics was done. The study also included cord blood samples.
KE cells showed an increase of senescence marker. Elovl2 toxicity can also lead to ER stress as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Its absence can lead to age-related macular degeneration. These findings point to the need to continue research. It is still too early to conclude that ELOVL2 can be used as a marker for aging.
The ELOVL2 marker has been expressed in a subset or endoderm cell population. It is an essential marker for differentiation between these two types of cells. High-affinity antibodies can detect ELOVL2 from binding to its corresponding ligand at the cell surface. Some examples of markers are CALCR, CMKOR1, C21orf129, GPR37, NTN4, RTN4RL1, SEMA3E, SNAP2, SMX-1, and SLC40A1-1/SLC5A9-2/TRPA1.
MACS was used to separate the cell suspension into tetraploids and SCP3 positive cells to identify cells containing ELOVL2 antibodies. The CD90+ cell count was low and more than 90% of the cells were GFRA1- or GPR125 positive. Over 85% of FACS-sorted haploid cells were positive for SCP3.
High-affinity primaries are made from monoclonal antibodies or single-chain antibodies labeled using the ELOVL2 molecule to make use this marker. The antibody bound to a specific ELOVL2 ligand can then be visualized and analyzed using an ex-vivo reagent cell complex.
PMID: 10791983 by Tvrdik P., et al. Role of a new mammalian gene family in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids and sphingolipids.
PMID: 12371743 by Leonard A.E., et al. Identification and expression of mammalian long-chain PUFA elongation enzymes.