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- Table of Contents
Plan FABP3 staining in paraffin sections using kidney distal tubules and heart cardiomyocytes as tissue references (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation, antigen retrieval, antibody dilution, detection and interpretation of cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic: distal tubules high, cardiomyocytes medium (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01734-1) | |
| Positive control | Kidney+1 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining has medium consistency with RNA data (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; chain spans residues 2–133 (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody uses heat-mediated citrate retrieval at pH 6 (datasheet A01734-1). Three published FABP3 IHC protocols provide tissue-specific conditions for comparison (PMC12335710; PMC8489205; PMC12134909).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human oesophagus squama cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01734-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6, 20 min (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-FABP3, 0.5-1μg/ml recommended; image 2μg/ml (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A01734-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | FABP3-positive staining in distal tubules of kidney (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression mainly in heart and skeletal muscle, and kidney. No signal in the no-primary control. |
FABP3 should appear mainly in the cytoplasm of kidney distal tubules and cardiomyocytes (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P05413: cytoplasm). HPA reports high staining in distal tubules, medium staining in cardiomyocytes, and low staining in skeletal myocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Its IHC reliability is Enhanced, although antibody staining and RNA expression show only medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC). FABP3 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P05413 topology).
| Cytoplasmic staining is strong in kidney distal tubules and moderate in cardiomyocytes. | This matches the reported cell types, compartment, and relative levels (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P05413: cytoplasm). Judge intensity against controls processed in the same run; color strength alone cannot establish antibody specificity (general IHC practice). |
| Signal is predominantly nuclear, or sharply restricted to a membrane instead of cytoplasm. | That is unexpected for the IHC tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P05413: cytoplasm). Check section morphology, counterstain, and the negative control before calling it FABP3. The separate ICC-IF localization record does not validate a membrane-only chromogenic IHC pattern (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or adrenal glandular cells. | Those cells were reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially if staining also appears in a no-primary control (general IHC practice). A discordant field is a reason to investigate, not proof of either mechanism. |
| Weak color covers most tissue structures, including spaces without cells. | This is diffuse background rather than the cell-associated pattern reported for FABP3 (HPA tissue IHC). Examine the no-primary control and assess blocking, washes, chromogen development, and section quality (general IHC practice). |
| A kidney distal-tubule control has no visible signal. | The expected level there is high (HPA tissue IHC). Treat a blank control as an uninterpretable run: verify that the control contains distal tubules, then check primary antibody, retrieval settings, detection reagents, and development using the antibody's validated IHC instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Cell type and reference intensity | Kidney distal tubules are high, cardiomyocytes medium, and skeletal myocytes low in the supplied tissue record (HPA tissue IHC). Compare each cell type with its own reference level; a weak skeletal-muscle result does not carry the same implication as an absent distal-tubule control. |
| Antibody evidence and its limit | Two listed antibodies have Enhanced IHC validation, HPA055754 and CAB017830 (HPA antibodies). HPA describes medium consistency between tissue staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Use this support for the reported pattern while investigating discordant staining. |
| Cellular compartment and topology | UniProt places FABP3 in the cytoplasm and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt P05413). A membrane-dominant IHC result therefore needs control review; topology does not by itself identify the cause of unexpected stain. |
| IF/ICC Q: should focal-adhesion signal define an IHC-positive result? | A: No. The ICC-IF record lists focal adhesion sites as uncertain, Golgi as approved, and plasma membrane as uncertain (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). Interpret paraffin-section chromogenic IHC against the cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Detection-system background | Endogenous peroxidase or nonspecific detection can add color in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). A no-primary control helps distinguish detection background from antibody-dependent staining; it cannot by itself establish that antibody-dependent signal is FABP3. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Distal tubules are blank while the rest of the slide is faint. | The expected distal-tubule signal is high (HPA tissue IHC); the pattern suggests a run or detection problem, although this image alone cannot identify which step failed. | Confirm distal tubules are present. Check antibody use, retrieval settings, detection reagents, and chromogen against the validated IHC instructions (general IHC practice); no FABP3-specific retrieval condition is established here. |
| Cardiomyocytes stain less strongly than distal tubules. | Medium cardiomyocyte and high distal-tubule levels are consistent with the tissue record (HPA tissue IHC). | Assess cytoplasmic localization and same-run controls before adjusting staining conditions. Do not require equal intensity in these two tissues to accept the run (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Adipocytes stain strongly. | Adipocytes were not detected in the reported adipose tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or detection background is possible (general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control and compare staining with a positive tissue control. If color remains antibody-dependent, review specificity before scoring it as FABP3 (general IHC practice). |
| Brown color is widespread, including extracellular areas. | Diffuse color is inconsistent with the reported cell-associated cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P05413: cytoplasm). Detection background is one possible cause (general IHC practice). | Compare the no-primary control, then review blocking, washes, and chromogen development; repeat the run if the controls cannot support interpretation (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears mainly in nuclei or at cell borders. | The IHC tissue profile is cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P05413: cytoplasm). The ICC-IF membrane annotation is uncertain and does not resolve an unexpected IHC pattern (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Check counterstain and tissue morphology, compare positive and no-primary controls, and withhold a positive call until the compartment pattern is resolved (general IHC practice). |
| A slide shows faint skeletal-myocyte staining. | Low skeletal-myocyte staining is reported (HPA tissue IHC); faint signal there alone does not establish a failed assay. | Check that the signal is cytoplasmic, then compare a same-run distal-tubule or cardiomyocyte control with its reported pattern (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Distal tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Endocrine cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot FABP3 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cytoplasmic localisation, controls and scoring against the supplied tissue evidence.
Real IHC images show FABP3 in human heart and cancer sections, plus mouse and rat heart sections; all depicted sections are paraffin embedded (catalog image captions).
A01734-1 has IHC images from human oesophageal cancer, tonsil, mouse heart and rat heart paraffin sections (A01734-1 image captions). PA1336 has images from human intestinal cancer, rat cardiac muscle and mouse skeletal muscle; A01734-2 has a human heart paraffin-section image (PA1336 and A01734-2 image captions).
Which to pick: For human heart IHC, A01734-2 has a paraffin-section DAB image at 1:25; its caption does not report the fixative (A01734-2 image caption). For cross-species IHC, choose A01734-1: it is rabbit polyclonal with human, mouse and rat reactivity, and its paraffin-section captions document citrate retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes (A01734-1 catalog and image captions). None of these SKUs lists IF/ICC validation or an IF dilution, so this evidence does not support an IF/ICC pick (catalog application lists and IF fields).