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GFRA2 / GDNF family receptor alpha-2 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for GFRA2
Plan chromogenic GFRA2 IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody at 2–5 μg/mL (datasheet A06103-2). Interpret cytoplasmic tissue staining cautiously because HPA rates its agreement with RNA expression as uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
GFRA2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC); cell membrane (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining across several tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06103-2) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06103-2) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining has low concordance with RNA (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; map extracellular epitopes to mature aa 22–444 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended GFRA2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody has an IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A06103-2); two published GFRA2 IHC protocols provide tissue-specific conditions (PMC11541580; PMC10649213).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human testis cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06103-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06103-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06103-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A06103-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-GFRA2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A06103-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A06103-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A06103-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | GFRA2-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA, pH 8.0 (datasheet: A06103-2). If needed, evaluate the published citrate or proteinase K retrieval conditions with appropriate controls (PMC11541580; PMC10649213).
Section 2
What Is the Expected GFRA2 Staining Pattern?
GFRA2 is a cell-surface, GPI-anchored receptor with no transmembrane segment (UniProt O00451 topology/keywords). In paraffin IHC, assess staining in the specific cells reported by HPA, including kidney tubule cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA also describes cytoplasmic staining across several tissues, but rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain).
| Distinct staining outlines kidney tubule cells or cerebellar Purkinje cells; signal may also appear within the cell (HPA tissue IHC: Medium; HPA subcellular: plasma membrane and vesicles). | A membrane-associated pattern fits GFRA2 topology and approved ICC-IF localization; intracellular signal can be considered alongside HPA’s vesicle localization and cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile (UniProt O00451 topology; HPA subcellular: approved; HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic). Confirm the stained cell population and controls before assigning specificity (standard IHC practice). |
| Staining is predominantly nuclear, with little convincing cell-surface or cytoplasmic signal. | This conflicts with the documented GFRA2 locations and warrants investigation as possible nonspecific staining or a localization artefact; localization alone cannot establish its cause (UniProt O00451: cell membrane; HPA subcellular: plasma membrane and vesicles; standard IHC interpretation). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or heart cardiomyocytes, or in a cell population outside those described for the section (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected in these cells). | Check cell identification and staining controls. Cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity are possible explanations, not diagnoses from appearance alone (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected; standard IHC practice). HPA’s Uncertain IHC rating also limits how firmly a discordant result can be classified (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
| Color is diffuse across the section, including spaces or structures without discernible cells. | A broad deposit without cell boundaries does not match the reported GFRA2 cellular patterns (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). In chromogenic IHC, inadequate blocking, washing, or endogenous-activity control can produce background; compare a no-primary control (standard IHC practice). |
| No staining appears in kidney tubules or cerebellar Purkinje cells despite an otherwise readable section (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). | Treat these as HPA-reported reference populations, not guaranteed positive controls: the tissue IHC rating is Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). Check assay performance and tissue integrity with appropriate controls before calling GFRA2 absent (standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected GFRA2 appearanceA plausible positive shows discernible cell-associated, preferably membrane-accented staining in an HPA Medium population such as kidney tubule or cerebellar Purkinje cells; diffuse background or dominant nuclear color is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: Medium, cytoplasmic and Uncertain; HPA subcellular: approved plasma membrane; UniProt O00451: cell membrane).
| Localization and topology (UniProt O00451; HPA subcellular). | GFRA2 is annotated at the cell membrane without a transmembrane segment and carries a GPI-anchor keyword (UniProt O00451). Approved ICC-IF images place it mainly at the plasma membrane, with additional vesicles (HPA subcellular: approved). Tissue IHC instead reports cytoplasmic expression, so interpret compartment differences in light of method and HPA’s Uncertain IHC rating (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Choice of reference cells (HPA tissue IHC). | HPA reports Medium staining in adrenal glandular cells, bronchial respiratory epithelium, kidney tubules and cerebellar Purkinje cells, among others (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). It reports Not detected in adipocytes and heart cardiomyocytes (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected). These are reported observations, not independently validated guarantees for an individual slide (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
| Protein processing and isoforms (UniProt O00451). | The annotated mature chain spans residues 22–444; the signal peptide is 1–21, the propeptide 445–464, and three isoforms are listed (UniProt O00451 processing/isoforms). Epitope position is therefore relevant when comparing antibodies, but no epitope mapping or isoform-specific staining is supplied here (UniProt O00451 record). |
| Retrieval and detection conditions (standard IHC practice). | Antigen retrieval, blocking and chromogenic detection can affect general IHC readability (standard IHC practice). No supplied GFRA2 source establishes a preferred retrieval condition or target-specific fixation sensitivity; optimize with controls and avoid attributing a weak result to GFRA2-specific masking (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O00451). |
| Does IF/ICC predict the paraffin IHC result? (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). | ICC-IF localization is approved at the plasma membrane and vesicles, whereas tissue IHC is rated Uncertain and described as cytoplasmic (HPA subcellular: approved; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). Use IF/ICC as a localization cross-check, not as validation of IHC signal intensity or a paraffin-section protocol (standard assay interpretation). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A medium-reference cell population is blank (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). | An assay or tissue-control failure is possible; HPA’s Uncertain rating also means its reported staining may not reproduce (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; standard IHC practice). | Confirm section quality and detection with appropriate controls, then optimize retrieval and catalog-antibody dilution using its IHC-P instructions (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a GFRA2-specific fixation effect from this result. |
| Dominant nuclear color obscures cell boundaries. | Nuclear localization is unsupported by the supplied GFRA2 annotations; nonspecific signal is possible (UniProt O00451: cell membrane; HPA subcellular: plasma membrane and vesicles). | Compare no-primary and tissue controls, review counterstain and chromogen deposits, and reassess the actual stained compartment (standard IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or heart cardiomyocytes stain strongly (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected). | Unexpected cellular staining may reflect cross-reactivity, endogenous detection activity, or a discrepancy with HPA’s uncertain tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; standard IHC practice). | Verify cell identity, include a no-primary control and check the relevant endogenous-activity blocking step before treating the staining as GFRA2 (standard IHC practice). |
| The whole section has diffuse chromogen. | Background can result from inadequate blocking, washing or endogenous-activity control in chromogenic IHC (standard IHC practice). | Review those steps and compare a no-primary section; score GFRA2 only where cell-associated signal remains distinguishable (standard IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic signal appears without a clear membrane rim. | HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue IHC and additional vesicles in ICC-IF, while UniProt places GFRA2 at the membrane (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular; UniProt O00451). | Record the compartment as observed, compare the relevant cell type and controls, and avoid calling the pattern definitive because HPA rates tissue IHC Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; standard IHC practice). |
| Two antibodies give different cellular patterns. | HPA lists two rabbit polyclonal antibodies with Uncertain IHC status; agreement is therefore not established by the supplied validation summary (HPA antibodies: HPA024704, CAB032791). | Document each antibody’s pattern separately, compare controls and the HPA-reported cells, and withhold a firm localization call until evidence resolves the discrepancy (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; standard IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing GFRA2 staining
A06103-2 · IHCIHC analysis of GFRA2 using anti-GFRA2 antibody (A06103-2). GFRA2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human testis cancer tissue.
A06103-2 · IHCIHC analysis of GFRA2 using anti-GFRA2 antibody (A06103-2). GFRA2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human thyroid cancer tissue
A06103-2 · IFIF analysis of GFRA2 using anti-GFRA2 antibody (A06103-2). GFRA2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of rat testis tissue. Heat medi
A06103 · IFImmunocytochemistry of GFR alpha 2 in HeLa cells with GFR alpha 2 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168546-GFRA2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_6656248
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168546-GFRA2/tissue/colon#imid_6664310
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168546-GFRA2/tissue/liver#imid_6664311
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000168546-GFRA2/tissue/kidney#imid_6664304
HPA · ICC-IF HELHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HEL, antibody HPA024704; green = GFRA2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HELHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HEL, antibody HPA024704; green = GFRA2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for GFRA2 IHC & IF
🧪Run cerebellum first and look for staining in Purkinje cells (Medium; HPA: cerebellum, Purkinje cells). Use heart muscle as the negative tissue because cardiomyocytes are Not detected (HPA: heart muscle, cardiomyocytes); on the cerebellum slide, use adjacent cells without specific signal as internal background comparators, without assuming every non-Purkinje cell is GFRA2-negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show GFRA2 in HEL, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Plasma membrane (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and nonimmune rabbit isotype controls, matching the primary antibody’s clonality and isotype once verified (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). Use GFRA2 knockout material, if available, or cognate peptide competition as a biological specificity control; quench endogenous peroxidase before HRP/DAB detection in cerebellum (standard IHC practice; selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the exact selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required; frozen-section performance and whether IF is easier are unreported (selected-SKU caption: paraffin IHC; HPA: ICC-IF images). For cerebellar IF, check unstained and secondary-only sections for neuronal lipofuscin autofluorescence before interpreting punctate signal (standard IF practice; HPA: cerebellum, Purkinje cells).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for GFRA2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Lymphoid tissue | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced GFRA2 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot GFRA2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls, and scoring before interpreting a chromogenic signal.
Which retrieval conditions should I try first for weak GFRA2 staining?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA, pH 8.0, for the paraffin-section IHC assay (datasheet A06103-2). The selected image used this retrieval, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C; reproduce those conditions before changing multiple variables (datasheet A06103-2). If staining remains weak, compare a modest range of heating times on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration and DAB development constant (standard IHC practice). Review morphology and a no-primary control alongside the stain, because excessive heating can damage sections and background can mimic recovered signal (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or inconsistent GFRA2 IHC?
The selected GFRA2 image identifies a paraffin-embedded section but does not state its fixative, so target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet A06103-2). Record the actual fixative, fixation duration, processing history, and section age for each specimen before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). On adjacent sections, hold EDTA, pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml primary antibody constant while assessing specimens with documented processing (datasheet A06103-2; standard IHC practice). If signal varies, examine preserved morphology and matched controls before attributing the difference to GFRA2 abundance or to a particular fixation effect (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing GFRA2 staining appear in tissue sections?
Prioritise staining at the cell surface when evaluating GFRA2, which is annotated at the cell membrane without a transmembrane segment (UniProt O00451 topology). An independently assessed subcellular profile places it mainly at the plasma membrane and additionally in vesicles, so limited intracellular puncta may merit review (HPA subcellular: approved). Cytoplasmic tissue staining has also been reported, but its consistency with RNA data is low; diffuse DAB alone therefore needs corroboration (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). Compare the stained cells with adjacent morphology, a no-primary control, and a second validated readout before calling broad cytoplasmic staining specific (standard IHC practice).
How do processing and isoforms affect interpretation of this antibody?
GFRA2 has 3 annotated isoforms, and the supplied evidence does not map this antibody’s epitope to any of them (UniProt O00451 isoforms; datasheet A06103-2). The precursor has a signal peptide at residues 1–21 and a propeptide at 445–464, leaving the annotated mature chain at 22–444 (UniProt O00451 processing). Glycosylation sites are annotated at residues 52, 357, and 413, but their effect on this antibody’s tissue staining is unreported (UniProt O00451 glycosylation; datasheet A06103-2). Check the antibody’s documented immunogen or epitope before making isoform-specific claims, and score localisation and controls rather than inferring isoform identity from DAB intensity (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve an ambiguous chromogenic GFRA2 pattern?
Use IF as a complementary localisation check when chromogenic IHC leaves the cell boundary unclear; the selected product evidence describes paraffin-section IHC, not an IF protocol (datasheet A06103-2). Multiplex GFRA2 with a marker of the expected cell type, such as a Purkinje-cell marker when examining cerebellum, and check signal within the same cells (HPA tissue IHC: medium in Purkinje cells; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores, including a far-red channel where tissue autofluorescence interferes, and inspect single-channel controls (standard IF practice). Determine the antibody’s epitope before choosing permeabilisation: an extracellular-facing epitope may be assessed without it, whereas an intracellular-facing epitope requires access through the membrane (standard IF practice; UniProt O00451 topology).
How should I troubleshoot widespread brown staining?
First compare a no-primary section and tissue compartments that should be relatively quiet, such as adipocytes or cardiomyocytes, with the test section (HPA tissue IHC: not detected in adipocytes and cardiomyocytes; standard IHC practice). The selected assay used 10% goat serum blocking and a peroxidase-conjugated secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C; verify these steps and adequate washing before increasing primary antibody (datasheet A06103-2; standard IHC practice). Include a peroxidase block and control DAB development time, since endogenous enzyme activity or overdevelopment can create brown signal (standard IHC practice). Inspect section edges, folds, necrosis, and pigment separately before scoring any diffuse staining as GFRA2 (standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to score GFRA2 IHC? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the eligible cell population and a positivity threshold from matched control slides before scoring GFRA2 (standard IHC practice). Report the percentage of positive cells and, where intensity is reproducible, an H-score calculated as the sum of percentages at each intensity multiplied by their 0–3 intensity grades (standard IHC practice). For spatial comparisons, positive-cell density per mm² can be normalised to the viable tissue area or the count of eligible cells, while excluding folds and necrosis (standard IHC practice). Record membranous and cytoplasmic signal separately because the membrane assignment is supported while tissue cytoplasmic staining has uncertain consistency with RNA (UniProt O00451 localisation; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain).
When is a GFRA2-positive result credible rather than artefactual?
A credible call combines reproducible staining in an anatomically identified cell population with signal compatible with GFRA2’s cell-membrane location (UniProt O00451 localisation; standard IHC practice). For example, medium staining has been reported in cerebellar Purkinje cells and kidney tubule cells, while adipocytes were reported as undetected; these patterns are reference points, not proof for a new specimen (HPA tissue IHC: medium in Purkinje and tubule cells, not detected in adipocytes; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). Treat uniform cytoplasmic staining, edge-heavy deposits, necrotic regions, and signal reproduced in a no-primary or peroxidase-control section as suspect (standard IHC practice). Confirm an unexpected distribution with matched controls and an independent readout before interpreting it biologically (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best GFRA2 / GDNF family receptor alpha-2 IHC Antibodies
The catalog includes GFRA2 staining images from human and rat paraffin sections (A06103-2 image captions) and human HeLa cells (A06103 image caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-GFRA2 Antibody ®
Cat # A06103-2
Real IF data
Anti-GFR alpha 2 GFRA2 Antibody
Cat # A06103
A06103-2 is listed for IHC and IF, with IHC images from human testis cancer, human thyroid cancer, and rat testis paraffin sections (catalog applications; A06103-2 image captions). A06103 is listed for ICC, with an image from HeLa cells at 5 μg/mL (catalog applications; A06103 image caption).
Which to pick: Choose A06103-2 for tissue IHC: its images document paraffin sections, although the fixative is unreported (A06103-2 image captions). For IF on sections, choose A06103-2; for ICC in cultured cells, choose A06103, whose HeLa image uses 5 μg/mL (catalog applications; A06103-2 IF image captions; A06103 image caption). Both list human, mouse, and rat reactivity, but the supplied staining images show human and rat sections for A06103-2 and human HeLa cells for A06103, so mouse staining needs verification (catalog reactivity; image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O00451 (GFRA2_HUMAN, GDNF family receptor alpha-2).
- Human Protein Atlas. GFRA2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. GFRA2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to vesicles..
- Human Protein Atlas. GFRA2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Hypoxia adaptation mechanism in rats' peripheral auditory system in high altitude migration: a time series transcriptome analysis. Scientific reports 2024 — PMC11541580.
- Expression of Glial-Cell-Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Ligands in Human Intervertebral Discs. International journal of molecular sciences 2023 — PMC10649213.
- Paired Expression Analysis of Tumor Cell Surface Antigens. Frontiers in oncology 2017 — PMC5566986.
- PubMed PMID:9182803 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:9259272 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:9177201 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for GFRA2 (GDNF family receptor alpha-2). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC); cell membrane (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06103-2). Validated IHC antibody: A06103-2 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human testis cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06103-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06103-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06103-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A06103-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-GFRA2, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A06103-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A06103-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06103-2); Caveat: Antibody staining has low concordance with RNA (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; map extracellular epitopes to mature aa 22–444 (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O00451, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to…, Datasheet A06103-2, PMC11541580, PMC10649213. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/GFRA2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.