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ILF2 / Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ILF2
Plan ILF2 paraffin IHC around the widespread nuclear tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). The IHC-validated antibody has a 1:50–1:200 dilution range for evaluating nuclear staining (datasheet M04443-1).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ILF2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclear staining across many tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M04443-1) | |
| Positive control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 44 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Cytoplasmic mRNP granules may add extranuclear signal (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | CRBN promotes ILF2 degradation (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms; one 1–390 chain (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ILF2 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet M04443-1) with three published ILF2 chromogenic IHC protocols (PMC5555027; PMC12540223; PMC9134917).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M04443-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M04443-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M04443-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M04443-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone 18I48) anti-ILF2, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet M04443-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M04443-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M04443-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ILF2-positive staining in adipocytes of adipose tissue (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat retrieval in EDTA pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet M04443-1). Citrate retrieval is documented in two published protocols (PMC5555027; PMC12540223).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ILF2 Staining Pattern?
ILF2 should show predominantly nuclear staining across many cell types in paraffin sections (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; Supported IHC reliability). HPA reports high staining in adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, glandular cells, respiratory epithelial cells, glial cells and cerebellar granular-layer cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Nucleolar and cytoplasmic localization is also recorded (UniProt Q12905: subcellular location). ILF2 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q12905: topology).
| Clear nuclear chromogen in several cell populations, including the sampled HPA high-staining populations. | This fits the expected broad tissue pattern (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; High in the listed cell populations). Compare nuclei within each population against its surrounding cytoplasm when scoring. HPA rates tissue IHC reliability as Supported, with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability description). |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic chromogen with little or no nuclear signal in cells expected to stain. | Treat a cytoplasm-only result as questionable because the tissue IHC profile is nuclear (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). Some cytoplasmic localization is biologically plausible (UniProt Q12905: cytoplasm; HPA: additional cytosol in ICC-IF), so assess the relative compartment signals and controls before calling the result an artefact. |
| Strong staining confined to an unexpected cell population while nearby expected nuclei remain unstained. | Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity and inspect the control slide (general IHC practice). ILF2 has broad nuclear expression, and HPA supplies no negative tissue or low-staining group here (HPA: tissue IHC profile; negative and low lists empty). Cell identity alone therefore cannot establish a false positive. |
| Diffuse chromogen obscures nuclei, fills extracellular areas, or appears evenly across the section. | This prevents a reliable nuclear localization call (general IHC practice). Compare with a no-primary control, then assess blocking, washing and detection conditions as general IHC troubleshooting. Extracellular or uniform haze should not be scored as ILF2-positive nuclei (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). |
| No nuclear signal in a section containing one of the reported high-staining cell populations. | An absent signal conflicts with the reported pattern for that population (HPA: High in the listed tissue-cell pairs). Check section quality and the staining run with a known-positive section before interpreting a biological absence (general IHC practice). HPA's Supported rating does not guarantee identical staining in every specimen (HPA: medium consistency). |
💡Expected ILF2 appearanceCall a convincing positive when readily visible nuclear chromogen spans the sampled HPA high-staining cell populations (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; High in listed populations); isolated extracellular stain or a cytoplasm-only pattern without nuclear signal warrants control-based review (general IHC practice; HPA: nuclear profile).
| Compartment (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q12905: subcellular location) | Use nuclear staining as the main paraffin-section readout (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). UniProt also records nucleolar and cytoplasmic localization, including cytoplasmic mRNP granules (UniProt Q12905: subcellular location); those entries do not establish an expected granule pattern in chromogenic tissue IHC. |
| Choice of positive tissue (HPA: tissue IHC) | The payload lists 8 high-staining tissue-cell pairs, including bone-marrow hematopoietic cells and bronchial respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: High). It lists no negative or low-staining pairs (HPA: tissue IHC); use an appropriate positive section and reagent controls rather than presuming a tissue is ILF2-negative. |
| Antibody evidence (HPA: antibody validation) | HPA007484 is Supported for IHC and ICC; HPA072048 is Supported for ICC with no IHC status supplied (HPA: antibody validation). An ICC-supported result does not itself validate a paraffin-section staining pattern (HPA: application-specific status). |
| IF/ICC Q: What localization should be expected? (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF) | A: Mainly nucleoplasm, with additional cytosol, is the supported ICC-IF pattern (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). This observation can inform compartment interpretation, while the paraffin IHC call remains anchored to the ubiquitous nuclear tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Target structure and sample preparation (UniProt Q12905: topology; general IHC practice) | ILF2 has no signal peptide, propeptide, transmembrane segment or annotated isoforms in this record (UniProt Q12905: processing, topology and isoforms). The payload gives no target-specific antigen-retrieval or fixation-sensitivity evidence; select and check retrieval conditions using the IHC-validated antibody's instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No stain in the positive section. | The staining run or detection step may have failed (general IHC practice); a reported high-staining population should provide a nuclear reference (HPA: High in listed populations). | Confirm the section contains the intended cells, review the IHC-validated antibody's stated conditions, and check detection reagents with a positive control (general IHC practice). |
| Weak, patchy nuclear stain in an expected high-staining population. | Uneven section handling or staining may contribute (general IHC practice). HPA reports High staining for specific cell populations, not a fixed intensity threshold for every specimen (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare intact nuclei across the section and repeat with a positive section if the pattern cannot be scored (general IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic signal dominates while nuclei are nearly blank. | The result diverges from the nuclear tissue profile (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression), although cytoplasmic localization is documented (UniProt Q12905; HPA: ICC-IF). | Compare a known-positive section and no-primary control; review antibody specificity and detection conditions before assigning cytoplasmic ILF2 (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen appears in the no-primary control. | Primary-antibody-independent signal suggests endogenous detection activity or nonspecific reagent deposition (general IHC practice). | Review the detection system, blocking and washes, then interpret test-section staining only after control background is resolved (general IHC practice). |
| Dense, diffuse background makes nuclei hard to distinguish. | Background can obscure the nuclear pattern that anchors tissue interpretation (general IHC practice; HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). | Check reagent concentration against the IHC-validated antibody's instructions and review blocking, washes and chromogen development (general IHC practice). |
| Only scattered unexpected cells stain strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous activity is possible (general IHC practice), but HPA's broad nuclear profile supplies no designated negative cell type here (HPA: tissue IHC). | Verify cell identity and nuclear localization; compare the no-primary control and a known-positive section before labeling the cells false positive (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ILF2 staining
M04443-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ILF2 using anti-ILF2 antibody (M04443-1). ILF2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat
M04443-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ILF2 using anti-ILF2 antibody (M04443-1). ILF2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lymphoma tissue. Heat me
A04443-2 · IHCIHC analysis of NF45/ILF2 using anti-NF45/ILF2 antibody (A04443-2). NF45/ILF2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human esophagea
A04443-2 · IHCIHC analysis of NF45/ILF2 using anti-NF45/ILF2 antibody (A04443-2). NF45/ILF2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver can
A04443-2 · IFIF analysis of NF45/ILF2 using anti-NF45/ILF2 antibody (A04443-2) and anti-Beta Tubulin antibody (M01857-3). NF45/ILF2 was detected in immun
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000143621-ILF2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_2349672
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000143621-ILF2/tissue/colon#imid_2349598
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000143621-ILF2/tissue/liver#imid_2349607
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000143621-ILF2/tissue/kidney#imid_2349616
HPA · ICC-IF HAP1Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HAP1, antibody HPA072048; green = ILF2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HAP1Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HAP1, antibody HPA072048; green = ILF2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ILF2 IHC & IF
🧪Run appendix first; its glandular cells should stain for ILF2 (HPA: High in appendix glandular cells). HPA detects ILF2 in all 44 scored tissues, so use no-primary and isotype sections as negative controls; no internal cell population is established as ILF2-negative, though candidate negative cells would lack specific nuclear staining (HPA: no negative tissue rows; UniProt Q12905: nuclear localization).
Positive control tissue: Adipose tissue (Adipocytes, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: ILF2 is detected in all 44 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ILF2 in HAP1, MCF-7, REH, A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) section, a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control, and an ILF2-knockout sample or validated peptide-block control (caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC control practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase in appendix sections before HRP/DAB detection (caption: HRP/DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected M04443-1 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: fixative unreported). The caption uses heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, but does not establish whether retrieval is required (caption: EDTA retrieval). The supplied evidence cannot establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier; endogenous peroxidase in appendix sections can confound HRP/DAB staining and should be checked on the no-primary section (standard IHC practice; caption: HRP/DAB).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ILF2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: ILF2 is detected in all 44 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced ILF2 IHC Tips
These answers use the IHC-validated antibody’s paraffin-section example and ILF2 localisation evidence to guide chromogenic staining and interpretation (datasheet M04443-1; HPA subcellular).
Where should I start when nuclear ILF2 staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA buffer at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet M04443-1). The documented example then used 10% goat serum and antibody at 1:50 overnight at 4°C, giving a reproducible starting workflow (datasheet M04443-1). If nuclei remain weak, vary heating and cooling within the retrieval equipment’s instructions while keeping the buffer constant, and compare sections processed together (general IHC practice). ILF2 is mainly nucleoplasmic, so assess nuclear signal before treating diffuse cytoplasmic color as recovered antigen (HPA subcellular). Include a matched section processed without primary antibody to identify detection background (general IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot fixation-related loss of ILF2 signal?
Record the fixative, fixation interval, specimen thickness, and processing history for each paraffin section before comparing staining (general IHC practice). Target-specific fixation sensitivity for ILF2 is unknown here; the M04443-1 tissue caption identifies paraffin embedding but does not state a fixative (datasheet M04443-1). Begin with its EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 1:50 antibody incubation overnight at 4°C, then change one processing variable at a time (datasheet M04443-1; general IHC practice). Compare well-preserved nuclei in similarly processed sections and document any tissue damage or uneven staining (general IHC practice). Do not infer a fixation effect from ILF2’s localisation or modifications (UniProt Q12905).
Which staining compartment should I score for ILF2?
Score nuclear staining as the primary IHC readout: tissue IHC describes ubiquitous nuclear expression, and subcellular data place ILF2 mainly in the nucleoplasm (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Examine nucleolar detail separately, since UniProt also lists the nucleolus, but do not require visible nucleoli in every positive nucleus (UniProt Q12905; general IHC practice). Cytoplasmic signal can be plausible because ILF2 is also reported in the cytoplasm and in mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs (UniProt Q12905). For a 1:50 DAB run, compare compartments within intact cells and against a section lacking primary antibody (datasheet M04443-1; general IHC practice). Record nuclear and cytoplasmic scores separately to preserve that distinction (general IHC practice).
Could epitope selection explain discordant ILF2 staining?
Check the antibody’s stated immunogen or epitope before attributing discordant paraffin-section staining to a particular region; that information is absent from the supplied M04443-1 caption (datasheet M04443-1). The supplied UniProt record lists 0 isoforms and a DZF domain spanning residues 24–371, so it does not support an isoform-specific staining claim (UniProt Q12905). Listed arginine methylation and serine phosphorylation sites are reasons to document epitope information if available, not evidence that these modifications alter this antibody’s binding (UniProt Q12905). Compare staining after the documented EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 with an independent, validated epitope when available (datasheet M04443-1; general IHC practice). Interpret disagreement alongside compartment and morphology rather than intensity alone (HPA subcellular; general IHC practice).
How can IF help investigate an ambiguous IHC pattern?
Use IF as a separate localisation check, selecting an ILF2 reagent validated for that application and a marker identifying the cell population being examined (general IF practice). Choose fluorophores and imaging channels after checking the tissue’s autofluorescence, and include single-color controls for multiplex acquisition (general IF practice). ILF2 has no transmembrane segment and is mainly nucleoplasmic, with additional cytosolic localisation; permeabilise cells to expose intracellular epitopes and adjust detergent conditions if nuclear access is poor (UniProt Q12905 topology; HPA subcellular; general IF practice). Counterstain nuclei and compare ILF2 with the cell marker in the same optical plane (general IF practice). The 1:50 overnight condition belongs to the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section IHC example, not an IF protocol (datasheet M04443-1).
What should I change when DAB stains the whole section?
Run a section without primary antibody to test secondary-reagent and chromogen background, and inspect whether color follows tissue edges or damaged areas (general IHC practice). The documented IHC example used 10% goat serum before 1:50 primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet M04443-1). For DAB detection, add an appropriate endogenous peroxidase block and verify washing and detection-reagent exposure as general workflow controls (general IHC practice). If background persists, titrate primary antibody around the documented condition while keeping retrieval at EDTA pH 8.0 during the comparison (datasheet M04443-1; general IHC practice). Judge improvement by nuclear contrast in preserved cells, since nuclear expression is expected for ILF2 (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I quantify ILF2 across differently cellular sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the region of interest and cell population before scoring, then report the percentage of positive nuclei and an intensity-based H-score using a consistent threshold (general IHC practice). ILF2’s tissue IHC profile is ubiquitously nuclear, so a percentage alone may conceal changes in staining strength (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Normalise positive-nucleus counts to all evaluable nuclei in the same region, or report positive-cell density per mm² with total-cell density alongside it (general IHC practice). Exclude folds, necrosis, and edges by a documented rule applied to every section (general IHC practice). Keep cytoplasmic scoring separate because additional cytosolic localisation is reported, while the principal location is nucleoplasmic (HPA subcellular).
How do I distinguish credible ILF2 staining from artefact?
A credible pattern should show staining in preserved nuclei across evaluable cells, consistent with ubiquitous nuclear tissue expression and the supported nucleoplasmic location (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Assess cytoplasmic color separately: ILF2 can occur in the cytosol, but diffuse color without corresponding cellular structure warrants a background check (HPA subcellular; general IHC practice). Compare the questioned area with adjacent intact tissue and a no-primary section to assess edge effects, necrosis, and detection background (general IHC practice). For DAB, investigate residual endogenous peroxidase if color remains without primary antibody (general IHC practice). Interpret unexpected cell-restricted staining cautiously because the HPA tissue IHC evidence is marked Supported with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best ILF2 / Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 IHC Antibodies
Both antibodies show IHC staining in human paraffin sections (M04443-1 and A04443-2 IHC captions); A04443-2 also shows IF staining in HeLa cells (A04443-2 IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-ILF2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M04443-1
Real IHC data
Anti-NF45/ILF2 Antibody ®
Cat # A04443-2
M04443-1 has IHC images from human lung cancer, lymphoma, glioma and testis cancer paraffin sections (M04443-1 IHC captions). A04443-2 has IHC images from human esophageal squamous carcinoma, liver cancer, lung cancer and rectum adenocarcinoma paraffin sections, plus IF data from HeLa cells (A04443-2 IHC and IF captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, M04443-1 is a rabbit monoclonal option (catalog: clone 18I48); its human paraffin-section images used EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 1:50 primary antibody (M04443-1 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, choose A04443-2, which lists both applications and shows IF staining in HeLa cells at 5 μg/ml (A04443-2 applications and IF caption). A04443-2 has the broadest listed species reactivity—human, mouse, rat and monkey—while its IHC images document human paraffin sections with EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0; the fixative is unreported (A04443-2 catalog reactivity and IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q12905 (ILF2_HUMAN, Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2).
- Human Protein Atlas. ILF2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. ILF2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. ILF2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Expression and Critical Role of Interleukin Enhancer Binding Factor 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2016 — PMC5000768.
- Expression and Clinical Significance of ILF2 in Gastric Cancer. Disease markers 2017 — PMC5555027.
- Identification and characterization of lLF2 as a prognostic biomarker in HER2-positive breast cancer using Mendelian randomization and machine learning. Discover oncology 2025 — PMC12540223.
- Quantitative proteomics of HFD-induced fatty liver uncovers novel transcription factors of lipid metabolism. International journal of biological sciences 2022 — PMC9134917.
- PubMed PMID:7519613 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16710414 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ILF2 (Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2). Expected localisation Nuclear tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M04443-1). Validated IHC antibody: M04443-1 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adipose tissue (Adipocytes); negative None in HPA (detected in all 44 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M04443-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M04443-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M04443-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M04443-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone 18I48) anti-ILF2, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet M04443-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M04443-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Cytoplasmic mRNP granules may add extranuclear signal (UniProt); Isoform / epitope: No annotated isoforms; one 1–390 chain (UniProt); Regulation: CRBN promotes ILF2 degradation (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q12905, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet M04443-1, PMC5555027, PMC12540223. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ILF2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.