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- Table of Contents
Facts about Integrin alpha-2.
It's responsible for adhesion of platelets and other cells to collagens, modulation of collagen and collagenase gene expression, force generation and organization of newly synthesized extracellular matrix. .
Human | |
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Gene Name: | ITGA2 |
Uniprot: | P17301 |
Entrez: | 3673 |
Belongs to: |
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integrin alpha chain family |
alpha-2 subunit; CD49b antigen; CD49b; Integrin alpha 2; integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor); ITGA2; VLA 2; VLA-2 alpha
Mass (kDA):
129.295 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 5q11.2 |
Sequence: | 5; NC_000005.10 (52989352..53094779) |
Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
The ITGA2 gene is a candidate for future research in immunohistochemistry. Its application in Molecular diagnostics has the potential to change the way scientists look at diseases. The ITGA2 gene is expressed in a variety of cells. Scientists can study its effect on cell function. For more information, visit bosterbio.com. This article discusses some of the most common uses of the ITGA2 gene.
ELISAs using the ITGA2 markers are useful for detecting DNA damage in cell lines that express low levels of ITGA1. Interestingly, an MK cell line that lacks ITGA1 mRNA can be used as a control for determining the level of this marker. Its presence in these cell lines can be detected by ELISA, which has many advantages over conventional methods. The following sections describe how ELISAs using this marker work.
A single ITGA2 gene is responsible for a large portion of human disease. Its presence in human cells plays a crucial role in disease progression. However, ITGA2 gene expression is often suppressed by DNA methylation. An ITGA2 ELISA is therefore highly sensitive and specific, allowing researchers to monitor the methylation status of cells in real time. Its expression is suppressed by a large number of factors, including DNA methylation.
The ITGA1 and ITGA2 markers contain the DNA of two different gene segments, PELO and ITGA2. These DNA fragments are amplified in a polymerase chain reaction using XhoI and ligated to a polylinker site on a pGL2-basic plasmid. Both PCR products were purified by gel electrophoresis using QIAquick.
An ITGA2 ELISA kit is designed for the in vitro quantitative measurement of the mouse integrin alpha-2 in biological fluids. It contains antibodies that target human ITGA2 and may also be referred to as CD49b, VLA-2, and GPIa. Its mass is reported to be 129.3 kilodaltons and is present in different tissues and cells of mammals.
The genes responsible for integrin subunit a1 and a2 are located adjacent to each other on chromosome 5 (5q11.2). The 5' regulatory region of ITGA2 is about 32 kb upstream of ITGA1. Despite their similarity in location, the two genes were most likely duplicated. A1b1 and a2b1 are the receptors for collagen and are present in most tissues. However, the megakaryocyte lineage does not express these proteins.
Currently, ITGA2 has not been studied as thoroughly as other integrins for its role in EOC. It has, however, been shown to be upregulated in ovarian cancer and to contribute to paclitaxel resistance. Its expression activates the AKT pathway, which regulates anoikis. Moreover, ITGA2 and FAK engage in cross-talk with each other.
Recently, researchers have discovered that the ITGA2 marker may be useful in the detection of LGGs. The ITGA2 antibody has shown inhibitory activity against gastric cancer cells, but not SVG-P12 cells. This may be an indication that the ITGA2 antibody could hinder the progression of GBM. The ITGA2 antibody is a nanomedicine binding ligand for GBM recognition. In addition to inhibiting cell growth and migration, ITGA2 can be used as a nanomedicine ligand to recognize GBM.
The ITGA2 protein was detected in three cell lines: the NHA, Bt142, and LGG cell line. Using the Human Protein Atlas and GEPIA web tools, the mRNA level of ITGA2 was measured in each cell line. Overall survival and disease-free survival of patients were calculated from the data. In addition, ITGA2 is highly expressed in prostate cancer. This information may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
The ITGA2 marker has significant clinical utility in cancer diagnosis. The markers' clinical utility has been validated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of paired samples of patient tissues. Further, functional assays were used to determine the biological role of ITGA2 in cancer. The relationship between ITGA2 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was investigated using RT-qPCR assay. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction between ITGA2 and STAT3 was determined via co-immunoprecipitation.
The ITGA2 protein is an important component in the immune system. ITGA2 expression is positively correlated with tumor immunogenicity. Moreover, ITGA2 expression is known to influence the immunogenicity of LGG tumors. Interestingly, this protein is involved in multiple cancers, including melanoma. Moreover, it has been implicated in many other forms of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and gastrointestinal disease.
The findings of the ITGA2 marker suggest that the protein may be used as a predictive biomarker for LGG. However, further research is required to determine the mechanisms of the immune response to cancer cells and how the tumors respond to these therapies. The ITGA2 gene is an excellent candidate for future studies. The researchers also suggest that further research on this protein can improve the effectiveness of checkpoint immunotherapy. This may be useful in assessing the mechanisms involved in the progression of glioma.
The Boster Bio ITGA2 immunohistochemistry assays are designed to detect the expression of the protein ITGA2. The ITGA2 antibody is included in the Picoband(tm) catalog. It reacts with Human and was designed for long-term storage at -20 degC or 4 degC for one month. Each vial contains four mg Trehalose and 0.9 mg NaCl. For additional blocking peptides, purchase 0.2 mg Na2HPO4.
The ITGA2 assays were designed to detect the antigen residing in cells. The method works by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding to antigens in the body. Immunohistochemistry optimization is an important step of the assay. The optimization guide provided by the Boster Bio assays gives useful insight into sample preparation, antigen retrieval, fixation, embedding, and mounting. The guide also offers troubleshooting tips. Additionally, Boster offers comprehensive technical resources, blogs, and disease information.
The Boster Bio ITGA2 immunohistochemistry assays are suitable for screening and monitoring the expression of ITGA2. The IP sample included HepG2 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and PANC-1 tumor cells. The IP samples were treated with sh-ITGA2s or pcDNA3.1 for seven to 14 days and Western blots were performed.
It is important to use the correct lysis buffers when using the assays. It is best to use high-grade lysis buffers to ensure good results. A good quality lysis buffer minimizes cross-linking intensity, which is necessary for accurate quantification. You can also use Boster's Super Vision Detection kits. These assays will save you time, money, and energy.
The experimental procedures used nude mice were approved by an ethics committee and local authorities. C57BL/6 mice were used. The cells used for the assays were 5 x 106 PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells infected with sh-ITGA2 and sh-Control lentivirus. Every two days after infection, the tumors were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. Tumor volumes were calculated using the formula: tumor volume (mm3) = L x W2 x 2/3. Mice were sacrificed when tumor volumes reached 1000 mm3.
The immunostaining intensity of the ITGA2 antibody was determined in paraffinized sections of liver tissue using Outo Biobank antibodies at a ratio of 1:5000 and 1:2000, respectively. After the samples were deparaffinized, they were blocked with 10% bovine serum albumin and GB11229 antibodies. Secondary antibodies were then added and images were captured with a fluorescent microscope.
ITGA2 is a member of the cell adhesion family and codes for the integrin a2 protein. Integrin a2 is a critical factor in many developmental processes and is associated with fibrotic changes in chronic hepatitis C. ITGA2 activates fibroblasts and CAFs, two cell types that form the desmoplastic microenvironment. The ECM contains a wide variety of structural and non-structural proteins that may affect PDAC progression, promote cancer cell proliferation, and influence the spread of metastatic disease. 90% of the ECM mass in PDAC comes from stromal cells, and cancer cell-derived ECM proteins may play a role in carcinogenesis.
Molecular tests have become a standard in patient care, helping to identify hereditary cancer syndromes and personalize systemic therapy. Other molecular tests can identify biologic parameters of malignancy and help select the best treatment for a patient. Although some of these tests are still in development, the current review will focus on recent achievements in molecular diagnostics for cancer. In addition, liquid biopsy is anticipated to be a standard of early cancer diagnosis in the future. Molecular diagnostics using the ITGA2 marker should help physicians distinguish between cancers and their subtypes.
A previous study has shown that ITGA2 expression is negatively associated with overall and disease-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients. The findings confirmed previous research indicating that LAMB3 and LAMC2 are exclusively derived from pancreatic cancer cells. Increasing amounts of these ECM-proteins have been linked to poor patient outcomes. Molecular diagnostics using the ITGA2 marker in PDAC is a promising new option for cancer detection.
However, more research is needed to determine the underlying cause of ischemic stroke. The ITGA2 C807T polymorphism is one example of a polymorphism that has been linked to the risk of cerebral stroke. This polymorphism results in an increased risk for stroke in T allele carriers. In addition, patients with ITGA2 C807T have higher blood TC than those carrying the C allele.
PMID: 2545729 by Takada Y., et al. The primary structure of the VLA-2/collagen receptor alpha 2 subunit (platelet GPIa): homology to other integrins and the presence of a possible collagen-binding domain.
PMID: 8276836 by Zutter M.M., et al. The human alpha 2 integrin gene promoter. Identification of positive and negative regulatory elements important for cell-type and developmentally restricted gene expression.