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KCTD11 / BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD11 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for KCTD11
Plan chromogenic KCTD11 IHC in paraffin sections with the catalog antibody at 1:25 (datasheet: M10796 IHC-P). Assess cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, using cerebellar molecular-layer cells as a positive reference and adipocytes as a negative reference (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
KCTD11 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic and nuclear signal across most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections were imaged (datasheet: M10796 IHC-P) (selected-SKU IHC image M10796) | |
| Caveat | Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Induced by retinoic acid, EGF and NGFB (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; N-terminal epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt; datasheet: M10796) |
Section 1
Recommended KCTD11 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody's IHC-P protocol is paired with one published prostate IHC method (PMC4090506).
| Sample | Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue (datasheet M10796) |
| Fixation | Image formalin-fixed; duration unreported (datasheet M10796); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-KCTD11, 1:25 (datasheet M10796) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | KCTD11-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression i most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen-retrieval rule).
Section 2
What Is the Expected KCTD11 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin IHC, expect cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in cells with reported KCTD11 signal, including cerebellar molecular-layer cells, caudate neuronal cells, and several glandular epithelia (HPA: tissue IHC). KCTD11 has no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt Q693B1: topology). Treat this as a provisional pattern: HPA rates the tissue IHC antibody Approved but reports low consistency with RNA data and pending external verification (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Cell-associated nuclear and cytoplasmic stain in cerebellar molecular-layer cells, caudate neuronal cells, or listed glandular cells. | This fits the reported tissue distribution and compartments; HPA calls these cell populations Medium, not uniformly strong (HPA: tissue IHC). Assess the named cells rather than judging the whole section as one positive or negative field (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Stain is confined to cell borders, extracellular material, or another compartment without convincing nuclear or cytoplasmic signal. | The distribution conflicts with the reported tissue pattern (HPA: cytoplasmic and nuclear IHC) and the absence of an annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt Q693B1: topology). Check the detection and tissue controls before calling it KCTD11. |
| Prominent stain appears in adipocytes or an unexpected cell population while the expected cells lack signal. | Adipocytes were Not detected in the supplied HPA tissue profile (HPA: adipose tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (standard IHC practice); one discordant field does not establish either cause. |
| Colour is spread across tissue, stroma, or empty areas without clear cell boundaries. | Diffuse background cannot establish the reported cellular localisation (HPA: cytoplasmic and nuclear IHC). Compare a no-primary control and inspect blocking, washing, and detection conditions (standard chromogenic IHC practice). |
| No stain is visible in a section containing a reported Medium-positive cell population. | First confirm that the relevant cells are present: HPA reports Medium signal in cerebellar molecular-layer cells and caudate neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC). If controls also fail, review the general IHC workflow before interpreting KCTD11 as absent (standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected KCTD11 appearanceCall a result consistent when identifiable reported cells show cell-associated cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, typically around the reported Medium level; isolated membrane, extracellular, or diffuse colour is suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q693B1: topology).
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports Medium staining in cerebellar molecular-layer cells, caudate neuronal cells, cerebral-cortex neuropil, and specified glandular or respiratory epithelial cells; adipocytes are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the listed structures separately, since their patterns need not look alike. |
| Evidence strength | The tissue antibody is Approved, with low staining–RNA consistency and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). HPA052035 is Approved for IHC and ICC, but no Enhanced IHC validation is supplied (HPA: antibody validation). Interpret unexpected positives conservatively. |
| Intracellular topology | UniProt lists no signal peptide, propeptide, glycosylation sites, or transmembrane segment for the 232-aa chain (UniProt Q693B1: processing and topology). These annotations support checking intracellular localisation; they do not establish retrieval conditions or fixation sensitivity. |
| Isoforms and antibody coverage | Two isoforms are listed (UniProt Q693B1: isoforms 1 and 2). The supplied records do not map the IHC antibody epitope to either isoform (HPA: supplied antibody record); do not assign a compartment or tissue difference to isoform recognition. |
| Brain expression context | UniProt reports higher expression in cerebellum than whole brain and lower expression in medulloblastoma (UniProt Q693B1: tissue specificity). This does not set an IHC intensity threshold for a particular cell or justify treating every tumour section as negative. |
| IF/ICC Q&A | Q: Should IF/ICC look exactly like chromogenic tissue IHC? A: HPA reports approved nucleoplasmic localisation by ICC-IF, while tissue IHC describes cytoplasmic and nuclear expression (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: tissue IHC). Compare each result with its own application evidence. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The positive-control section has no visible signal. | The expected cell population may be absent from the examined field, or a general staining step may have failed (HPA: listed Medium-positive cells; standard IHC practice). | Find the named cells on the counterstained section, then check reagent application, detection chemistry, and an established run control (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Do not infer KCTD11-specific fixation sensitivity. |
| The slide shows widespread, weak brown haze. | Non-specific reagent binding, incomplete washing, or detection background can obscure cellular staining (standard chromogenic IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control; review blocking, washes, detection exposure, and counterstain while preserving readable cell morphology (standard chromogenic IHC practice). |
| The no-primary control develops colour. | Endogenous detection activity or background from the detection system may be contributing (standard chromogenic IHC practice). | Address the activity relevant to the chosen chromogen and enzyme system, then repeat the control before assigning any tissue colour to KCTD11 (standard chromogenic IHC practice). |
| Only sharp membrane or extracellular staining is present. | That distribution does not match the reported nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC) or the annotated non-membrane topology (UniProt Q693B1: topology). | Check the no-primary control and a reported positive cell population; if the distribution persists, record it as discordant rather than scoring it as confirmed KCTD11. |
| Adipocytes stain more strongly than the reported positive cells. | The observation conflicts with HPA's Not detected adipocyte result (HPA: adipose tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or detection background remains possible (standard IHC practice). | Review cell identity and control staining, then compare with a listed Medium-positive population on the same run (HPA: tissue IHC). Avoid using adipocyte staining alone as validation. |
| IHC is broadly cytoplasmic, but ICC-IF appears predominantly nuclear. | The applications have different reported patterns: cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue IHC versus approved nucleoplasmic ICC-IF (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). | Interpret each image against its application-specific HPA description. Confirm cell boundaries, nuclear counterstain, and control background before treating the difference as a technical failure (standard IHC/IF practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing KCTD11 staining
M10796 · IHCAP21901a staining KCTD11 in human kidney tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213859-KCTD11/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_14847368
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213859-KCTD11/tissue/colon#imid_14845350
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213859-KCTD11/tissue/liver#imid_14845351
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000213859-KCTD11/tissue/kidney#imid_14845352
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA052035; green = KCTD11, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA052035; green = KCTD11, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for KCTD11 IHC & IF
🧪Run caudate first and score neuronal cells for KCTD11 staining (HPA: Medium in caudate neuronal cells). Run adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the caudate slide, use non-neuronal cells as an internal background reference only after confirming they lack specific signal.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show KCTD11 in A-431, BJ [Human fibroblast], U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched isotype control appropriate to the primary antibody’s host species and clonality; confirm specificity with KCTD11 knockout material or a validated immunizing-peptide block. For chromogenic IHC, quench endogenous peroxidase and check the caudate section for native pigment before scoring neuronal staining.
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected SKU M10796 tissue-IHC caption’s fixative is unreported (selected tissue-IHC caption: fixative not stated). The evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier than paraffin IHC; ICC-IF images show an approved nucleoplasmic location in A-431, BJ and U2OS cells (HPA: Nucleoplasm, approved). In caudate, native neuronal pigment can complicate chromogenic interpretation, so compare signal with the no-primary control.
HPA tissue IHC evidence for KCTD11
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced KCTD11 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot KCTD11 staining by checking retrieval, cellular pattern and controls before scoring chromogenic IHC sections.
What retrieval conditions should I try first for weak KCTD11 staining?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0, heat-induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page IHC retrieval setting). Compare the weak section with a concurrently processed positive-control section, keeping section thickness, antibody incubation and chromogen development consistent (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a more alkaline retrieval buffer on adjacent sections as a fallback, while checking whether tissue morphology deteriorates (standard IHC practice). KCTD11 has no annotated transmembrane segment, but that annotation does not establish which retrieval condition preserves the antibody epitope (UniProt Q693B1 topology; standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish fixation problems from poor antibody performance?
KCTD11-specific sensitivity to fixation duration or fixative chemistry is unknown from the supplied evidence (supplied KCTD11 evidence). Compare sections fixed and processed under documented conditions, then stain them in the same run with the same retrieval and detection steps (standard IHC practice). If only heavily fixed material stains weakly, assess a modest retrieval adjustment alongside morphology and a positive control before attributing the change to KCTD11 (standard IHC practice). Record fixation time and any delay before fixation for each specimen, because these variables can alter epitope accessibility in paraffin IHC (standard IHC practice).
Should KCTD11 staining be nuclear, cytoplasmic or both?
Assess nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately: tissue IHC reports expression in both compartments across most tissues, while cell imaging identifies the nucleoplasm as an approved location (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). UniProt supplies no subcellular annotation for KCTD11, so it does not settle a discrepancy between these patterns (UniProt Q693B1). Check whether nuclear signal remains inside intact counterstained nuclei and whether cytoplasmic signal follows cell boundaries on adjacent sections (standard IHC practice). Compare each compartment against a no-primary control and a concurrently stained reference section before treating diffuse haze or nuclear-edge deposits as specific signal (standard IHC practice).
Could isoforms or epitope masking explain discordant KCTD11 IHC results?
KCTD11 has 2 listed isoforms and an annotated BTB domain at residues 1–49, but the supplied antibody evidence does not map its epitope (UniProt Q693B1; supplied antibody evidence). Ask whether the antibody recognizes both isoforms before interpreting staining differences as changes in total KCTD11 abundance (standard antibody-validation practice). Compare adjacent sections under the page retrieval condition and a carefully controlled fallback if masking is suspected (page IHC retrieval setting; standard IHC practice). The absence of annotated glycosylation sites or modified residues does not establish that fixation cannot mask this antibody’s epitope (UniProt Q693B1; standard IHC practice).
How should I follow up an IHC pattern with multiplex IF?
Use IF as a separate confirmation experiment and pair KCTD11 with a marker for the cell population being assessed; tissue IHC reports staining in cerebellar molecular-layer cells and caudate neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). For brain sections, choose fluorophores and filter sets that distinguish signal from tissue autofluorescence, and inspect unstained or no-primary controls in every channel (standard IF practice). KCTD11 has no annotated transmembrane segment, so optimize permeabilisation for access to an intracellular epitope without assuming the antibody’s epitope is known (UniProt Q693B1 topology; standard IF practice). Compare nuclear overlap and cell identity with the chromogenic pattern, while interpreting differences in light of the separate detection methods (HPA subcellular; standard IHC/IF practice).
What should I check when KCTD11 DAB staining appears diffuse?
Check a no-primary section for detector-derived color, and inspect tissue edges and damaged areas before changing the antibody incubation (standard IHC practice). The selected tissue-IHC caption describes a 3% BSA block for 0.5 hour at room temperature, providing a documented starting point for that illustrated workflow (caption M10796). In a peroxidase-based DAB workflow, include an endogenous-peroxidase block and review chromogen development time; these are general controls, not KCTD11-specific requirements (standard IHC practice). If diffuse staining persists, compare matched sections with adjusted blocking and antibody concentration while retaining the same retrieval and exposure conditions (standard IHC practice).
How should I score heterogeneous KCTD11 staining in paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because tissue IHC reports both cytoplasmic and nuclear KCTD11 staining (HPA tissue IHC). For cellular staining, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score from 0–300, recording nuclear and cytoplasmic values separately where both are assessed (standard IHC scoring practice). For neuropil or other poorly segmented regions, measure positive area or signal density per mm² within a predefined region instead (HPA tissue IHC; standard image-analysis practice). Normalize comparisons to the same eligible tissue area or counted cell population, and hold thresholding, counterstain and chromogen development consistent across specimens (standard IHC quantification practice).
How do I distinguish convincing KCTD11 staining from artefact?
Look for reproducible staining in intact cells and compartments consistent with reported cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue patterns, while allowing for the approved nucleoplasmic cell-imaging result (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Medium staining has been reported in cerebellar molecular-layer cells, whereas adipocytes were not detected in the cited tissue survey; these are contextual comparisons, not universal controls (HPA tissue IHC). Discount signal confined to section edges, necrosis or sites of endogenous enzyme activity when it also appears in a no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Interpret discordant cases cautiously because the tissue-IHC profile is labeled approved yet has low consistency with RNA expression and awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best KCTD11 / BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD11 IHC Antibodies
M10796 has KCTD11 IHC data from human kidney paraffin sections (catalog IHC image caption); its listed reactivity covers human and mouse (catalog).
Real IHC data
Anti-KCTD11 Antibody (N-Term)
Cat # M10796
M10796 was imaged by IHC-P on human kidney paraffin sections; the caption reports paraformaldehyde-fixed sections and formaldehyde tissue fixation (catalog IHC image caption). M10796 is listed for IHC-P and WB, with human and mouse reactivity; the supplied image documents human tissue only (catalog applications and reactivity; catalog IHC image caption).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M10796, a rabbit polyclonal antibody listed for IHC-P at 1:25 (catalog host, dilution and applications); its own image documents human kidney paraffin sections (catalog IHC image caption). For IF/ICC, no listed SKU has an IF/ICC application or IF image (catalog applications and image data). For cross-species work, M10796 lists human and mouse reactivity, while the supplied IHC image documents human tissue only (catalog reactivity; catalog IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q693B1 (KCD11_HUMAN, BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD11).
- Human Protein Atlas. KCTD11 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. KCTD11 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. KCTD11 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- KCTD11 inhibits progression of lung cancer by binding to β-catenin to regulate the activity of the Wnt and Hippo pathways. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2021 — PMC8500973.
- KCTD11 inhibits growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through activating Hippo signaling. Oncotarget 2017 — PMC5514943.
- KCTD11 tumor suppressor gene expression is reduced in prostate adenocarcinoma. BioMed research international 2014 — PMC4090506.
- PubMed PMID:15249678 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:21237243 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for KCTD11 (BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD11). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: M10796 at 1:25 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue (datasheet M10796); 2. Fixation: Image formalin-fixed; duration unreported (datasheet M10796); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-KCTD11, 1:25 (datasheet M10796); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections were imaged (datasheet: M10796 IHC-P) (selected-SKU IHC image M10796); Caveat: Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; N-terminal epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt; datasheet: M10796); Regulation: Induced by retinoic acid, EGF and NGFB (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q693B1, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm., Datasheet M10796, PMC4090506. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/KCTD11/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.