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LATS1 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LATS1
Plan chromogenic LATS1 IHC in paraffin sections, using cytoplasmic staining and high trophoblast staining in placenta as references (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation, antigen retrieval, antibody titration, controls, and interpretation with the IHC-validated antibody A01051-2 (datasheet A01051-2).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LATS1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Mainly cytoplasmic in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01051-2) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Spleen |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining and RNA levels show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Low tissue specificity at RNA level (HPA tissue RNA) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; check epitope coverage for each (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LATS1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is paired with a published LATS1 protocol using gastric cancer tissue microarrays (PMC5746657).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01051-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6, 20 min (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LATS1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A01051-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LATS1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Mainly cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6 heat retrieval (datasheet: A01051-2); the published protocol also used pH 6.0 microwave retrieval, with the solution unspecified (PMC5746657).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LATS1 Staining Pattern?
LATS1 is a nonmembrane kinase associated with the cytoplasm, centrosomes and, during mitosis, the spindle and midbody (UniProt O95835: topology and subcellular location). In tissue IHC, expect mainly cytoplasmic staining, with strong signal reported in selected glandular cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, kidney tubule cells, trophoblasts and smooth muscle cells (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates its IHC evidence Approved but notes low consistency with RNA expression (HPA: reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining in adrenal, endometrial or gallbladder glandular cells, or in liver hepatocytes. | This matches HPA's mainly cytoplasmic tissue profile and its High staining calls for these cell types (HPA: tissue IHC). Judge the named cells within each section; a positive call for one population does not establish that every neighboring cell should stain. |
| A focused signal near the centrosome in interphase, or at the spindle or midbody in dividing cells. | These locations fit the reported movement of LATS1 from centrosomes to the mitotic apparatus (UniProt O95835: subcellular location). Such structures can be difficult to resolve in chromogenic paraffin sections (general IHC practice); absence of a visible focus does not override an otherwise appropriate cytoplasmic pattern. |
| Predominantly nuclear or membrane-rim staining with little cytoplasmic signal. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch requiring validation: UniProt describes cytoskeletal and mitotic locations and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt O95835: subcellular location and topology). Nuclear or membrane signal alone is insufficient to identify LATS1; compare the control section and check staining conditions (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in an unexpected cell population, including spleen red-pulp cells. | HPA reports LATS1 as not detected in spleen red-pulp cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Unexpected signal may reflect nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous detection activity; it is a flag for controls, not proof of cross-reactivity (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse color across tissue and background spaces, or no signal in a reported high-staining cell population. | Diffuse color without cell-associated localization is difficult to score as LATS1 (general IHC practice). Conversely, absent signal in HPA-high hepatocytes or kidney tubule cells calls for a run-level check before a biological negative is assigned (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
💡Expected LATS1 appearanceCall a convincing positive when High, mainly cytoplasmic staining marks an HPA-reported cell population such as hepatocytes or glandular cells; isolated nuclear or membrane-rim color, or diffuse background, warrants control review (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O95835: topology; general IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell population | HPA reports High staining in several specific populations, including cardiomyocytes, trophoblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not detected in spleen red-pulp cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare like cells, rather than treating an entire organ as uniformly positive or negative. |
| Evidence strength | The listed antibody HPA031804 has an Approved IHC status, while HPA notes low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: antibody validation and reliability). Use the published tissue pattern as a reference and interpret discordant results with controls; Approved does not mean IHC Enhanced. |
| Cell-cycle location | LATS1 localizes to centrosomes in interphase and moves to spindle pole bodies, the mitotic spindle and midbody during mitosis (UniProt O95835: subcellular location). A localized mitotic focus can accompany cytoplasmic staining; its visibility depends on the cells present and section resolution (general IHC practice). |
| Topology and intact protein | UniProt reports no transmembrane segment, signal peptide or propeptide, and lists a single chain spanning residues 1–1130 (UniProt O95835: topology and processing). A membrane-rim pattern or presumed secreted product is therefore unsupported by these annotations; the record gives no antibody epitope or target-specific retrieval requirement. |
| Tissue evidence versus RNA | HPA calls kidney tubule staining High, whereas UniProt's tissue-specificity note excludes kidney from adult tissues examined (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O95835: tissue specificity). Keep this disagreement visible when interpreting kidney sections; neither source establishes a fixation effect or explains the discrepancy. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No stain in hepatocytes or another HPA-high population. | A failed run, weak detection or an unsuitable staining condition is possible; absence cannot be assigned to LATS1 biology from one slide (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Check a concurrently stained positive section, antibody dilution, retrieval and detection steps, and counterstain visibility before scoring the sample negative (general IHC practice). No LATS1-specific retrieval condition is supplied. |
| Only nuclei or cell borders stain. | That pattern conflicts with the reported mainly cytoplasmic tissue profile and nonmembrane topology (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O95835: topology). | Compare an HPA-reported positive cell population and the negative control; reassess whether the chromogen follows cell boundaries or obscures cytoplasm (general IHC practice). Do not score compartment-mismatched color alone as LATS1. |
| Diffuse color masks cellular detail. | Excess background can arise from nonspecific binding or the detection system (general IHC practice); diffuse color has no clear match to HPA's mainly cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). | Review the no-primary control, blocking and wash steps, detection development and counterstain; adjust the run until cell-associated signal can be distinguished from background (general IHC practice). |
| Spleen red-pulp cells or other unexpected cells stain strongly. | HPA reports red-pulp cells as not detected; nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity is possible, but the slide alone cannot distinguish them (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare tissue controls and a no-primary control, then inspect the detection-system control appropriate to the chromogen before attributing the signal to LATS1 (general IHC practice). |
| Kidney tubules stain although the UniProt tissue note excludes kidney. | The supplied sources disagree: HPA calls tubule-cell IHC High, while UniProt excludes kidney from adult tissues examined (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O95835: tissue specificity). | Report the observed cell compartment and intensity alongside both source statements. Use staining controls to assess the run; do not dismiss the HPA observation or infer a fixation explanation from the disagreement. |
| Can IF/ICC confirm a punctate LATS1 location? | UniProt describes centrosomal and mitotic locations, but HPA lists no ICC/IF images or main location and gives HPA031804 no ICC validation status (UniProt O95835: subcellular location; HPA: subcellular and antibody records). | Treat IF/ICC localization as unconfirmed by these HPA records. Consult the separate IF/ICC guide for its validation and controls; do not transfer an IHC staining condition into an IF protocol. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LATS1 staining
A01051-2 · IHCIHC analysis of LATS1 1using anti-LATS1 antibody (A01051-2). LATS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human placenta tissue. Heat
A01051-2 · IHCIHC analysis of LATS1 using anti-LATS1 antibody (A01051-2). LATS1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human cholangiocarcinoma tiss
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000131023-LATS1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_8429852
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000131023-LATS1/tissue/colon#imid_8429770
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000131023-LATS1/tissue/liver#imid_8429779
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000131023-LATS1/tissue/kidney#imid_8429788
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LATS1 IHC & IF
🧪Run heart muscle first: cardiomyocytes should stain (HPA: High in cardiomyocytes). Run spleen as the negative tissue, assessing red-pulp cells (HPA: Not detected in cells in red pulp); on the heart slide, cells without specific chromogen signal provide an internal negative comparison, but no particular cell type is established as negative by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Spleen (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for LATS1; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype controls (selected A01051-2 caption: rabbit primary antibody), plus LATS1 knockout tissue as a biological specificity control where available (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase for DAB detection and check or block endogenous biotin in heart muscle when using the caption’s streptavidin–biotin system (selected A01051-2 caption: SABC with DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No matched evidence reports a LATS1-specific fixation window or fixation effect, and the selected A01051-2 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected A01051-2 caption: fixative not stated). The caption uses heat retrieval in citrate buffer at pH 6 for 20 minutes; whether retrieval is essential, or whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier, is unreported (selected A01051-2 caption: citrate retrieval; HPA subcellular: no ICC-IF images). In heart muscle, endogenous biotin can complicate streptavidin–biotin detection (standard IHC practice; selected A01051-2 caption: SABC).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LATS1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LATS1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot chromogenic LATS1 IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s tissue protocol, expected localisation and appropriate controls.
How should I retrieve LATS1 antigen when staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in citrate buffer at pH 6 for 20 minutes (datasheet A01051-2). The catalog antibody detected LATS1 in a paraffin section of human placenta using that retrieval, 1 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and DAB detection (datasheet A01051-2). Compare weak sections with a placenta control processed in the same run, and check whether tissue remains attached and morphology is intact after heating (datasheet A01051-2; standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a different retrieval buffer or heating duration on matched sections and retain the condition that improves signal without increasing background (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain inconsistent LATS1 staining across my paraffin sections?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the selected tissue caption identifies a paraffin section but does not state its fixative (datasheet A01051-2). Record each specimen’s fixative, fixation duration and processing history, then compare sections stained with the same retrieval, antibody concentration and detection run (standard IHC practice). Include a consistently processed positive control, such as placenta, where the catalog antibody detected LATS1 under its reported conditions (datasheet A01051-2). If signal differs, repeat staining on matched material before attributing the difference to fixation, because the available caption cannot establish which fixation condition preserves this epitope (datasheet A01051-2; standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing LATS1 staining appear, including in dividing cells?
Assess cytoplasmic staining first: tissue IHC is described as mainly cytoplasmic in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). LATS1 also localises to centrosomes in interphase and to spindle structures and the midbody during mitosis, so small structures associated with dividing cells may be plausible (UniProt O95835 localisation). Check these structures against morphology and a nuclear counterstain; diffuse nuclear-only DAB should prompt a review of specificity and detection controls (UniProt O95835 localisation; standard IHC practice). Compare the same cellular compartment across adjacent sections, since a cytoplasmic score and a rare mitotic-structure observation answer different questions (UniProt O95835 localisation; standard IHC practice).
Can this antibody distinguish LATS1 isoforms or phosphorylation states in tissue?
Do not assign an isoform or phosphorylation state from chromogenic staining alone: the record lists 2 isoforms and multiple modified residues, while the supplied tissue caption gives no discriminating epitope information (UniProt O95835 isoforms and modified residues; datasheet A01051-2). LATS1 contains a UBA domain at residues 100–141 and a kinase domain at 705–1010, making epitope position relevant to interpretation (UniProt O95835 domains). Obtain the antibody’s immunogen or epitope details and check whether the sequence is shared by the isoforms (standard IHC practice). For a phosphorylation claim, use a validated modification-specific reagent and an appropriate control for that modification (standard IHC practice).
How can I examine LATS1 alongside a cell-type marker by immunofluorescence?
Select a marker for the cell population being examined; for placenta, trophoblastic cells provide a relevant population because they show high LATS1 tissue-IHC staining (HPA tissue IHC). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and place the weaker signal in a channel with less tissue autofluorescence, checking single-stain and unstained controls (standard IF practice). LATS1 has no transmembrane segment and has cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal locations, so use permeabilisation suited to an intracellular epitope and verify that cellular structures remain intact (UniProt O95835 topology and localisation; standard IF practice). Optimise IF fixation, permeabilisation and antibody concentration directly; the paraffin tissue caption supplies no IF-specific conditions (datasheet A01051-2; standard IF practice).
What should I check when DAB background obscures LATS1 staining?
Inspect a section without primary antibody to assess staining contributed by the secondary reagent and detection system (standard IHC practice). The reported placenta workflow used 10% goat serum blocking, a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary reagent and streptavidin–biotin detection with DAB, so check background against those steps when reproducing it (datasheet A01051-2). Add an endogenous peroxidase block before DAB development and assess whether the biotin-based system contributes tissue background (standard IHC practice). Compare clean tissue interiors with section edges and damaged regions, then adjust blocking, washes or antibody concentration only after identifying the source of unwanted staining (standard IHC practice).
How should I score LATS1 staining across specimens with different cell composition? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring; LATS1 tissue staining is mainly cytoplasmic, while its mitotic localisation can differ (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O95835 localisation). For chromogenic sections, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score calculated from intensity categories 0–3, yielding 0–300 when each category is weighted by its percentage (standard IHC scoring practice). Normalise counts to the number of evaluable cells in that population, or report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue when area is the denominator (standard IHC scoring practice). Keep retrieval, exposure, threshold and region-selection rules consistent, and exclude folds, edges and necrosis from the scored area (standard IHC practice).
How can I separate true LATS1 staining from tissue or detection artefacts?
Treat cytoplasmic staining in morphologically intact cells as more consistent with the tissue profile than widespread nuclear-only staining (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O95835 localisation). Placental trophoblastic cells provide a documented positive comparison, while red-pulp cells in spleen were reported as not detected; neither observation alone proves antibody specificity (HPA tissue IHC). Review edge accentuation, necrotic areas and staining in a section without primary antibody before calling focal DAB deposition positive (standard IHC practice). Because the tissue profile has low consistency with RNA expression data, corroborate unexpected compartment or cell-population patterns with an independent specificity control before drawing biological conclusions (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best LATS1 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1 IHC Antibodies
Anti-LATS1 antibodies cover human, mouse, and rat samples (catalog: reactivity); A01051-2 has human paraffin-section IHC images, while M01051-1 lists IF without an IF image (catalog: applications and image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-LATS1 Antibody ®
Cat # A01051-2
A01051-2 will render with a human placenta paraffin-section IHC figure; its additional IHC captions show human cholangiocarcinoma and rectal cancer, and its listed reactivity is human, mouse, and rat (A01051-2 image captions; catalog: reactivity). M01051-1 will render with listed IF validation and human, mouse, and rat reactivity, but no IHC or IF image is supplied (catalog: applications, reactivity, image captions).
Which to pick: Choose A01051-2 for paraffin-section tissue IHC: its placenta caption documents citrate pH 6 retrieval and 1 μg/ml antibody; the fixative is unreported (A01051-2 image caption). For fluorescence, M01051-1 is a rabbit monoclonal listed for IF, while A01051-2 is listed for ICC and frozen-section IHC (catalog: clonality and applications). Both list human, mouse, and rat reactivity; the supplied paraffin-section IHC images document human samples only (catalog: reactivity; A01051-2 image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O95835 (LATS1_HUMAN, Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1).
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in HEL: 27.0 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- The Immunoexpression of YAP1 and LATS1 Proteins in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Patients' Survival. BioMed research international 2018 — PMC5903336.
- Exploring the role of YAP1 and TAZ in pancreatic acinar cells and the therapeutic potential of VT-104 in pancreatic inflammation. Journal of pancreatology 2025 — PMC11925344.
- Clinicopathological Significance of Large Tumor Suppressor (LATS) Expression in Gastric Cancer. Journal of gastric cancer 2017 — PMC5746657.
- Inhibition of EZH2 exerts antitumorigenic effects in renal cell carcinoma via LATS1. FEBS open bio 2023 — PMC10068324.
- PubMed PMID:9988268 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10518011 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LATS1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1). Expected localisation Mainly cytoplasmic in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01051-2). Validated IHC antibody: A01051-2 at 0.5-1μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Spleen. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01051-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01051-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6 , 20 min (datasheet A01051-2); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01051-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LATS1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A01051-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01051-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody staining and RNA levels show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms ; check epitope coverage for each (UniProt); Regulation: Low tissue specificity at RNA level (HPA tissue RNA). Evidence: UniProt O95835, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in HEL: 27.0 nTPM, Datasheet A01051-2, PMC5746657. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LATS1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.