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LATS2 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LATS2
Plan LATS2 chromogenic IHC using its cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue staining pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Stomach glandular cells show high staining, while appendix glandular cells have no detected staining; use this contrast when choosing controls (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LATS2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic and nuclear signal; stained cell types vary (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01352-1) | |
| Positive control | Cerebral cortex+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Appendix+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has low consistency with tissue RNA levels (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No reported isoforms or processing to alter epitope mapping (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LATS2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody uses EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval (datasheet A01352-1). These four published LATS2 tissue IHC protocols provide additional study-specific conditions (PMC4451109; PMC5746657; PMC2958949; PMC13079482).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human prostate cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01352-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01352-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01352-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01352-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LATS2, 1:50 (datasheet A01352-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01352-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A01352-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LATS2-positive staining in neuropil of cerebral cortex (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A01352-1). The published protocols also report Tris–EDTA pH 9 and microwave retrieval at pH 6.0 (PMC4451109; PMC5746657).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LATS2 Staining Pattern?
LATS2 can appear in the cytoplasm and nucleus, with centrosome or spindle pole localisation in dividing cells (UniProt Q9NRM7 localisation). In tissue IHC, expect staining in appropriate cell populations, including stomach glandular cells and testicular spermatogonia (HPA: High in both). LATS2 has no transmembrane segment, so a membrane rim is unexpected (UniProt Q9NRM7 topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC pattern Approved, while reporting low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells or testicular spermatogonia. | This fits the reported tissue pattern: both cell populations stain High, and LATS2 has cytoplasmic and nuclear localisation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NRM7 localisation). Interpret the stained cells and compartments together, rather than treating any brown signal in the section as a positive result. |
| Predominantly sharp staining along cell membranes, with little intracellular signal. | A membrane rim does not match the reported cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue pattern or the absence of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NRM7 topology). Review morphology and detection controls before calling it LATS2 staining (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in a cell population reported as Not detected, such as appendix glandular cells. | The distribution conflicts with that specific HPA observation; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA: appendix glandular cells Not detected; standard IHC practice). It is a reason to investigate specificity, not proof that the tissue contains no LATS2. |
| Diffuse colour over tissue and blank spaces, obscuring cell boundaries. | This cannot support a compartment or cell-type call. Non-specific binding or detection background may be contributing (standard IHC practice). Compare the negative reagent control and inspect whether signal tracks cells before assigning an HPA-compatible pattern (HPA tissue IHC). |
| No staining in stomach glandular cells or testicular spermatogonia. | Both are reported High by HPA, so an absent result warrants a run-level check (HPA tissue IHC). Check the positive control and the antibody's IHC-P instructions before interpreting the specimen; HPA's Approved rating also carries a low RNA–staining consistency caveat (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected LATS2 appearanceCall a positive result when interpretable cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining occurs in the expected cells, ideally at the reported High level in stomach glandular cells or testicular spermatogonia; an isolated membrane rim, staining outside cell boundaries, or strong signal in a population HPA lists as Not detected needs investigation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NRM7 localisation and topology; standard IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports High staining in cerebral cortex neuropil, stomach glandular cells and testicular spermatogonia; Medium in breast, colon and duodenal glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Select a control by the named cell population, since a whole-tissue label alone does not specify which cells should stain (standard IHC practice). |
| Evidence confidence | The tissue IHC reliability is Approved, but antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). Treat the listed cell-level observations as reference patterns, while checking an unexpected result with controls. HPA lists HPA039191 as IHC Approved; it does not list that antibody as IHC Enhanced (HPA antibodies). |
| Compartment and cell cycle | UniProt places LATS2 in cytoplasm and nucleus, with centrosome localisation during interphase and movement to spindle poles in mitosis and the midbody during cytokinesis (UniProt Q9NRM7 localisation). A small mitotic focus may therefore be plausible, but ordinary chromogenic tissue IHC may not resolve it reliably (standard IHC practice). |
| Tissue evidence conflict | UniProt reports high expression in heart and skeletal muscle, whereas HPA lists heart muscle cardiomyocytes as Not detected by tissue IHC (UniProt Q9NRM7 tissue specificity; HPA: heart muscle cardiomyocytes Not detected). Do not use heart cardiomyocytes as the sole positive control for this staining pattern. |
| IF/ICC Q: What pattern is reported? | A: HPA reports cytosol and centriolar satellites as approved locations in ICC-IF, with images from A-431, U-251MG and U2OS (HPA subcellular). HPA049037 is ICC Supported, while HPA039191 is IHC Approved (HPA antibodies). Those validation labels apply to their respective assays and do not establish an IF result for the IHC antibody. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The expected glandular-cell positive control is blank. | The run may have failed, or the tested material may differ from HPA's observed pattern; HPA reports High staining in stomach glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Confirm that glandular cells are present and preserved, review the positive and negative controls, and follow the IHC-validated antibody's supplied IHC-P instructions for retrieval and detection (standard IHC practice). |
| Signal is confined to cell borders. | Border-only staining conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern and LATS2's lack of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NRM7 topology). | Check adjacent morphology and detection controls; score intracellular signal separately from the border pattern (standard IHC practice). |
| Appendix glandular cells stain strongly. | HPA lists that cell population as Not detected; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity may explain the discrepancy (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Check a negative reagent control and the detection-system controls. Interpret the result alongside a named HPA High cell population on the same run (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Brown colour is diffuse or present in blank spaces. | Background may obscure the cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern needed for interpretation (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Inspect negative controls, blocking and detection steps, then repeat with the antibody's IHC-P instructions if the compartment cannot be scored (standard IHC practice). |
| Only the nucleus stains across many tissue cell types. | Nuclear localisation is possible for LATS2, but HPA describes both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in most tissues (UniProt Q9NRM7 localisation; HPA tissue IHC). | Compare cell types and compartments in a positive control and review counterstain and negative controls before assigning a nuclear-only pattern (standard IHC practice). |
| Heart cardiomyocytes are blank and the run is called a failure. | HPA reports cardiomyocytes as Not detected despite UniProt's high heart expression statement (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9NRM7 tissue specificity). | Assess the run with stomach glandular cells or testicular spermatogonia, which HPA reports as High, and record the heart result separately (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LATS2 staining
A01352-1 · IHCIHC analysis of LATS2 using anti-LATS2 antibody (A01352-1). LATS2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human prostate cancer tissu
A01352-1 · IHCIHC analysis of LATS2 using anti-LATS2 antibody (A01352-1). LATS2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human prostate cancer tissu
A01352 · IHCImmunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle tissue, using LATS2 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked w
A01352 · IFImmunofluorescence analysis of HepG2 cells, using LATS2 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the synthesized peptide.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000150457-LATS2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_10553521
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000150457-LATS2/tissue/colon#imid_10561079
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000150457-LATS2/tissue/liver#imid_10561080
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000150457-LATS2/tissue/kidney#imid_10561081
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA049037; green = LATS2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA049037; green = LATS2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LATS2 IHC & IF
🧪Run stomach first: its glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in stomach glandular cells). Use appendix glandular cells as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in appendix glandular cells); on the stomach slide, assess unstained surrounding cells as background only after confirming their identity and staining pattern.
Positive control tissue: Cerebral cortex (Neuropil, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Appendix (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LATS2 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Centriolar satellite (approved), Cytosol (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host- and class-matched rabbit IgG isotype controls (caption: rabbit primary), plus identically processed LATS2 knockout material as a biological negative. Block endogenous peroxidase and check for luminal chromogen deposits in stomach glands (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and fixation effect are unreported, and the selected A01352-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The caption reports heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C; it does not establish whether retrieval is required for other specimens (caption: prostate cancer tissue IHC). Frozen sections or IF cannot be judged easier from these data; for IF, cytosolic and centriolar satellite staining is reported in cultured cells (HPA: approved ICC-IF locations).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LATS2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebral cortex | Neuropil | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Stomach | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Spermatogonia cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Cells in endometrial stroma | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Parathyroid gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LATS2 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LATS2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cellular compartment, controls, and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
How should I adjust retrieval when LATS2 staining is weak?
Use heat mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A01352-1). The pictured assay then used the catalog antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, providing a starting point for troubleshooting weak signal (datasheet A01352-1). If staining is faint, check that sections stayed covered by retrieval solution and compare fresh sections processed with consistent heating and cooling (standard IHC practice). Assess tissue integrity alongside signal, because excessive heating can damage morphology and complicate compartment scoring (standard IHC practice). Keep an established positive control in each comparison so retrieval changes can be judged independently of section variation (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven LATS2 staining?
The selected paraffin section caption does not state its fixative, so target specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet A01352-1). Record the fixative, fixation duration, and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining intensity across cases (standard IHC practice). When weak staining follows a processing change, compare sections from similarly handled specimens using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 1:200 antibody starting dilution (datasheet A01352-1; standard IHC practice). Check preserved morphology and an established positive control before attributing signal loss to biological variation (standard IHC practice). Do not use tissue expression patterns to infer which fixation conditions preserve this antibody's epitope.
Should LATS2 staining be nuclear, cytoplasmic, or punctate?
Evaluate cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately: both occur across tissues in the reference IHC profile (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Puncta can also be plausible because LATS2 localizes to centrosomes and spindle poles during cell division, then to the midbody during cytokinesis (UniProt Q9NRM7: subcellular location). Its nuclear localization can change with mitotic stress, so record cell state and morphology before interpreting a compartment shift (UniProt Q9NRM7: subcellular location). Examine puncta at higher magnification and confirm that they lie within intact cells rather than section debris (standard IHC practice). Compare each compartment against a no primary control and adjacent tissue structures (standard IHC practice).
Could an isoform or modification change the staining pattern?
The supplied record lists 0 isoforms and a single chain spanning residues 1–1088 (UniProt Q9NRM7: isoforms and processing). LATS2 has a UBA domain at 98–139, a kinase domain at 668–973, and several recorded phosphorylation sites (UniProt Q9NRM7: domains and modified residues). Those annotations alone do not establish which sequence this antibody recognizes or whether phosphorylation changes its binding. Obtain the antibody's documented immunogen or epitope before linking a staining difference to a domain or modification (standard antibody validation practice). If that information is unavailable, treat altered staining as an observation requiring independent validation, not evidence for an isoform.
How can I check LATS2 localisation by multiplex IF?
For the separate IF/ICC assay, pair LATS2 with a validated marker for the expected cell population, such as glandular cells in a suitable tissue (HPA: glandular cell staining in stomach). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and place the weaker signal in a channel with low tissue autofluorescence; include single stain and no primary controls (standard IF practice). LATS2 has no transmembrane segment and is reported in intracellular compartments, so use permeabilisation appropriate for access to cytosolic and nuclear epitopes (UniProt Q9NRM7: topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice). Check whether puncta occupy cellular structures; centriolar satellite and cytosolic localization have been observed by ICC/IF (HPA: subcellular location).
What causes diffuse brown background in LATS2 sections?
Start by comparing the stained section with a no primary control to separate antibody dependent signal from detection background (standard IHC practice). The pictured paraffin assay used 10% goat serum blocking, a peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody, and DAB development (datasheet A01352-1). Check endogenous peroxidase blocking, secondary antibody specificity, wash consistency, and DAB development time if brown deposit appears broadly (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Excess primary antibody can also obscure the cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern reported for LATS2, so compare a small dilution series against an established positive control (HPA: tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). Assess background before increasing retrieval intensity or exposure.
How should I score LATS2 across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because cytoplasmic and nuclear LATS2 staining both appear in the reference tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity separately for each compartment; an H-score can combine those measurements when intensity categories are defined consistently (standard IHC scoring practice). For discrete positive cells, report counts per mm² of viable tissue or per defined cell population, with the sampled area stated (standard image analysis practice). Normalize comparisons to viable cell number or tissue area and use the same threshold, counterstain, and imaging settings across sections (standard IHC practice). Exclude folds, edges, and necrotic regions consistently.
When is apparent LATS2 positivity likely to be artefactual?
A convincing result should follow intact cellular boundaries and show a reproducible cytoplasmic, nuclear, or cell cycle associated punctate pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q9NRM7: subcellular location). Compare the stained cell population with the expected tissue context; for example, glandular cells show high staining in stomach but are reported as undetected in appendix (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat isolated edge staining, necrotic debris, and diffuse brown signal in a no primary control as possible artefacts (standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase activity when DAB persists without primary antibody (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Interpret subtle tissue differences cautiously because the reference IHC dataset reports low consistency with RNA expression (HPA: reliability description).
Boster reagents
Best LATS2 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2 IHC Antibodies
The IHC images show human prostate cancer and skeletal muscle paraffin sections (IHC captions: A01352-1, A01352); an IF image shows HepG2 cells (A01352 IF caption). Both antibodies list Human and Mouse reactivity (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-LATS2 Antibody
Cat # A01352-1
Real IHC data
Anti-Kpm LATS2 Antibody
Cat # A01352
A01352-1 will render with IHC data from a human prostate cancer paraffin section (A01352-1 IHC caption). A01352 will render with IHC data from a human skeletal muscle paraffin section with a peptide-blocked comparison; its separate IF image shows HepG2 cells (A01352 IHC and IF captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A01352-1 if a documented retrieval procedure helps: its prostate cancer paraffin-section caption specifies EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and a 1:200 primary incubation; the fixative is unreported (A01352-1 IHC caption). For IF, choose A01352 for its HepG2 image with a peptide-blocked comparison (A01352 IF caption); for ICC, choose A01352-1 because ICC is listed among its applications (A01352-1 catalog applications). Both are rabbit polyclonal antibodies listed as reactive with Human and Mouse (catalog: A01352, A01352-1), while their IHC captions document human paraffin sections only and do not report a fixative (IHC captions: A01352, A01352-1).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9NRM7 (LATS2_HUMAN, Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2).
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the cytosol and centriolar satellites..
- Human Protein Atlas. LATS2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Aberrant large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene expression correlates with EGFR mutation and survival in lung adenocarcinomas. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2014 — PMC4451109.
- Clinicopathological Significance of Large Tumor Suppressor (LATS) Expression in Gastric Cancer. Journal of gastric cancer 2017 — PMC5746657.
- LATS2 is de-methylated and overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis. BMC cancer 2010 — PMC2958949.
- Immunoexpression profile of LATS2 and YAP1 and its clinicopathological relevance in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral and maxillofacial surgery 2026 — PMC13079482.
- PubMed PMID:10871863 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15057823 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LATS2 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01352-1). Validated IHC antibody: A01352-1 at 1:50 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Cerebral cortex (Neuropil); negative Appendix. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human prostate cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01352-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01352-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01352-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01352-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LATS2, 1:50 (datasheet A01352-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01352-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining has low consistency with tissue RNA levels (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No reported isoforms or processing to alter epitope mapping (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9NRM7, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · cytosol and centriolar satellites., Datasheet A01352-1, PMC4451109, PMC5746657. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LATS2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.