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LSM7 / U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm7 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LSM7
Plan LSM7 IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s 1–2 μg/mL range (datasheet A09236-1). Compare cytoplasmic staining with the HPA tissue profile, while accounting for its uncertain reliability and UniProt’s nuclear annotation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LSM7 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear location (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues; high in alveolar cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A09236-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Cervix+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Tissue staining has uncertain reliability (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No specific regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 2–103 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LSM7 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A09236-1) appears alongside one published paraffin-section LSM7 IHC protocol (PMC12816532: methods).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human bladder cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A09236-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A09236-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A09236-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A09236-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LSM7, 1-2μg/ml (datasheet A09236-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A09236-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A09236-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LSM7-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A09236-1); consider citrate pH 6.0 when following the published protocol (PMC12816532: methods).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LSM7 Staining Pattern?
For paraffin IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic LSM7 staining in several cell types, including adrenal glandular cells, hippocampal neurons, lung alveolar cells, skin fibroblasts and cells in testis seminiferous ducts (HPA tissue IHC: High; cytoplasmic expression in most tissues). Treat this as a provisional pattern: the tissue IHC assessment is Uncertain, while UniProt places LSM7 in the nucleus and reports no transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; UniProt Q9UK45: subcellular location and topology).
| Cytoplasmic staining in the listed high-staining cell populations, with identifiable cell boundaries and limited background (HPA tissue IHC: High; cytoplasmic profile). | This matches the reported paraffin tissue pattern. Compare signal within the relevant cells and against a no-primary control; a strong signal alone does not establish antibody specificity because the tissue IHC assessment remains Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear or nucleolar staining in paraffin sections, without the reported cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile). | Check for a compartment artefact or detection problem before calling it the expected IHC result (general IHC practice). The discrepancy needs care: UniProt assigns LSM7 to the nucleus, and HPA ICC-IF reports an approved nucleoli fibrillar center location (UniProt Q9UK45: nucleus; HPA ICC-IF: approved location). |
| Strong staining in cell types listed as not detected, such as pancreatic exocrine glandular cells or esophageal squamous epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected). | Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, particularly if the same signal appears in controls (general IHC practice). Do not label the tissue positive from this slide alone: HPA's negative observations come from an IHC assessment rated Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
| Diffuse color covers cells, extracellular areas or section edges and obscures where individual cells stain (general IHC practice). | This pattern cannot be scored reliably as LSM7 localisation. Review blocking, washing, detection and counterstain, then compare a no-primary control; HPA reports cellular cytoplasmic staining rather than a diffuse tissue-wide deposit (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile). |
| Little or no signal in adrenal glandular cells or lung alveolar cells despite intact tissue morphology (HPA tissue IHC: High). | First check the IHC-validated antibody and staining run using an appropriate positive control, then review retrieval, dilution and detection as general workflow variables (general IHC practice). A negative result in one section cannot settle LSM7 absence because HPA rates its tissue IHC assessment Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
💡Expected LSM7 appearanceA provisional positive paraffin IHC result is discernible, predominantly cytoplasmic staining in the listed high-staining cells; broad diffuse deposit or equally strong staining in cells listed as not detected warrants control-based review (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile, High and Not detected; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain; general IHC practice).
| Assay-dependent localisation | HPA describes cytoplasmic staining in tissue IHC, whereas its ICC-IF result places LSM7 in the nucleoli fibrillar center and UniProt lists the nucleus. Record the assay when comparing compartments; this evidence does not resolve the difference (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile; HPA ICC-IF: approved location; UniProt Q9UK45: nucleus). |
| IF/ICC: what pattern should be expected? | For IF/ICC interpretation, HPA reports localisation to the nucleoli fibrillar center, with images from A-431, U-251MG and U2OS. This is an IF observation, not a paraffin IHC protocol or a reason to require nucleolar chromogenic staining (HPA ICC-IF: approved location and image cell lines; HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile). |
| Strength of tissue evidence | The tissue profile reports low RNA tissue specificity and staining across most tissues, but its antibody staining versus RNA consistency is medium and pending external verification. Use the named high-staining cells as provisional comparators, not as independently validated specificity controls (HPA tissue IHC: low RNA tissue specificity; Uncertain reliability). |
| Topology and processing | UniProt reports no transmembrane segment or signal peptide and identifies a chain spanning residues 2–103. Those annotations give no basis to expect membrane or secreted-tissue staining, and they do not establish how fixation affects epitope access (UniProt Q9UK45: topology and processing). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No stain appears in an HPA high-staining cell population (HPA tissue IHC: High). | A failed staining run, unsuitable retrieval, antibody dilution or detection can suppress signal (general IHC practice). | Check run controls and tissue integrity, then optimise retrieval and dilution under the IHC-validated antibody's instructions; treat the HPA comparator as provisional (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
| The slide shows predominantly nuclear stain instead of the reported cytoplasmic IHC pattern (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic profile). | Compartment misassignment or staining artefact is possible, while UniProt and ICC-IF support nuclear or nucleolar localisation (general IHC practice; UniProt Q9UK45: nucleus; HPA ICC-IF: approved location). | Review cell morphology, counterstain and controls; document the assay-specific discrepancy before interpreting the nuclear signal as LSM7 (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). |
| Cells listed as not detected stain strongly (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity may contribute; the HPA negative observation is provisional (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: Uncertain). | Compare no-primary and detection controls, then assess whether the pattern persists with an independently validated approach (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse deposit makes cell-level scoring difficult (general IHC practice). | Insufficient blocking or washing, excessive reagent concentration, or detection background can obscure localisation (general IHC practice). | Inspect the no-primary control and adjust blocking, washing and reagent concentration according to the detection system; score only interpretable cellular stain (general IHC practice). |
| Staining is uneven across the paraffin section (general IHC practice). | Uneven reagent coverage, section adhesion or retrieval conditions can create regional variation unrelated to cell type (general IHC practice). | Check section quality and reagent coverage, and repeat with consistent retrieval conditions before comparing tissue regions (general IHC practice). |
| Color develops in the no-primary control (general IHC practice). | Endogenous detection activity or background from detection reagents is possible without primary antibody (general IHC practice). | Resolve the control signal using the detection system's blocking and control steps before assigning positive LSM7 staining (general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LSM7 staining
A09236-1 · IHCIHC analysis of LSM7 using anti-LSM7 antibody (A09236-1). LSM7 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human bladder cancer tissue. Hea
A09236-1 · IHCIHC analysis of LSM7 using anti-LSM7 antibody (A09236-1). LSM7 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of mouse brain tissue. Heat mediate
A09236-1 · IFIF analysis of LSM7 using anti-LSM7 antibody (A09236-1). LSM7 was detected in immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme antigen retr
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130332-LSM7/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_10868659
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130332-LSM7/tissue/colon#imid_10868585
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130332-LSM7/tissue/liver#imid_10868602
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130332-LSM7/tissue/kidney#imid_10868603
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA041850; green = LSM7, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA041850; green = LSM7, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LSM7 IHC & IF
🧪Run skin first and expect staining in fibroblasts (HPA: High in skin fibroblasts); use oral mucosa squamous epithelium as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells). On the skin slide, cells without nuclear or nucleolar signal can serve as background comparators, but the supplied HPA skin row does not establish another cell type as a true negative (UniProt Q9UK45: nucleus; HPA subcellular: nucleoli fibrillar center; HPA: High in skin fibroblasts).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Cervix (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LSM7 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoli fibrillar center (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and concentration-matched nonimmune rabbit IgG controls, plus an LSM7 knockout specimen or peptide competition if the immunizing peptide is available (A09236-1 caption: rabbit primary antibody; standard IHC controls). For skin, quench endogenous peroxidase, check whether pigment resembles DAB staining, and assess autofluorescence if using IF (standard skin IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected A09236-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (A09236-1 caption). That caption uses heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required for LSM7 (A09236-1 caption). The supplied evidence does not show that frozen sections or IF are easier than paraffin IHC; for IF/ICC, HPA reports nucleoli fibrillar-center localization, while skin pigment can complicate DAB interpretation and skin autofluorescence can complicate IF (HPA subcellular; standard skin IHC/IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LSM7
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lung | Alveolar cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skin | Fibroblasts | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Cells in seminiferous ducts | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Oral mucosa | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LSM7 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LSM7 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, controls, compartment patterns, and scoring against the reported evidence.
Which retrieval condition should I start with for LSM7 paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet A09236-1). The selected paraffin-section example used that condition before blocking with 10% goat serum and applying 2 μg/mL primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A09236-1). If staining is weak, compare retrieval durations on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration, detection chemistry, and development time constant (standard IHC practice). Inspect tissue preservation and background alongside signal; excessive heating can damage morphology, so a brighter section alone does not establish a better retrieval condition (standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot weak staining when fixation history is uncertain?
Target-specific sensitivity of LSM7 to fixation is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet A09236-1). Record the specimen's actual fixative and fixation duration when available, then compare similarly processed sections before attributing weak staining to antigen loss (standard IHC practice). Run a positive-control section through the same retrieval, 2 μg/mL primary incubation, and DAB workflow described for this antibody (datasheet A09236-1; standard IHC practice). If control and test sections differ, assess tissue preservation, section adhesion, and detection performance separately; neither tissue staining patterns nor LSM7 topology establishes a fixation effect (standard IHC practice).
Should I score nuclear or cytoplasmic LSM7 staining in chromogenic sections?
Record nuclear and cytoplasmic DAB staining separately because UniProt places LSM7 in the nucleus, whereas HPA reports cytoplasmic expression in most tissue sections (UniProt Q9UK45 subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile). HPA also assigns a nucleolar fibrillar-center location from subcellular imaging, so a nucleolar pattern is biologically plausible but should not be presumed visible with chromogenic IHC (HPA: subcellular location; standard IHC practice). Check whether nuclear detail survives counterstaining and DAB development, then review matched negative controls for diffuse pigment (standard IHC practice). Treat the compartment discrepancy as unresolved, especially because the HPA tissue-IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: reliability).
Could isoforms or epitope masking explain inconsistent LSM7 staining?
No alternative isoforms are listed for LSM7, and its Sm domain spans residues 10–90 (UniProt Q9UK45 isoforms and domains). The supplied evidence does not map this antibody's epitope, so domain location alone cannot establish whether retrieval exposes or destroys antibody binding (UniProt Q9UK45 domains; datasheet A09236-1). Compare serial sections under the reported EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval condition first, holding primary concentration and DAB development constant (datasheet A09236-1; standard IHC practice). If staining remains inconsistent, use an independently validated antibody with a documented epitope and concordant compartment pattern as a specificity check (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve an ambiguous LSM7 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a separate validation experiment, since the selected antibody evidence here describes paraffin-section chromogenic IHC (datasheet A09236-1). Multiplex LSM7 with a validated marker for the cell population being assessed; HPA reports high staining in alveolar cells, among other populations, but rates its tissue-IHC evidence Uncertain (HPA: lung alveolar cells, High; HPA: reliability). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores, favoring a far-red channel where tissue autofluorescence interferes, and include single-stain controls (standard IF practice). LSM7 has no transmembrane segment and is assigned a nuclear location, so permeabilise cells for intracellular access while checking morphology; the antibody's precise epitope is unreported (UniProt Q9UK45 topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice).
What should I check when DAB staining looks diffuse or widespread?
First compare a no-primary control with the stained section, using the same secondary reagent, streptavidin–biotin complex, and DAB development (datasheet A09236-1; standard IHC practice). The reported workflow uses a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C, followed by streptavidin–biotin detection and DAB (datasheet A09236-1). Check endogenous peroxidase and biotin interference, and review blocking and washes before increasing primary antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Score pigment at folds, section edges, and damaged areas separately from intact cells; widespread color is especially hard to interpret when HPA already reports broad tissue staining (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How should I quantify LSM7 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, then record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity within each region (standard IHC practice). An H-score combines intensity categories 0–3 with their cell percentages, yielding 0–300; alternatively, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue (standard IHC practice). Normalise comparisons to the same viable cell population or tissue area, with consistent section thickness, counterstain, imaging, and DAB development (standard IHC practice). Keep nuclear and cytoplasmic scores separate because their reported locations differ, and disclose the HPA tissue-IHC reliability as Uncertain when interpreting trends (UniProt Q9UK45 subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile and reliability).
How can I distinguish genuine LSM7 staining from artefact?
A credible pattern should persist in intact cells, follow the same compartment rules across comparable sections, and exceed the no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Nuclear staining fits UniProt's LSM7 location, while cytoplasmic tissue staining and a nucleolar fibrillar-center IF location are both reported by HPA; these observations require separate evaluation (UniProt Q9UK45 subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile and subcellular location). Review cell identity before calling a section negative, since HPA reports high staining in some populations and no detection in others, with Uncertain tissue-IHC reliability (HPA: tissue IHC positive and negative lists; HPA: reliability). Exclude edge staining, necrotic areas, and color reproduced by endogenous enzyme activity or no-primary controls from positive scores (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best LSM7 / U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm7 IHC Antibodies
A09236-1 has IHC images from human bladder cancer and mouse and rat brain paraffin sections (catalog IHC captions), plus IF data from human MCF-7 cells (catalog IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-LSM7 Antibody ®
Cat # A09236-1
A09236-1 is listed for IHC in human, mouse and rat (catalog applications and reactivity), with paraffin-section images from human bladder cancer and mouse and rat brain (catalog IHC captions). The same SKU is listed for IF/ICC (catalog applications), with an IF image from human MCF-7 cells (catalog IF caption).
Which to pick: Choose A09236-1 for tissue IHC in paraffin sections: its captions document EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and rabbit primary antibody at 2 μg/ml (catalog IHC captions); the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC captions). Choose A09236-1 for IF/ICC in human cells: IF/ICC is listed, and its MCF-7 IF caption documents 5 μg/ml primary antibody (catalog applications; catalog IF caption). For cross-species IHC, A09236-1 lists human, mouse and rat reactivity and has paraffin-section images for all three (catalog reactivity; catalog IHC captions); its host is rabbit and clonality is unreported (catalog host and clone fields).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9UK45 (LSM7_HUMAN, U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm7).
- Human Protein Atlas. LSM7 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. LSM7 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoli fibrillar center..
- Human Protein Atlas. LSM7 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Integrative multiomics dissection of LSM7 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Science progress 2026 — PMC12816532.
- PubMed PMID:10523320 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15057824 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LSM7 (U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm7). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear location (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A09236-1). Validated IHC antibody: A09236-1 at 1-2μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Cervix. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human bladder cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A09236-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A09236-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A09236-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A09236-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LSM7, 1-2μg/ml (datasheet A09236-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A09236-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Tissue staining has uncertain reliability (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; mature chain spans residues 2–103 (UniProt); Regulation: No specific regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9UK45, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoli fibrillar center., Datasheet A09236-1, PMC12816532. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LSM7/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.