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Plan chromogenic MAP2K2 IHC on paraffin sections using the IHC-validated antibody at 2–5 μg/ml (datasheet A00996-2). Appendix glandular cells show high staining, while heart cardiomyocytes are reported as undetected (HPA tissue IHC).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | General cytoplasmic staining, including glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A00996-2) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Heart muscle+2 more · see all |
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A00996-2) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation unannotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms or cleavage; no extracellular domain (UniProt) |
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A00996-2) with the published HNSCC biopsy protocol (PMC10741104).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00996-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00996-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A00996-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A00996-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-MAP2K2, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A00996-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A00996-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A00996-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | MAP2K2-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
MAP2K2 should appear mainly cytoplasmic in paraffin-section IHC, including strong staining in appendix and colon glandular cells and bone marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in these cells). UniProt also lists membrane localization, possibly regulated by KSR1 interaction, and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt P36507: subcellular location and topology). Treat intensity expectations as guides: HPA rates tissue IHC reliability Supported, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA: reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining is strong in appendix or colon glandular cells, with recognizable cell boundaries. | This matches the reported compartment and high-staining cell populations (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in appendix and colon glandular cells). Compare signal within the intended cell population, because adjacent cells need not share its staining level (general IHC interpretation). |
| Signal appears predominantly nuclear, or as sharply outlined plasma membranes without convincing cytoplasm. | Recheck specificity and imaging or scoring: HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue staining, while UniProt lists cytoplasm and potentially regulated membrane localization (HPA: tissue profile; UniProt P36507: subcellular location). A membrane-associated component alone is therefore insufficient evidence of an artefact. |
| Cardiomyocytes stain strongly in heart muscle despite an otherwise plausible slide. | That conflicts with the reported absence of detectable cardiomyocyte staining (HPA: heart muscle, cardiomyocytes Not detected). Consider cross-reactivity or chromogenic detection activity, then compare a control lacking primary antibody (general IHC practice). Do not score other heart cell types from this cardiomyocyte finding. |
| Brown deposit covers tissue broadly, including spaces or structures without clear cellular outlines. | A diffuse deposit is difficult to assign to MAP2K2-positive cells (general IHC interpretation). Review blocking, washing and chromogen development, and use a control lacking primary antibody to assess detection background (general IHC practice). |
| Appendix glandular cells or bone marrow hematopoietic cells show no convincing cytoplasmic signal. | These are reported high-staining populations (HPA: High in appendix glandular cells and bone marrow hematopoietic cells). A negative run is inconclusive until section quality, retrieval and detection controls are checked (general IHC practice); HPA does not establish MAP2K2-specific fixation sensitivity. |
| Cell population and tissue | HPA reports High staining in appendix, colon and duodenal glandular cells, bone marrow hematopoietic cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells; cardiomyocytes and skeletal and smooth muscle cells are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Evaluate the named cells, rather than assigning one score to the whole section (general IHC interpretation). |
| Compartment and topology | The tissue profile is generally cytoplasmic; UniProt lists cytoplasm and membrane, with membrane localization possibly regulated by KSR1 interaction (HPA: tissue profile; UniProt P36507: subcellular location). No transmembrane segment is annotated, so an exclusively crisp surface pattern needs further assessment (UniProt P36507: topology; general IHC interpretation). |
| Evidence strength and antibody comparison | HPA calls tissue IHC Supported and describes medium consistency with RNA data; both listed HPA antibodies have Supported IHC status (HPA: reliability; HPA051993 and CAB003835 IHC validation). Those ratings describe the HPA observations and do not independently validate a different catalog antibody (general assay interpretation). |
| Antigen form and epitope limits | UniProt annotates one 1–400 chain, no signal peptide or propeptide, and no listed isoforms (UniProt P36507: processing and isoforms). Phosphorylated residues are annotated, but the supplied evidence gives no IHC antibody epitope or MAP2K2-specific retrieval response; do not infer a required retrieval condition from those annotations (UniProt P36507: modified residues; supplied-source limit). |
| IF/ICC Q: what localization should appear? | A: HPA reports mainly cytosolic IF signal, with additional sperm mid-piece, principal-piece and end-piece localization (HPA: ICC-IF subcellular summary). This cross-check informs compartment interpretation; the present guide's primary readout is chromogenic paraffin-section IHC (application scope). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known high-staining cells are blank. | The run may have inadequate retrieval or failed antibody or detection steps (general IHC practice); target-specific fixation sensitivity is unreported in the supplied evidence. | Check section integrity, the IHC-validated antibody's IHC-P instructions, retrieval and detection controls; rerun a reported high-staining population such as appendix glandular cells (HPA: High in appendix glandular cells; general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen is widespread and cell outlines are hard to distinguish. | Excess detection background or endogenous activity can obscure cellular staining in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). | Review blocking, washes and chromogen development; compare a control lacking primary antibody, especially before interpreting marrow signal (general IHC practice; HPA: High in bone marrow hematopoietic cells). |
| Cardiomyocytes appear strongly positive. | Cross-reactivity or detection background is possible because cardiomyocytes are reported Not detected (HPA: heart muscle IHC; general IHC interpretation). | Confirm the stained cell identity, inspect a control lacking primary antibody and compare a reported positive tissue in the same run (general IHC practice; HPA: appendix glandular cells High). |
| Signal is predominantly nuclear. | The compartment disagrees with HPA's general cytoplasmic tissue profile and UniProt's cytoplasm and membrane annotation (HPA: tissue profile; UniProt P36507: subcellular location). | Review counterstain and focal plane, check detection background, then reassess using a reported positive cell population (general IHC practice; HPA: appendix glandular cells High). |
| Only a thin cell-edge signal is visible. | UniProt permits regulated membrane association, but the expected tissue IHC profile is generally cytoplasmic (UniProt P36507: subcellular location; HPA: tissue profile). | Check whether cytoplasm is also stained, compare local background and confirm the pattern with appropriate controls before scoring it as MAP2K2 (general IHC interpretation). |
| A low- or absent-staining population is used as the sole run control. | HPA reports Low staining in hippocampal neuronal cells and Not detected staining in skeletal myocytes, so either gives limited evidence that a negative assay worked (HPA: tissue IHC). | Include a reported high-staining cell population as a positive comparison and score each named population separately (HPA: appendix glandular cells High; general IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot MAP2K2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cytoplasmic localisation, controls, and how staining is scored.
Catalog antibodies have IHC images from human paraffin sections and mouse and rat brain sections, plus IF images from human cells (catalog image captions: A00996-2, M00996, M00996-2, M00996-3).
A00996-2 has IHC images from human rectal cancer and mouse and rat brain paraffin sections; M00996 has an IHC image from a human stomach cancer paraffin section (catalog IHC image captions: A00996-2, M00996). M00996-3 has an IHC image from a human renal clear cell carcinoma paraffin section and an IF image from MCF-7 cells; M00996-2 has an IF image from MCF-7 cells and does not list IHC as an application (catalog applications and image captions: M00996-3, M00996-2).
Which to pick: For human tissue IHC, choose A00996-2, M00996, or M00996-3 according to the relevant paraffin section image; each caption reports EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, while the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC image captions: A00996-2, M00996, M00996-3). For IF/ICC, M00996-2 has a human MCF-7 cell IF image and is a mouse monoclonal antibody; M00996-3 also has a human MCF-7 cell IF image and lists IHC (catalog applications, clone and IF image captions: M00996-2, M00996-3). For cross-species tissue IHC, A00996-2 has paraffin section images from human, mouse, and rat samples; M00996-3 lists reactivity with all three species, but its IHC image shows only human tissue (catalog reactivity and IHC image captions: A00996-2, M00996-3).