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MPI / Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for MPI
Plan chromogenic IHC for MPI with an IHC-validated antibody (datasheet: M00175-2). Use cytoplasmic staining as the expected tissue pattern and lung macrophages as a high-staining reference (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
MPI Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining; high in lung macrophages (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M00175-2) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+3 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M00175-2) | |
| Caveat | Lung macrophages may dominate the signal (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No specific inducer reported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Two isoforms; epitope differences unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended MPI IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by one published MPI immunohistochemistry protocol in a prostate cancer tissue microarray (PMC9491030).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M00175-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M00175-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M00175-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M00175-2) |
| Primary antibody | Mouse monoclonal (clone 5G5) anti-MPI, 2μg/ml (datasheet M00175-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M00175-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet M00175-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | MPI-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet: M00175-2); the published protocol does not state its retrieval conditions (PMC9491030).
Section 2
What Is the Expected MPI Staining Pattern?
MPI is expected mainly in the cytoplasm of stained cells (UniProt P34949: cytoplasm; HPA: general cytoplasmic IHC expression). In paraffin IHC, strong examples include lung macrophages, pancreatic exocrine glandular cells and testicular Leydig cells (HPA: High in each). The HPA tissue profile is Approved, with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression; MPI has no transmembrane segment (HPA: tissue reliability; UniProt P34949 topology).
| Cytoplasmic staining in lung macrophages or pancreatic exocrine cells, with cell outlines and nuclei readable. | This fits the expected compartment and documented High cell-specific staining (UniProt P34949: cytoplasm; HPA: High in these cells). Compare cells within the section; a strong field alone does not establish which cells carry the signal (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Staining is chiefly nuclear, or forms a dominant sharply outlined membrane pattern. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch for IHC: HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue staining, and UniProt places MPI in the cytoplasm (HPA: tissue profile; UniProt P34949: subcellular location). HPA ICC-IF also reports an additional plasma membrane location, so a minor membrane component alone is not proof of artefact (HPA: subcellular). |
| Strong colour appears mainly in adipocytes, smooth muscle cells or soft-tissue fibroblasts. | These cell types are listed as Not detected by HPA tissue IHC (HPA: adipose tissue, smooth muscle and soft tissue). Recheck cell identity and controls before calling MPI positive; unexpected colour may reflect cross-reactivity or detection background (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Colour spreads evenly across stroma, empty spaces and cell types instead of resolving cytoplasm. | A uniform haze does not match the cell-resolved cytoplasmic profile (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Assess reagent-only controls and background before scoring cells; nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous detection activity can produce diffuse chromogenic signal (standard IHC practice). |
| No cytoplasmic signal is visible in a well-preserved, expected-positive cell population. | Check a documented High population such as lung macrophages or pancreatic exocrine cells first (HPA: tissue IHC). An absent result may reflect assay failure or a sample-specific difference; HPA calls its tissue profile Approved with medium RNA-staining consistency, so one negative section cannot settle biological absence (HPA: reliability description; standard IHC interpretation). |
💡Expected MPI appearanceCall a positive result when appropriate cells show discernible, predominantly cytoplasmic colour, especially High staining in lung macrophages or pancreatic exocrine cells; dominant nuclear colour or indiscriminate background is suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P34949: cytoplasm; standard IHC interpretation).
| Cell population and tissue | Expect intensity to vary by cell type: adrenal glandular cells, lung macrophages, pancreatic exocrine cells, salivary glandular cells and Leydig cells are High, while adipocytes are Not detected in HPA IHC (HPA: tissue IHC). Score identified cells rather than a whole section as uniformly positive (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Compartment and topology | MPI is annotated as cytoplasmic and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P34949: location and topology). The expected IHC reading is predominantly intracellular cytoplasmic staining (HPA: tissue profile); membrane-like staining needs context because HPA ICC-IF reports an additional plasma membrane location (HPA: subcellular). |
| Evidence and antibody validation | The tissue profile is Approved but has medium consistency with RNA data, and HPA007200 is listed as IHC Approved (HPA: tissue reliability and antibody record). These designations support comparison with the reference pattern; they do not make every unexpected cell or compartment a confirmed biological finding (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Isoforms and processing | UniProt lists 2 isoforms and annotates the mature chain as residues 2–423, with no signal peptide or propeptide (UniProt P34949: isoforms and processing). No antibody epitope or isoform-specific staining claim is supplied; interpret the HPA images as a reference pattern, without assigning a signal to either isoform. |
| IF/ICC: what localisation should be expected? | Mainly cytosol, with an additional plasma membrane location in HPA ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular, both locations Approved). This helps interpret an IF image but does not establish that a membrane-dominant chromogenic tissue pattern is expected; the HPA tissue IHC profile is generally cytoplasmic (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive cells show no colour. | The expected cell population may be absent from the section, or the IHC run may have failed (standard IHC practice); lung macrophages and pancreatic exocrine cells are documented High examples (HPA: tissue IHC). | Confirm the relevant cells are present, then review a same-run positive control and the detection steps (standard IHC practice). Record a technical failure separately from a cell-level negative result. |
| Signal is faint in a selected tissue. | The chosen cells may normally stain weakly: HPA lists small-intestinal glandular cells and rectal glandular cells as Low (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare with a documented High cell population and score cell type and intensity together (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC interpretation). Do not use a low-staining population as the sole sensitivity check. |
| Nuclei dominate the stain. | That compartment conflicts with cytoplasmic MPI annotation and HPA's general cytoplasmic tissue pattern (UniProt P34949: location; HPA: tissue IHC); the cause is unresolved from the supplied records. | Review the counterstain and reagent-only control, then verify whether the chromogen truly occupies nuclei (standard IHC practice). Score the nuclear pattern as unexpected until resolved. |
| Brown colour covers many cell types and extracellular areas. | Diffuse colour may come from nonspecific binding or endogenous chromogenic detection activity rather than cell-localized MPI (standard IHC practice; HPA: general cytoplasmic tissue profile). | Inspect negative controls and the detection system; if peroxidase detection is used, check its endogenous-activity control (standard IHC practice). Reassess only discrete cytoplasmic signal. |
| A cell type listed as Not detected appears strongly positive. | Possible explanations include mistaken cell identification, cross-reactivity or background; HPA lists adipocytes, parathyroid glandular cells, smooth muscle cells and soft-tissue fibroblasts as Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC interpretation). | Confirm morphology and compare a same-run documented positive population and negative controls (standard IHC practice). Report the discrepancy without treating the HPA category as proof that every specimen must be negative. |
| A positive cell shows some edge signal. | HPA ICC-IF reports an additional plasma membrane location, while tissue IHC is generally cytoplasmic (HPA: subcellular and tissue IHC). The records do not establish whether this section's edge signal is specific. | Judge the edge signal alongside cytoplasmic staining, cell identity and controls (standard IHC interpretation). Keep a membrane-dominant result separate from the expected IHC pattern. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing MPI staining
M00175-2 · IHCIHC analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (M00175-2). MPI was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat medi
M00175-2 · IHCIHC analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (M00175-2). MPI was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat me
M00175-2 · IFIF analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (M00175-2). MPI was detected in immunocytochemical section of T-47D cells. Enzyme antigen retriev
A00175 · IHCIHC analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (A00175). MPI was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer tissues. Heat
A00175 · IHCIHC analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (A00175). MPI was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissues. Heat media
M00175 · IFIF analysis of MPI using anti-MPI antibody (M00175). MPI was detected in immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme antigen retrieval
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000178802-MPI/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_2312160
HPA · HippocampusHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Hippocampus. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000178802-MPI/tissue/hippocampal+formation#imid_2312161
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000178802-MPI/tissue/colon#imid_2312102
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000178802-MPI/tissue/liver#imid_2312103
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA007200; green = MPI, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA007200; green = MPI, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for MPI IHC & IF
🧪Run lung first and expect its macrophages to stain (HPA: High in lung macrophages); use adipose tissue as the negative comparator and expect adipocytes to be unstained (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the lung slide, cells without specific cytosolic staining should show only background; do not assume every non-macrophage is MPI-negative (UniProt P34949: cytoplasm; expressed in all tissues).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show MPI in A-431, HUVEC/TERT2, U-251MG, Sperm, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a mouse IgG isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s subclass and clonality where known (selected-SKU caption: mouse primary); and an MPI knockout control or peptide competition if a validated blocking peptide is available (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase and assess macrophage pigment in lung sections before interpreting DAB staining (HPA: High in lung macrophages; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative unreported). The demonstrated IHC condition uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but retrieval dependency has not been established (selected-SKU caption: heat retrieval in EDTA, pH 8.0). Frozen sections or IF cannot be judged easier from the supplied evidence; cytosolic IF is feasible to assess, while lung macrophage autofluorescence needs checking (HPA: approved cytosol localization by ICC-IF; standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for MPI
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lung | Macrophages | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Pancreas | Exocrine glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Salivary gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Leydig cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Parathyroid gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Soft tissue | Fibroblasts | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced MPI IHC Tips
Troubleshoot MPI staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cytoplasmic localisation, cell identity and assay controls before interpreting signal strength.
Where should I start if MPI staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet M00175-2). The documented paraffin-section example then used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and DAB detection (datasheet M00175-2). Keep retrieval and detection conditions consistent while checking a positive control, so a weak result is easier to interpret (standard IHC practice). If signal remains weak, optimise heating duration on adjacent sections and inspect tissue preservation before changing multiple steps together (standard IHC practice). Record any change to buffer or pH as a separate, unvalidated optimisation for this antibody (datasheet M00175-2).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven MPI staining?
The selected image documents a paraffin-embedded section but does not state its fixative, so MPI-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet M00175-2). Record the actual fixative and fixation duration for each specimen before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). Compare sections processed together, then examine whether weak areas coincide with poor morphology or uneven processing (standard IHC practice). Optimise retrieval and primary-antibody conditions on matched sections while keeping the detection run constant (standard IHC practice). The documented 2 μg/ml overnight incubation provides a starting point for M00175-2, but it cannot establish how any particular fixation condition affects MPI staining (datasheet M00175-2).
What staining pattern should I expect for MPI?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in interpretable IHC sections: MPI is annotated as cytoplasmic, and HPA reports general cytoplasmic tissue expression (UniProt P34949; HPA tissue IHC). HPA subcellular data place MPI mainly in the cytosol, with an additional plasma-membrane location (HPA subcellular). MPI has no annotated transmembrane segment, so assess apparent membrane accentuation alongside the cytoplasmic signal and tissue morphology (UniProt P34949; standard IHC practice). Compare the pattern with the expected cells in the same section, such as lung macrophages reported as high by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). Diffuse DAB across compartments or tissue edges warrants review of blocking, detection and section integrity (standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish MPI isoforms or phosphorylation states?
MPI has 2 annotated isoforms and reported phosphoserines at residues 102 and 108 (UniProt P34949). The supplied IHC caption does not identify the M00175-2 epitope or show isoform-specific validation, so an ordinary positive stain cannot assign an isoform or phosphorylation state (datasheet M00175-2; UniProt P34949). Check epitope documentation before comparing specimens with different staining patterns (standard IHC practice). If epitope information becomes available, compare it with the annotated isoforms and modified residues when planning validation (UniProt P34949; standard IHC practice). Report the result as MPI immunoreactivity unless separate evidence establishes which molecular form the antibody detects (standard IHC practice).
How can I check MPI localisation with a multiplex IF experiment?
For a parallel IF experiment, include a marker identifying the expected cell population; a lung macrophage marker is relevant when examining the HPA high-staining lung population (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence, reserving a well-separated channel with adequate contrast for MPI (standard IF practice). MPI is mainly cytosolic, with an additional plasma-membrane location, and has no annotated transmembrane segment (HPA subcellular; UniProt P34949). If the antibody epitope is intracellular, permeabilise sufficiently for access and compare with a minimally permeabilised control when assessing membrane-associated signal (standard IF practice). Confirm cell identity and MPI compartment separately before interpreting overlap (standard IF practice).
How do I reduce diffuse DAB or staining outside expected cells?
Start by separating widespread DAB background from cytoplasmic staining in identifiable cells, the tissue pattern reported for MPI (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). The M00175-2 paraffin-section example used 10% goat serum, a biotinylated secondary antibody, a streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB (datasheet M00175-2). Check a no-primary control and the peroxidase block to assess detection-related colour; these are general chromogenic IHC controls, not MPI-specific findings (standard IHC practice). If background persists, review blocking, washes and primary concentration on adjacent sections while preserving a matched detection run (standard IHC practice). Judge any improvement against cell morphology and cytoplasmic localisation, not DAB intensity alone (UniProt P34949; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify MPI staining across tissue samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and region before scoring, because HPA reports high MPI staining in lung macrophages and medium staining in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). For a specified population, record the percentage of positive cells and an intensity-based H-score using the same thresholds across slides (standard IHC practice). If comparing cell abundance, report positive-cell density per mm² of evaluable tissue and state the sampled area (standard IHC practice). Normalise staining summaries to the number of evaluable cells in that population, or density to evaluable area, excluding damaged or necrotic regions by a preset rule (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, imaging and scoring conditions consistent across the comparison (standard IHC practice).
When is an MPI-positive IHC result convincing?
A convincing result shows staining in intact cells with a predominantly cytoplasmic pattern, consistent with UniProt and HPA localisation data (UniProt P34949; HPA tissue IHC). Interpret cell identity explicitly: HPA reports high staining in lung macrophages but no detected staining in adipocytes, so tissue-wide colour alone is insufficient (HPA tissue IHC). Review isolated edge staining, necrotic regions and colour in the no-primary control before calling cells positive (standard IHC practice). DAB colour from residual endogenous peroxidase can mimic antibody signal, making an appropriate peroxidase block and detection control useful checks (standard IHC practice). HPA rates its tissue-IHC evidence Approved with medium consistency against RNA expression, which limits confidence in intensity alone (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best MPI / Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase IHC Antibodies
Anti-MPI antibodies have IHC images from paraffin human tumor sections and rat brain (IHC image captions), plus IF/ICC images from human MCF-7 and T-47D cells (IF image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-MPI ® Antibody (monoclonal, 5G5)
Cat # M00175-2
Real IHC data
Anti-Mannose Phosphate Isomerase/MPI Antibody ®
Cat # A00175
Real IF data
Anti-MPI Antibody ® (monoclonal, 11I4)
Cat # M00175
M00175-2 shows IHC in paraffin human lung, breast, renal clear cell carcinoma and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma sections, plus IF/ICC in T-47D cells (M00175-2 image captions). A00175 shows IHC in paraffin human intestinal cancer, lung cancer and rat brain sections (A00175 image captions); M00175 shows IF/ICC in MCF-7 cells (M00175 image caption).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose M00175-2, a mouse monoclonal with EDTA retrieval at pH 8 in its human lung cancer image (M00175-2 catalog entry and IHC caption), or A00175, a rabbit antibody with citrate retrieval at pH 6 in its human intestinal cancer image (A00175 catalog entry and IHC caption); fixation is unreported in both captions. For IF/ICC, M00175 has an MCF-7 image (M00175 IF caption), while M00175-2 has a T-47D image (M00175-2 IF caption). For work across species, A00175 lists human, mouse and rat reactivity (A00175 catalog entry), with IHC images in human and rat tissue (A00175 IHC captions); the supplied images do not establish mouse tissue IHC performance.
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P34949 (MPI_HUMAN, Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase).
- Human Protein Atlas. MPI tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. MPI subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the plasma membrane..
- Human Protein Atlas. MPI antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Mannose inhibits the growth of prostate cancer through a mitochondrial mechanism. Asian journal of andrology 2022 — PMC9491030.
- Mannose Impairs Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Enhances the Sensitivity of A549 Cells to Carboplatin. Cancer management and research 2020 — PMC7648561.
- Detection of PrP(BSE) and prion infectivity in the ileal Peyer's patch of young calves as early as 2 months after oral challenge with classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Veterinary research 2017 — PMC5738053.
- Ex vivo magnetic particle imaging of vascular inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm in a murine model. Scientific reports 2020 — PMC7381631.
- PubMed PMID:8307007 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10980531 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for MPI (Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M00175-2). Validated IHC antibody: M00175-2 at 2μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M00175-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M00175-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M00175-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M00175-2); 8. Primary antibody: Mouse monoclonal (clone 5G5) anti-MPI, 2μg/ml (datasheet M00175-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M00175-2). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M00175-2); Caveat: Lung macrophages may dominate the signal (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Two isoforms; epitope differences unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: No specific inducer reported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P34949, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the plasma…, Datasheet M00175-2, PMC9491030. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MPI/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.