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MRPS17 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17m · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for MRPS17
Plan chromogenic IHC for MRPS17 using its observed cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC) and mitochondrial location (UniProt). Compare medium staining in adrenal glandular cells with adipocytes reported as not detected, and assess antibody specificity (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
MRPS17 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | General cytoplasmic staining across cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A14408) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody may recognize proteins from multiple genes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulation annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms; check epitope against mature chain 21–130 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended MRPS17 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody's IHC-P protocol (datasheet A14408) with published MRPS17 protocols for gastric cancer (PMC8247386) and lung adenocarcinoma (PMC13525032).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A14408) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A14408); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A14408); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-MRPS17, 1:100 - 1:300 (datasheet A14408) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | MRPS17-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 (datasheet A14408; PMC8247386 methods). Sodium citrate boiling was also reported (PMC13525032 methods).
Section 2
What Is the Expected MRPS17 Staining Pattern?
MRPS17 is a mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9Y2R5). In paraffin section IHC, expect cytoplasmic staining rather than a resolved mitochondrial outline: HPA describes general cytoplasmic expression and medium staining in selected glandular, epithelial, hematopoietic and neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates its tissue antibody Approved, while cautioning that it targets protein from more than one gene and awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic staining in adrenal gland or duodenal glandular cells, bronchial respiratory epithelium, or cerebellar Purkinje cells. | These are examples of medium IHC staining in the specified cells (HPA tissue IHC). A cytoplasmic pattern agrees with HPA and is compatible with mitochondrial MRPS17 (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2R5); it does not establish target specificity on its own. |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, or staining confined to a cell surface outline. | Neither pattern matches HPA's general cytoplasmic profile or UniProt's mitochondrial assignment and absence of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2R5). Treat it as questionable staining and compare with controls before scoring. |
| Strong signal in adipocytes, or follicle cells of the ovary, despite little signal in an expected positive cell population. | HPA reports MRPS17 as not detected in those cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; the Approved tissue antibody has a multi-gene targeting caution, so this pattern cannot be assigned confidently to MRPS17 (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse color across cells and extracellular spaces, with little distinction between expected positive and negative areas. | This is a poor basis for cellular scoring (general IHC practice). Check background in a no-primary control and reassess blocking, antibody concentration and detection conditions (general IHC practice); HPA specifically disregarded observed plasma staining (HPA tissue IHC). |
| No cytoplasmic signal in an adequately preserved section containing HPA medium-staining cells. | Absence in those cells conflicts with the reported IHC pattern (HPA tissue IHC). First check tissue identity, section quality and positive-control performance, then optimize the general IHC workflow; a single blank section does not establish biological absence (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected MRPS17 appearanceCall a result consistent with MRPS17 when staining is cytoplasmic and approximately medium in HPA-listed positive cells, such as adrenal glandular or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells; predominantly nuclear, surface-outline, or strong staining in HPA-not-detected cells calls for investigation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2R5).
| Compartment and resolution | UniProt places MRPS17 in mitochondria, while HPA reports general cytoplasmic tissue IHC staining (UniProt Q9Y2R5; HPA tissue IHC). Score the observed cytoplasmic distribution without requiring individual mitochondria to be visible in a chromogenic section. |
| Processing and membrane topology | UniProt lists a 130-residue precursor, a mature chain spanning residues 21–130, and no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9Y2R5). These annotations support an intracellular interpretation; they do not identify the antibody epitope or predict an antigen-retrieval condition. |
| Tissue choice and antibody confidence | HPA reports low tissue RNA specificity, medium staining in selected cells, and not-detected results in others (HPA tissue IHC). Its Approved tissue result carries pending external verification and a multi-gene targeting warning; use positive and comparison tissues to judge the pattern, without treating either as proof of specificity (HPA tissue IHC). |
| What does IF/ICC establish here? | HPA provides no main ICC-IF location or cell-line images for MRPS17, and lists no ICC validation for HPA047159 (HPA subcellular; HPA antibodies). UniProt's mitochondrial assignment is a localization expectation, not an IF image result (UniProt Q9Y2R5). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells are blank. | The section or detection run may have failed; HPA reports medium staining in the specified positive cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Confirm cell identity and morphology, then check a working positive control and the detection reagents before adjusting general IHC conditions (general IHC practice). |
| Signal is mainly nuclear or forms a crisp cell surface outline. | That distribution disagrees with the HPA cytoplasmic profile and UniProt mitochondrial location (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2R5). | Review the no-primary control and cellular localization, and seek an independent specificity check before calling the signal MRPS17 (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC antibody caution). |
| Adipocytes or ovarian follicle cells stain prominently. | HPA lists these populations as not detected; non-specific binding or endogenous detection activity may be contributing (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare with an HPA medium-staining cell population and no-primary control; investigate the detection system if the unexpected signal persists (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Color is widespread, including plasma or spaces between cells. | Background can obscure cellular staining (general IHC practice); HPA observed plasma staining and disregarded it (HPA tissue IHC). | Do not score plasma as MRPS17; inspect no-primary background, then review blocking, washing and antibody concentration using general IHC controls (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Two sections show different signal intensity. | Differences in cell composition or staining-run conditions can change an IHC comparison (general IHC practice); HPA levels are assigned to particular cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare the same identified cell type under matched staining and detection conditions, with controls in each run (general IHC practice). |
| A cytoplasmic positive result is being treated as definitive target validation. | HPA calls the tissue result Approved but flags multi-gene targeting and pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC). | Report the pattern as consistent with MRPS17 and use an independent specificity check for a target-specific conclusion (HPA tissue IHC antibody caution; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing MRPS17 staining
A14408 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was
A14408S17 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200 (4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA, pH9.0 w
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000239789-MRPS17/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_14667232
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000239789-MRPS17/tissue/colon#imid_14667166
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000239789-MRPS17/tissue/liver#imid_14667167
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000239789-MRPS17/tissue/kidney#imid_14667168
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for MRPS17 IHC & IF
🧪Run adrenal gland first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: Medium in adrenal gland glandular cells). Use parathyroid glandular cells as a negative tissue comparator (HPA: Not detected in parathyroid gland glandular cells); adjacent non-glandular cells on the adrenal slide should show background only when used as an internal reference, but their MRPS17 status is not established by the supplied HPA rows.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for MRPS17; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host-species- and clonality-matched isotype controls, plus MRPS17-knockout material or an immunizing-peptide block if available (standard IHC controls). Check endogenous peroxidase activity and tissue pigment before interpreting chromogenic staining in adrenal gland (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A14408 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (catalog antibody caption). That caption reports Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for antigen retrieval and a 1:200 primary antibody dilution in liver cancer tissue; it does not establish that retrieval is required for other tissues (catalog antibody caption). Frozen sections and IF cannot be judged easier from the supplied evidence; no ICC-IF images are listed, and adrenal pigment may complicate chromogenic interpretation (HPA subcellular record; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for MRPS17
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Caution, targets protein from more than one gene. Pending external verification. Staining in plasma observed and disregarded.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Follicle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Parathyroid gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced MRPS17 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot MRPS17 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls, and scoring before interpreting signal intensity.
What retrieval should I try first if MRPS17 staining is weak?
Use heat-mediated Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for retrieval of paraffin sections (datasheet A14408). The selected image used this buffer before staining with the catalog antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4 °C (A14408 caption). If signal remains weak, check that sections were fully deparaffinized and compare a short series of heating times while keeping buffer and detection conditions constant (standard IHC practice). Include a tissue and cell population with reported staining, such as duodenal glandular cells, to distinguish failed retrieval from low expression (HPA: Medium in duodenal glandular cells). Excessive heating can damage morphology, so assess staining alongside section integrity (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven MRPS17 IHC staining?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative, so MRPS17-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (A14408 caption). Record the fixative, fixation duration, section age, and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining across cases (standard IHC practice). For routine formalin-fixed tissue, keep fixation and processing consistent across comparison groups and start with the specified Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 (standard IHC practice; datasheet A14408). Compare questionable sections with a consistently processed positive-control section in the same run, then inspect both signal and tissue morphology (standard IHC practice). Do not assign a weak result to fixation without that controlled comparison (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing MRPS17 staining appear in a paraffin section?
Expect a cytoplasmic pattern compatible with mitochondria because MRPS17 is a mitochondrial small-subunit protein (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion and mt-SSU). Tissue IHC describes general cytoplasmic expression, which supports compartment-level assessment but does not establish mitochondrial resolution in a chromogenic section (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Check whether staining follows intact cell bodies rather than nuclei, luminal material, or detached debris (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion; standard IHC practice). Compare the same cell population across cases because cellular composition can change the apparent area of positive staining (standard IHC practice). Treat a predominantly nuclear pattern as a specificity warning requiring controls, not as confirmed MRPS17 localisation (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion).
How should I troubleshoot an unexpected staining pattern when the antibody epitope is unspecified?
No alternative isoform or epitope position is specified here, so do not assign a staining pattern to an unreported MRPS17 variant (UniProt Q9Y2R5: zero annotated isoforms; A14408 caption: no epitope stated). The annotated mature chain spans residues 21–130, and MRPS17 has no annotated transmembrane segment or glycosylation sites (UniProt Q9Y2R5: processing, topology, glycosylation). Those annotations do not establish which residues the catalog antibody recognizes or how fixation affects their accessibility (UniProt Q9Y2R5; A14408 caption). Recheck the pH 9.0 retrieval and compare staining with a known positive cell population before changing detection strength (datasheet A14408; HPA: Medium in duodenal glandular cells). An independent epitope-specific control would strengthen any claim of specificity (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help assess whether the IHC signal is mitochondrial?
Use IF as a complementary localisation check, since MRPS17 is annotated in mitochondria while the tissue IHC profile is broadly cytoplasmic (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Multiplex with a mitochondrial marker and a marker for the expected cell population, such as duodenal glandular cells, and inspect signal within individual cells (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion; HPA: Medium in duodenal glandular cells). Select fluorophores after measuring tissue autofluorescence and include single-stain controls to evaluate bleed-through (standard IF practice). Permeabilize for an intracellular mitochondrial target, but optimize detergent conditions because the antibody epitope’s precise membrane-side accessibility is unspecified (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mt-SSU, no transmembrane segment; A14408 caption: no epitope stated). The supplied caption establishes a paraffin-section IHC example, not an IF validation (A14408 caption).
What should I check when chromogenic MRPS17 staining looks diffuse or dirty?
First inspect no-primary controls and section edges to separate detection-system background from staining within intact cells (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection and assess whether the counterstain or DAB development obscures cytoplasmic detail (standard IHC practice). The selected example used primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4 °C and secondary antibody at 1:200 for 45 minutes at room temperature; these are image conditions, not background-control evidence (A14408 caption). If background persists, titrate antibody and development conditions while retaining a positive control and identical section handling (standard IHC practice). Exclude plasma staining from interpretation because it was observed and disregarded in the tissue profile (HPA: reliability description).
How should I score MRPS17 IHC across samples with different cell mixtures? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue compartment before scoring, then record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity within that population (standard IHC practice). An H-score can combine intensity categories with their corresponding percentages, giving a 0–300 range when intensity is graded 0–3 (standard IHC practice). For spatial comparisons, positive-cell density per mm² is useful if the measured tissue area and exclusion rules are fixed (standard IHC practice). Normalize to the number of evaluable target cells or viable tissue area, and keep retrieval, antibody dilution, and DAB development consistent across slides (standard IHC practice). Report cell composition because the tissue profile shows differing detection levels among cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How do I distinguish true MRPS17 positivity from staining artefacts?
A plausible result is staining in intact cell cytoplasm, consistent with MRPS17’s mitochondrial annotation and the reported tissue IHC profile (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Compare candidate positive cells with reported medium-staining populations, such as adrenal glandular cells, while respecting differences in tissue processing (HPA: Medium in adrenal glandular cells; standard IHC practice). Predominantly nuclear staining, strong section-edge signal, necrotic debris, or signal in no-primary controls warrants investigation of specificity or detection background (UniProt Q9Y2R5: mitochondrion; standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase activity and exclude plasma staining from the score (standard IHC practice; HPA: plasma staining disregarded). Interpret a positive result cautiously because the tissue IHC antibody is flagged as targeting proteins from more than one gene, pending external verification (HPA: reliability description).
Boster reagents
Best MRPS17 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17m IHC Antibodies
The catalog antibodies cover human and mouse IHC and IF applications (catalog: A14408, A14408S17); their figures show paraffin-section IHC of human liver cancer (catalog image captions). No IF figure is supplied (catalog).
Real IHC data
Anti-MRPS17 Antibody
Cat # A14408
Real IHC data
Anti-MRP-S17 Antibody
Cat # A14408S17
A14408 will render with a human liver cancer paraffin-section IHC figure; its listed applications include IHC, IF and ICC, with human and mouse reactivity (catalog: A14408). A14408S17 will render with its own human liver cancer paraffin-section IHC figure; its listed applications include IHC and IF, with human and mouse reactivity (catalog: A14408S17).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, either A14408 or A14408S17 has its own paraffin-section IHC example using primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C and Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0; the fixative is unreported in both captions (catalog image captions: A14408, A14408S17). For IF/ICC, choose A14408 because both applications are listed, while A14408S17 lists IF but not ICC; neither has an IF figure in the payload (catalog: A14408, A14408S17). Both are listed as polyclonal rabbit antibodies reactive with human and mouse, so either is a cross-species candidate (catalog: A14408, A14408S17).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9Y2R5 (RT17_HUMAN, Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17m).
- Human Protein Atlas. MRPS17 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. MRPS17 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in A-431: 146.9 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. MRPS17 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- MRPS17 promotes invasion and metastasis through PI3K/AKT signal pathway and could be potential prognostic marker for gastric cancer. Journal of Cancer 2021 — PMC8247386.
- TET1-mediated DNA demethylation and transcription activation of MRPS17 induces lung adenocarcinoma through PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Journal of molecular histology 2026 — PMC13525032.
- PubMed PMID:9653160 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11402041 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for MRPS17 (Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17m). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue sections (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A14408). Validated IHC antibody: A14408 at 1:100 - 1:300 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human liver cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A14408); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A14408); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A14408); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-MRPS17, 1:100 - 1:300 (datasheet A14408); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody may recognize proteins from multiple genes (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms; check epitope against mature chain 21–130 (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulation annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9Y2R5, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in A-431: 146.9 nTPM, Datasheet A14408, PMC8247386, PMC13525032. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MRPS17/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.