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- Table of Contents
Facts about Myotubularin-related protein 2.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | MTMR2 |
Uniprot: | Q13614 |
Entrez: | 8898 |
Belongs to: |
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protein-tyrosine phosphatase family |
CMT4B; CMT4B1; EC 3.1.3; EC 3.1.3.2; EC 3.1.3.48; KIAA1073EC 3.1.3.-; myotubularin related protein 2; myotubularin-related protein 2
Mass (kDA):
73.381 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 11q21 |
Sequence: | 11; NC_000011.10 (95832880..95924110, complement) |
Cytoplasm. Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cell projection, axon. Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Partly associated with membranes (PubMed:12668758, PubMed:15998640, PubMed:21372139). Localizes to vacuoles in hypo-osmotic conditions (By similarity).
If you want to find out more about the MTMR2 Marker, you can check out the Boster Bio Antibody - Myotubularin Related Protein 2 (A04202). It was designed for WB applications and is stored at -20degC for one year. This monoclonal antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, and Rat. The list of possible applications is endless, so it's important to know which antibodies to use.
The MTMR2 gene is found in a large variety of organisms and is widely expressed in cells. Previous studies have shown that MTMR2 is overexpressed in human cancers. This gene has a large number of possible uses, including detecting the presence of cancer cells, but it also plays a vital role in immune system functions and is expressed in many tissues, including the brain.
The MTMR2 marker is associated with the negative regulation of JAK1/2 phosphorylation in GC cells. The MTMR2 protein tyrosine phosphatase family is a key regulatory module. MTMR2 has been classified as a protein tyrosine/dual specificity phosphatase. It is currently unclear whether MTMR2 is a substrate for phosphoinositides.
MTMR2 is a member of the myotubularin subfamily. It is expressed in peripheral nerves and the brain. MTMR2 is found in many different principal neurons, including brain cells, and has been shown to be involved in excitatory synapse maintenance. It is not completely understood how MTMR2 functions in the central nervous system, but scientists have shown that MTMR2 knockout reduces the size of excitatory synapses and rescues the function of excitatory synapses.
In addition to its role in regulating synaptic activity, MTMR2 has been shown to be associated with PSD-95. The interaction between PSD-95 and MTMR2 promotes synaptic localization of the protein. Interestingly, MTMR2 knockdown is able to reduce the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs. Its role in the development of neural pathways has not been fully understood, but it is an important marker in a growing field of research.
Several reports have shown that the MTMR2 protein interacts with PSD-95 family proteins. Its C-terminal domains were found to bind to PSD-95 proteins, allowing it to be associated with MTMR2. Similarly, a GST-MTMR2 fusion protein pulls down all PSD-95 family proteins in HEK293T cells. This indicates that the MTMR2 gene is essential for PSD-95-mediated cellular signaling.
The MTMR2 protein was co-fractionated with MTMR13 and PI(3,5)P2. It was not found in the heavy membrane (P14) fraction, where markers of early and late endosomes and lysosome were more abundant. Furthermore, both proteins were found in dense fractions of the cells, enriched in markers of late endosome/lysosome and plasma membrane.
Using a genetically manipulated GC cell line, researchers studied the migration capabilities of MTMR2-expressing GC cells. Knockdown of the MTMR2 gene reduced the migratory capacity of GC cells, while overexpression of MTMR2 significantly enhanced metastasis. They used a nude mouse model to examine the migratory ability of GC cells. Moreover, silencing the MTMR2 gene reduced the metastatic ability of GC cells, while overexpression increased the metastasis capabilities.
MTMR2 mRNA is widely expressed in the adult rat brain. MTMR2 is found in the granular layer of the olfactory bulb, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation, and the cerebral cortex, layer IV. The MTMR2 gene has also been found in the CA1-CA3 region of the Ammon's horn. It is also present in the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus, the arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and in the medial amygdalloid nucleus of the hypothalamus.
While MTMR2 has been reported in a few cancer types, its role in disease and clinical relevance is not clear. This study aims to shed light on its functions in gastric cancer and its underlying mechanisms. The results suggest that MTMR2 may be an important prognostic marker in patients with GC. But further studies are needed to identify its role in GC. In the meantime, this marker may offer a new tool in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
MTMR2 protein is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Schwann cells. It also accumulates in the nucleus of motor and sensory neurons. This marker also interacts with NFL (162280), a protein ligand that is known to be a potential drug target. But the question remains: does the MTMR2 protein interact with the phosphoinositide receptor?
Although the current treatment of GC does not target MTMR2, the expression of this protein is associated with a favorable prognosis and patient outcomes. The protein was also shown to regulate ZEB1 and IFNg/STAT1 signaling. In vivo, MTMR2 also influenced the invasion and metastasis of GC cells. It is thus thought that MTMR2 may act as a therapeutic target in GC.
Although MTMR2 has been widely used in the diagnosis of cancer, it is still not widely known how it can be used in other disease types. However, there are many studies to support its clinical use. This marker has been proven to be highly effective in detecting a variety of tumors. For example, it has been used to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells. The presence of the marker in the brain is an early indicator of inflammatory disease.
As a gene therapy agent, the MTMR2 marker can be used in CMT neuropathies. However, the goal of gene therapy for CMT is to transduce as many SCs as possible. There has been considerable progress in this area, including several promising preclinical studies. Using AAV vectors for gene therapy, for example, has helped to identify the genes responsible for the disease in CMT neuropathies.
Other clinical uses of the MTMR2 marker include diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B. In this rare autosomal recessive neuropathy, patients with mutations in MTMR2 and MTMR13 have been diagnosed with CMT. This research supports the notion that MTMR2 may regulate vesicular phosphoinositides. However, it is not clear if CMTMR2 and CMT4B1 are related.
Further studies of CMT1A disease in mice have revealed several novel drug targets based on their molecular pathophysiology. However, the disease has not yet been successfully treated with existing drugs. Therefore, clinical trials of CMT1A gene therapy are ongoing. Further studies are needed to confirm the identification of new drug targets. The MTMR2 gene has been identified as a promising candidate. Its functional role in the development of new drugs for CMT is unknown.
The MTMR2 gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in the immune response. It is expressed in the tissues of many different types of cancer. Because it is highly expressed in the body, the MTMR2 gene is of high interest in cancer immunotherapy research. The protein is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the lungs, skin, and spleen.
PMID: 9736772 by Laporte J., et al. Characterization of the myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase gene family from yeast to human.
PMID: 8640223 by Laporte J., et al. A gene mutated in X-linked myotubular myopathy defines a new putative tyrosine phosphatase family conserved in yeast.