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- Table of Contents
Facts about N-acetylaspartate synthetase.
Promotes dopamine uptake by regulating TNF-alpha expression. Attenuates methamphetamine-induced inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Mouse | |
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Gene Name: | Nat8l |
Uniprot: | Q3UGX3 |
Entrez: | 269642 |
Belongs to: |
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camello family |
Camello-like protein 3; CML3; DKFZp434B0650; DKFZp566H184; EC 2.3.1.17; FLJ37478; Hcml3; MGC117272; NAA synthetase; N-acetyltransferase 8-like (GCN5-related, putative); N-acetyltransferase 8-like protein; N-acetyltransferase 8-like; NAT8-LIKE
Mass (kDA):
32.777 kDA
Mouse | |
---|---|
Location: | 5|5 B2 |
Sequence: | 5; |
Expressed in brain, kidney, liver and spleen. In brain, present in neurons but not in astrocytes (at protein level). Expressed in brain, thymus and spleen.
We'll be talking about Steven Boster as well as NAT8L (a metabolite) of n -acetylaspartate. We'll also be discussing secondary antibodies and primary antibodies with high-affinity. Boster antibodies have been well cited in the research community for the past 25 years. In addition, these antibodies have been validated for use in Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, making them a trusted choice for researchers around the world.
Steve Boster's legacy will live on through his NAT8L marker. He was a veteran and a Concordia Hall member in Staunton, VA. His two daughters Natosha and Crystal Peck, as well as six grandchildren, survive him. His parents, Donald Meier Boster from Verona WI, and his two sisters Kimberly Blanton-Tammy Boster are also survivors.
In addition to Southern Gospel, Steve Boster enjoyed listening to and singing in public. He loved the low, gospel-singing voice. He also enjoyed sports and especially opposing teams. He loved auto racing and never missed a Friday night race at his local track. He also attended other events and dirt track racing on weekends. Visit his website to learn more about Steve Boster's work.
NAA is used to synthesize myelin and also provides acetate. Low survival rates correlate with the accumulation NAA in cancer cells. In fact, NAA is the most upregulated metabolite in ovarian cancer. ASPA expression levels in the tumor do not correlate with NAA levels, which suggests a non-catabolic function for this molecule.
After mTBI, levels ATP and NAA decreased significantly, as did the ATP/ADP ratio. Nevertheless, NAT8L protein levels were unchanged. The decreased levels of NAA and ATP/ADP ratio in sTBI rats indicated persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced recovery of neuronal energy. However, ASPA protein levels increased three-fold when ASPA protein was upregulated.
In addition to lower NAA levels in the urine, NAT8l expression in insulin-resistant as well as insulin-sensitive people has been reported. Diabetic Zucker rats have higher urinary levels of NAA than those who are not diabetic. NAA is also available from exogenous sources such as dietary supplements and dietary foods. Dietary NAA is bioavailable and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, dietary NAA may play a significant role in peripheral tissue metabolism.
Aspa and NAT8L were measured in rat brains. Differentiated iBACs were homogenized with a buffer containing 15 mmol KCl + one mmol KCl for 90 seconds. After amplification, the sample was stained for the corresponding metabolite concentration.
NAA also binds NMDARs. NAA's acetyl moieties play an essential role in interactions Glu agonists. It also has a higher affinity than NMDA to GluN2subunits, allowing NMDAR to bind it more efficiently. The presence of NAT8L in the bloodstream is a sign of a toxicity related to the overconsumption of glu.
Primary antibodies recognize epitopes that are of particular interest with high specificity as well as affinity. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can recognize specific biomolecules and measure their changes in the body. GenScript has over 1,000 highly specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody. These antibodies are approved for use in multiple applications. They also cover all major areas of research in life science.
Secondary antibodies are formed by immunizing host with antigens different from the target species. For example, goats immunized with purified mouse IgG will produce goat anti-mouse antibodies, which will recognize all classes and fragments of mouse IgG. However, goats that are immunized with mouse IgG1 antibody will only produce antibodies that recognize mouse IgG1.
KD value refers to the affinity of monoclonal monoclonal immunoglobulins for a particular antigen. It is calculated by measuring the rate of association or dissociation between an antigen and an antibody. Lower KD values indicate higher affinity. Data processing and evaluation took place at UC Davis. Abcam scientists reviewed these results. This study has important implications for antibody testing and development.
When multiple primary antibodies will be required, a method for immobilizing serum proteins is recommended. Cross-adsorbed is another name. NAT8L marks have been used in a variety applications to isolate the NAT8L gene. Researchers can identify up to 61 antigens from one tissue by using the NAT8L marker.
High-affinity primaries antibodies using the SAT8L mark have been developed for IFN g detection. This study found that the scFv antigen, scFvA8, has an affinity to IFN–g at 2.6 x109 l/mol.
Alternatively, fluorescent mIHC uses three or more markers and a fluorescent secondary antibody. Both methods require the use of primary antibodies to block endogenous enzymes. However, mIHC enables high-content data to be generated from a single tissue section, reducing the amount of tissue required and enhancing the understanding of the relationship between the various markers. In addition, mIHC uses a counterstain to help localize the primary antibody.
The NAT8L protein is a simple protein which binds to a particular antigen. Secondary antibodies are useful for many applications. These antibodies are often produced in animals other than mice and are not necessarily specific for a particular antigen. A goat immunized with mouse IgG will produce antibodies that bind to all mouse IgG classes and fragments. The same process can be repeated with goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies, but the specific antibody will depend on the type of mouse immunized with mouse IgG.
Secondary antibodies are produced with a large variety of labels using the NAT8L mark. These secondary antibodies are available as unconjugated or conjugated products and the choice depends on the application. The two most popular enzymes for conjugating secondary antibodies include alkalinephosphatase (or horseradish phosphatase). Alkaline phosphatase is more stable and is a cheaper option. ALP is more stable than HRP and provides a longer-lasting signal.
Indirect staining, secondary antibodies are often used to detect the presence of a specific antigen. They attach to the antigen's epitope, enhancing its signal. The downside of this method is that it can cause non-specific signals, and there is a need for careful optimization to minimize cross-reactivity. It can be challenging to build a panel with multiple colors. It is important that you follow guidelines in choosing the right instrument and antigens.
Primary and secondary antibodies both use the same antibody. The proper serum will reduce background noise and minimize false negatives. A suitable serum must also be of the same species as the cell type being studied. Cross-reactions could occur if serum comes from close relatives. Some intracellular staining methods require multiple washing steps. The results can also be affected depending on the wash buffer and the permeabilization method used.
In this study brown adipocytes received retroviral particles containing NAT8L coding code. The cells were differentiated on day seven, and NAT8L function was measured in cell lysates and supernatants. The expression of NAT8L in adipocytes was measured after 10 mm of isoproterenol was applied. The results were presented with the standard deviation (S.D.). (error bars) were used to analyze the results using Student's test to determine statistical differences.
PMID: 17626222 by Niwa M., et al. A novel molecule 'Shati' is involved in methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization, and conditioned place preference.
PMID: 19014384 by Niwa M., et al. A novel molecule 'shati' increases dopamine uptake via the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in pheochromocytoma-12 cells.