This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
NDUFB10 / NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for NDUFB10
Plan paraffin section IHC for NDUFB10 using the catalog antibody at 2–5 μg/mL (datasheet A11886-3). Assess cytoplasmic mitochondrial staining (HPA tissue IHC) alongside a negative control, and keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
NDUFB10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern (HPA tissue IHC); inner membrane protein (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic mitochondrial staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11886-3) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+1 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A11886-3) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope differences unreported (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended NDUFB10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody uses heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A11886-3). One published NDUFB10 chromogenic IHC protocol is summarized below (PMC12315039).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded mouse skeletal muscle tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11886-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11886-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A11886-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A11886-3) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-NDUFB10, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A11886-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A11886-3) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A11886-3) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | NDUFB10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression with a mitochondrial pattern in all tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A11886-3); the published IHC method does not specify retrieval (PMC12315039).
Section 2
What Is the Expected NDUFB10 Staining Pattern?
NDUFB10 is a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein with no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt O96000 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect cytoplasmic staining with a mitochondrial pattern across tissues, including strong staining in specified glandular and neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC profile; High in glandular and neuronal cells). HPA rates the tissue pattern Supported, with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in adrenal glandular cells or cerebellar Purkinje cells. | This fits the reported mitochondrial pattern and High staining in those cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Judge the pattern within identifiable cells; an entire section need not stain equally because HPA reports different levels among cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear, surface-only or extracellular staining, without a mitochondrial-looking cytoplasmic pattern. | Treat the compartment as discordant: NDUFB10 localises to the mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt O96000 topology), while HPA describes cytoplasmic expression with a mitochondrial pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Check localisation and controls before interpreting it as NDUFB10. |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or chondrocytes while expected positive cells are weak. | These cells were Not detected in HPA tissue IHC (HPA: adipocytes; chondrocytes). Consider nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous chromogenic activity, then compare with a detection control. HPA's observation is a comparison point, not proof that every such cell must be negative. |
| Diffuse colour over cells and surrounding tissue obscures discrete cytoplasmic staining. | The slide cannot support a confident mitochondrial-pattern call (HPA: tissue IHC profile). In general IHC practice, background may come from nonspecific binding or detection chemistry; inspect a matched control before assigning the diffuse colour to NDUFB10. |
| No staining in a well-preserved section containing identifiable colon glandular cells. | Colon glandular cells are reported High (HPA: tissue IHC). A blank result calls for a technical check, but HPA's Supported rating includes only medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: reliability); one negative section alone does not establish biological absence. |
💡Expected NDUFB10 appearanceCall a positive result when identifiable glandular or neuronal cells show appropriately graded, mitochondrial-pattern cytoplasmic staining (HPA: tissue IHC); dominant nuclear or extracellular colour is discordant (UniProt O96000 topology; HPA: tissue IHC profile).
| Compartment and topology | NDUFB10 is assigned to the mitochondrial inner membrane, with no annotated transmembrane segment (UniProt O96000 topology). For chromogenic IHC, evaluate the visible cytoplasmic pattern; the annotation alone cannot identify the exact epitope or establish a retrieval requirement. |
| Cell-specific tissue distribution | HPA reports High staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland, appendix, breast, cervix and colon, and in listed neuronal populations (HPA: tissue IHC). It reports Low in lung macrophages and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells, and Not detected in adipocytes and chondrocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Strength of pattern evidence | The tissue IHC profile is Supported, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability). The listed antibody HPA073189 is IHC Supported; its ICC status is unreported in this payload (HPA: antibody validation). Interpret atypical results with that distinction in mind. |
| Transcript and processing annotations | Two isoforms are listed, while the recorded protein chain spans residues 1–172 without an annotated signal peptide or propeptide (UniProt O96000 isoforms; processing). These facts do not show whether an antibody recognises both isoforms or predict distinct staining patterns. |
| Fixation sensitivity | Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unreported in the supplied UniProt and HPA records. Choose and document retrieval conditions through the applicable IHC protocol and controls as general IHC practice; do not infer a NDUFB10-specific fixation effect from topology or tissue staining. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No signal in adrenal or colon glandular cells expected to stain strongly. | HPA reports High staining in these cells (HPA: tissue IHC), so a technical failure is plausible; the record does not identify its cause. | In general IHC practice, verify section quality, retrieval, primary-antibody use and chromogenic detection with an appropriate positive control before calling the specimen negative. |
| Strong colour in adipocytes or chondrocytes. | Those populations were Not detected in HPA tissue IHC (HPA: adipocytes; chondrocytes); nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity is possible. | Compare a matched control and review the stained cells' identity and compartment. Treat persistent colour as unexplained until the control supports specific staining; HPA does not establish an absolute negative control. |
| Signal is mainly nuclear or outside cells. | This conflicts with mitochondrial inner-membrane localisation (UniProt O96000 topology) and HPA's cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Check counterstain interpretation, tissue morphology and control staining; score only convincing cytoplasmic signal in identifiable cells as consistent with NDUFB10. |
| Diffuse brown background hides the cellular pattern. | Background from nonspecific binding or chromogenic detection is possible under general IHC practice; the supplied sources do not assign a NDUFB10-specific cause. | Use a matched detection control, then review blocking, washes and detection conditions as general IHC troubleshooting. Reassess only where cellular localisation remains visible. |
| Macrophages look weaker than nearby strongly staining cells. | HPA reports Low staining in lung macrophages, while several listed glandular and neuronal populations are High (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare each cell population with its own HPA reference level and morphology. Do not require macrophages to match a High-staining positive control. |
| Can the IHC pattern be used as an IF/ICC validation claim? | HPA supplies no ICC-IF image or main-location assignment here, and ICC validation for HPA073189 is unreported (HPA: subcellular record; antibody validation). | Use the separate IF/ICC guide for that application. Treat mitochondrial inner-membrane localisation as a biological expectation (UniProt O96000 topology), not as demonstrated ICC staining. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing NDUFB10 staining
A11886-3 · IHCIHC analysis of NDUFB10 using anti-NDUFB10 antibody (A11886-3). NDUFB10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of mouse skeletal muscle t
A11886-3 · IHCIHC analysis of NDUFB10 using anti-NDUFB10 antibody (A11886-3). NDUFB10 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of rat skeletal muscle tis
A11886-3 · IFIF analysis of NDUFB10 using anti-NDUFB10 antibody (A11886-3). NDUFB10 was detected in immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme ant
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000140990-NDUFB10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_19952693
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000140990-NDUFB10/tissue/colon#imid_19952627
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000140990-NDUFB10/tissue/liver#imid_19952620
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000140990-NDUFB10/tissue/kidney#imid_19952629
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for NDUFB10 IHC & IF
🧪Run adrenal gland first; glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in adrenal gland glandular cells). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the adrenal slide, chromogen-free cells outside the glandular compartment can serve as an internal background reference, but their NDUFB10 status is unverified (HPA: glandular-cell result only).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for NDUFB10; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control for the rabbit catalog antibody (caption: rabbit anti-NDUFB10; standard IHC practice). Use NDUFB10 knockout tissue as a biological negative if available, and quench endogenous peroxidase and assess endogenous biotin before interpreting the SABC/DAB signal (caption: SABC/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The demonstrated IHC workflow uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0; whether retrieval is required for all specimens is unreported (caption: EDTA retrieval). No matched frozen-section or IF protocol is supplied, so neither can be judged easier; endogenous biotin or peroxidase signal could complicate interpretation with the caption’s SABC/DAB detection (caption: SABC/DAB; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for NDUFB10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced NDUFB10 IHC Tips
Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section method as the IHC starting point, then judge staining against NDUFB10’s expected mitochondrial pattern (datasheet A11886-3; UniProt O96000).
Which retrieval conditions should I try first when NDUFB10 staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet A11886-3). The selected paraffin-section example used this retrieval before overnight incubation at 4°C with 2 µg/ml antibody (datasheet A11886-3). If staining remains weak, compare retrieval duration on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration, detection and DAB development constant (standard IHC practice). Check whether stronger treatment improves the expected cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern without damaging tissue or increasing diffuse staining (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). The example identifies paraffin embedding but does not report a fixative, so its retrieval result cannot establish performance across fixation methods (datasheet A11886-3).
Could fixation explain inconsistent NDUFB10 staining across paraffin sections?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the selected tissue-IHC caption says paraffin-embedded mouse skeletal muscle but does not name its fixative (datasheet A11886-3). Record each specimen’s fixative and fixation time, and compare adjacent sections processed with the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection conditions (datasheet A11886-3; standard IHC practice). Include a consistently processed reference section in each run to distinguish specimen handling from run variation (standard IHC practice). Interpret a weaker section cautiously if its morphology or counterstain also differs (standard IHC practice). Neither the reported mitochondrial location nor the HPA staining profile establishes a particular fixation effect for NDUFB10 (UniProt O96000; HPA tissue IHC).
What NDUFB10 pattern should count as correctly localised IHC staining?
Look for cytoplasmic staining with a mitochondrial pattern, consistent with the tissue-IHC profile and NDUFB10’s inner-mitochondrial-membrane location (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O96000). Judge the pattern within identifiable cells rather than treating uniform color across a section as localisation (standard IHC practice). The selected antibody example demonstrates detection in paraffin-embedded mouse skeletal muscle using DAB, but its caption does not establish the appearance of every tissue or cell type (datasheet A11886-3). Compare staining with intact tissue morphology and an appropriate counterstain, especially where fine cytoplasmic detail is hard to resolve (standard IHC practice). Predominantly nuclear or extracellular signal warrants a background or specificity check (UniProt O96000; standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish NDUFB10 isoforms or reveal an epitope-access problem?
NDUFB10 has 2 annotated isoforms, while the supplied antibody caption gives no epitope sequence or isoform-specific validation (UniProt O96000; datasheet A11886-3). Treat the paraffin-section signal as NDUFB10 staining without assigning it to either isoform (UniProt O96000; datasheet A11886-3). The record reports no transmembrane segment and no annotated domain, but neither fact identifies which surface the antibody recognizes (UniProt O96000). A phosphoserine at residue 145 is annotated; there is no supplied evidence that this modification changes staining (UniProt O96000). If epitope access is suspected, compare matched sections under the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval conditions before interpreting intensity differences biologically (datasheet A11886-3; standard IHC practice).
How should I plan a complementary IF check of the IHC pattern?
For a complementary IF experiment, multiplex NDUFB10 with a validated marker for the expected cell type, such as a myofiber marker when examining the mouse skeletal-muscle context shown by IHC (datasheet A11886-3; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and inspect unstained tissue so autofluorescence is not mistaken for mitochondrial signal (standard IF practice). NDUFB10 is assigned to the inner mitochondrial membrane, but the supplied record does not establish the antibody epitope’s membrane-facing side (UniProt O96000; datasheet A11886-3). Optimise permeabilisation for antibody access and preserved morphology without assuming an epitope orientation (standard IF practice). The supplied HPA subcellular record lists no ICC/IF images, so this IF comparison needs its own controls (HPA subcellular).
How can I reduce diffuse brown staining without losing mitochondrial signal?
First compare a no-primary control with the stained section to assess signal from the detection system and tissue (standard IHC practice). The selected method uses 10% goat-serum blocking, a biotinylated secondary antibody, a streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB; each belongs in the background review (datasheet A11886-3). Apply an appropriate endogenous-peroxidase block and assess whether biotin-based detection contributes staining in the tissue being examined (standard IHC practice). Keep DAB development consistent across comparison sections and inspect whether excess color obscures the expected cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If background persists, adjust blocking, washing or antibody concentration one variable at a time, using the documented 2 µg/ml condition as the reference (datasheet A11886-3; standard IHC practice).
What should I score when comparing NDUFB10 IHC across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue area before scoring, then record the percentage of cells with interpretable cytoplasmic mitochondrial staining (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). An H-score can combine staining intensity with percentage positive, while positive-cell density per mm² can suit comparisons where cell abundance changes (standard IHC practice). Normalise intensity-based comparisons to the number or area of intact target cells, and keep section processing, imaging and DAB development comparable (standard IHC practice). Report which compartments and cell types were included because NDUFB10 staining varies across the listed HPA cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Exclude folds, edges and necrotic regions from the scored area using prespecified criteria (standard IHC practice).
Which findings argue that an apparent NDUFB10 positive is artefactual?
A credible positive should fit a cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern in intact cells, consistent with the reported tissue profile and inner-membrane location (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O96000). Check cell identity: HPA lists high staining in several glandular and neuronal populations, but adipocytes and chondrocytes as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Predominantly nuclear, extracellular or section-edge color calls for closer review rather than a positive call (UniProt O96000; standard IHC practice). Exclude necrotic areas and compare a no-primary control when pigment or endogenous enzyme activity could resemble DAB signal (standard IHC practice). HPA rates tissue-IHC reliability as Supported with medium staining-to-RNA consistency, so pattern and controls matter when interpreting an unexpected result (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best NDUFB10 / NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 IHC Antibodies
A11886-3 has IHC images from paraffin sections of human, mouse and rat tissue, plus an IF image from MCF-7 cells (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-NDUFB10 Antibody ®
Cat # A11886-3
A11886-3 has IHC images from mouse and rat skeletal muscle and human prostate and gastric cancer paraffin sections (catalog IHC captions). The same SKU has an IF image from MCF-7 cells (catalog IF caption).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A11886-3, a rabbit antibody with paraffin-section images across the listed tissues (catalog host; catalog IHC captions). For IF/ICC, the same SKU lists both applications and has an MCF-7 IF image (catalog applications; catalog IF caption). For cross-species work, A11886-3 lists human, mouse and rat reactivity; its paraffin-section captions do not report the fixative (catalog reactivity; catalog IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O96000 (NDUBA_HUMAN, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10).
- Human Protein Atlas. NDUFB10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. NDUFB10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in HEK293: 561.2 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. NDUFB10 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Mitochondrial Pathway Signature (MitoPS) predicts immunotherapy response and reveals NDUFB10 as a key immune regulator in lung adenocarcinoma. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 2025 — PMC12315039.
- SERPINE1 drives ferroptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome by disrupting mitochondrial NAD(+) homeostasis and suppressing Sirt3 activity. Redox biology 2026 — PMC13234598.
- PubMed PMID:9878551 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11042152 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15616553 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for NDUFB10 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic mitochondrial pattern (HPA tissue IHC); inner membrane protein (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11886-3). Validated IHC antibody: A11886-3 at 2-5μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded mouse skeletal muscle tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11886-3); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11886-3); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A11886-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A11886-3); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-NDUFB10, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A11886-3); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A11886-3). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A11886-3); Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope differences unreported (UniProt); Regulation: No regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O96000, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in HEK293: 561.2 nTPM, Datasheet A11886-3, PMC12315039. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/NDUFB10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.