This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
PABPC1 / Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for PABPC1
Plan PABPC1 staining in paraffin sections around its widespread cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Human esophageal squamous cells and testicular pachytene spermatocytes show high staining and can guide positive-control selection (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
PABPC1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic signal in many tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01877-1) | |
| Positive control | Bone marrow+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining may reflect proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Ubiquitous expression (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; antibody epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended PABPC1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses EDTA retrieval (datasheet: A01877-1). The published IHC options below report PABPC1 staining in esophageal carcinoma, mouse spermatogenesis, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (PMC8962095; PMC12040762; PMC8275044; PMC9940331).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human stomach cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01877-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01877-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01877-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A01877-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-PABPC1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A01877-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01877-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A01877-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | PABPC1-positive staining in hematopoietic cells of bone marrow (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A01877-1). When adapting the published protocols, evaluate citrate pH 6.0 (PMC12040762; PMC8275044; PMC9940331).
Section 2
What Is the Expected PABPC1 Staining Pattern?
PABPC1 should appear predominantly in the cytoplasm of many cell types: HPA describes ubiquitous cytoplasmic tissue expression, with high staining in selected cell populations and a Supported IHC reliability rating (HPA tissue IHC). UniProt also lists nuclear and stress granule localisation; PABPC1 has no transmembrane segment, so membrane-restricted staining is unexpected (UniProt P11940 localisation and topology). HPA cautions that its tissue antibodies may target protein from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic staining in esophageal squamous epithelial cells, tonsillar germinal center cells or bone marrow hematopoietic cells. | This matches HPA's High staining in those cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Compare signal within the identified cells rather than treating the whole section as uniformly positive; HPA describes broad cytoplasmic expression but reports different levels by cell type (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Signal confined to cell borders or nuclei, with little cytoplasmic staining. | A membrane-only pattern conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic pattern and lack of a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P11940 topology). Nuclear PABPC1 is possible, including during stress, so nuclear signal alone is not proof of an artefact; assess its context and controls (UniProt P11940 localisation; general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes, cholangiocytes or skeletal myocytes while expected positive cells are unstained. | HPA reports these cell populations as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Check cell identification and controls; staining there could reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially given HPA's caution that the tissue antibodies may target protein from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Even chromogenic haze across cells and spaces, obscuring cytoplasmic boundaries. | This cannot establish the cell-associated cytoplasmic pattern reported by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). Evaluate reagent-only controls, blocking, washes and detection background before assigning positive cells; these checks address general staining artefacts and do not establish a PABPC1-specific cause (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in an otherwise interpretable section containing HPA High cells. | Absent signal in an expected positive population warrants a run-level check before interpreting other cells as negative (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Confirm tissue identity, antibody and detection controls, then review the validated IHC-P workflow; the supplied sources do not identify a PABPC1-specific fixation sensitivity (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected PABPC1 appearanceCall a positive result when clear cytoplasmic chromogenic staining marks identifiable cells, especially HPA High populations; isolated membrane rims or cell-free haze are suspicious, and HPA's antibody cross-gene caution limits a PABPC1-specific call (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P11940 topology).
| Cell population and staining level (HPA tissue IHC) | HPA reports High staining in testis pachytene spermatocytes and urinary bladder urothelial cells, Medium in stomach glandular cells, and Not detected in adipocytes (HPA tissue IHC). Use those observations to choose comparison areas; ubiquitous expression does not imply equal intensity in every cell (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P11940 tissue specificity). |
| Antibody interpretation (HPA tissue IHC; HPA antibodies) | HPA rates tissue IHC Supported, describes medium agreement between staining and RNA data, and cautions that the antibodies may target protein from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC). HPA045423 and CAB011536 have Supported IHC status; HPA067156 has no listed IHC status in the supplied record (HPA antibodies). |
| Isoforms and epitope coverage (UniProt P11940) | UniProt lists 2 isoforms and four RRM domains plus a PABC domain (UniProt P11940). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform-specific IHC evidence, so a staining difference cannot be assigned to an isoform or domain without further validation (UniProt P11940; HPA antibodies). |
| IF/ICC Q: What localisation should an IF image show? | A: Predominantly cytosolic signal is supported by HPA ICC-IF images; UniProt also reports nuclear shuttling and stress-associated cytoplasmic granules (HPA subcellular; UniProt P11940 localisation). Interpret those conditional locations in context; this IHC section does not establish an IF staining workflow (HPA subcellular; UniProt P11940). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells show no chromogenic signal. | Tissue or cell identification, reagent performance, or an IHC workflow step may be at issue (general IHC practice). | Check an identifiable HPA High population, the run controls and detection reagents; review the antibody's validated IHC-P instructions before changing conditions (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). No target-specific fixation effect is established by the supplied sources. |
| The entire section has diffuse color. | Background from detection chemistry, incomplete blocking or insufficient washing can obscure cellular staining (general IHC practice). | Inspect reagent-only and detection controls, then review blocking and washes (general IHC practice). Score PABPC1 only where cell-associated cytoplasmic signal is distinguishable from background (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Signal is strongest along membranes. | This distribution is inconsistent with the reported cytoplasmic pattern and no-transmembrane topology (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P11940 topology). | Recheck focus, morphology and control sections; withhold a PABPC1-positive call if the membrane pattern persists without convincing cytoplasmic staining (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| A nucleus-only pattern appears. | UniProt reports nuclear shuttling and nuclear localisation under some stress conditions, while HPA describes the usual tissue pattern as cytoplasmic (UniProt P11940 localisation; HPA tissue IHC). | Check whether cytoplasmic staining is present in expected positive cells and compare controls before calling artefact or a condition-related change; the section alone cannot establish the cause (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Cells HPA calls Not detected stain strongly. | Cell misidentification, nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity are possibilities; HPA also flags potential cross-gene targeting (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Verify the cell type against morphology, compare expected positive cells in the same run, and examine reagent controls. Avoid assigning unexpected staining specifically to PABPC1 from this result alone (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Only weak staining appears in an HPA Low population. | HPA reports Low staining in thyroid glandular cells, pancreatic exocrine glandular cells and kidney tubular cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare with an HPA High population and the run controls before treating weak signal as assay failure; record the cell type and background separately when scoring (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing PABPC1 staining
A01877-1 · IHCIHC analysis of PABP using anti-PABP antibody (A01877-1). PABP was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human stomach cancer tissue. H
A01877-1 · IHCIHC analysis of PABP using anti-PABP antibody (A01877-1). PABP was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of rat testis tissue. Heat mediat
A01877 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat testis using PABPC1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 .Perform microwave antigen retrieval with 10
A01877 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human esophageal using PABPC1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 .Perform microwave antigen retrieval w
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000070756-PABPC1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_3018032
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000070756-PABPC1/tissue/colon#imid_3017966
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000070756-PABPC1/tissue/liver#imid_3017959
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000070756-PABPC1/tissue/kidney#imid_3017952
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB011536; green = PABPC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB011536; green = PABPC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for PABPC1 IHC & IF
🧪Run bone marrow first: hematopoietic cells should stain strongly (HPA: High in bone marrow hematopoietic cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue; adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA: Not detected in adipose tissue adipocytes). Marrow adipocytes should provide an internal low-signal reference, though their status on this slide needs confirmation (HPA: Not detected in adipose tissue adipocytes; standard bone marrow histology).
Positive control tissue: Bone marrow (Hematopoietic cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show PABPC1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, RT-4, ASC52telo, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host-matched isotype controls; for the captioned rabbit primary, use matched nonimmune rabbit IgG, matching the monoclonal subclass if applicable (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). Confirm specificity with identically processed PABPC1-knockout material or an immunogen-peptide block when the peptide is available (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase and check marrow background before interpreting DAB staining (selected-SKU caption: peroxidase/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption does not state a fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative not stated). The demonstrated paraffin-section workflow used heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C; this supports a starting condition, but does not establish that retrieval is required or that the specimen was paraffin-section (selected-SKU caption). There is no supplied comparison showing frozen sections or IF to be easier; for IF/ICC, assess predominantly cytosolic signal, and in bone marrow account for endogenous peroxidase during chromogenic IHC (HPA subcellular: cytosol supported; standard IHC practice). The selected A01877-1 tissue-IHC caption documents paraffin sections, but does not specify the fixative (selected-SKU IHC image A01877-1).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for PABPC1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Caution, targets protein from more than one gene.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Nasopharynx | Ciliated cells (cell body) | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Stomach | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Pachytene spermatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Ovarian stroma cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skeletal muscle | Myocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced PABPC1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot chromogenic PABPC1 staining in paraffin sections using the selected antibody’s tissue image, protein localization, and tissue expression evidence (A01877-1 caption; UniProt P11940; HPA).
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for weak PABPC1 staining in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for this catalog antibody (datasheet A01877-1). Its paraffin-section image used that retrieval, followed by 10% goat serum blocking and primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C (A01877-1 caption). If staining is weak, check that sections received consistent heating and cooling before comparing any alternative retrieval buffer on adjacent sections (standard IHC practice). Keep antibody concentration and detection conditions constant during that comparison so a change in cytoplasmic signal can be assigned to retrieval (standard IHC practice; HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression). Score tissue morphology alongside staining because excessive retrieval can compromise interpretation (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain uneven PABPC1 staining across paraffin sections?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected tissue image describes a paraffin section but does not state its fixative (A01877-1 caption). Record the fixative, fixation duration, processing schedule, and section age for each specimen before comparing PABPC1 intensity (standard IHC practice). Use similarly processed sections and the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval when investigating variation (datasheet A01877-1; standard IHC practice). If staining varies with processing batch, compare a shared control section in each run and inspect tissue preservation before attributing the difference to biology (standard IHC practice). Cytoplasmic expression alone does not establish a fixation effect (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression).
How should I assess nuclear or punctate PABPC1 staining in tissue?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in routine tissue sections (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression), consistent with supported cytosolic localization in cell imaging (HPA: cytosol supported). Nuclear signal can be biologically plausible because PABPC1 shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus and can accumulate in the nucleus during stress (UniProt P11940: subcellular location). Cytoplasmic puncta can also be plausible in stressed cells because PABPC1 relocates to stress granules (UniProt P11940: subcellular location). For an unexpected pattern, compare intact cells with nearby damaged regions, examine a no-primary control, and confirm compartment boundaries with a counterstain (standard IHC practice). Do not infer stress solely from punctate chromogenic staining (UniProt P11940: stress-granule localization; standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish PABPC1 isoforms or reveal a masked epitope?
PABPC1 has 2 listed isoforms, while the selected tissue caption does not identify the antibody epitope or establish isoform discrimination (UniProt P11940: isoforms; A01877-1 caption). Its 4 RNA recognition motifs occupy residues 11–370, and its PABC domain occupies residues 542–619 (UniProt P11940: domains). Without an epitope map, neither domain accessibility nor recognition of a particular isoform can be inferred from a positive DAB stain (UniProt P11940: domains and isoforms; A01877-1 caption). If staining changes after retrieval, compare adjacent sections under matched detection conditions, then seek independent epitope or isoform validation before assigning the difference to protein processing (standard IHC practice).
How could IF help resolve ambiguous cytoplasmic PABPC1 staining seen by IHC?
Use IF as a complementary localization check when chromogenic staining leaves cell identity or compartment boundaries uncertain (standard IHC/IF practice). Multiplex PABPC1 with a marker identifying the expected cell population, such as squamous epithelial cells in esophagus, and assess overlap within individual cells (HPA: high in esophageal squamous epithelial cells; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and favor a red or far-red PABPC1 channel when tissue autofluorescence obscures shorter wavelengths (standard IF practice). PABPC1 lacks a transmembrane segment and is principally cytosolic, so permeabilize sufficiently to expose intracellular epitopes while preserving morphology (UniProt P11940: topology; HPA: cytosol supported; standard IF practice). Confirm each channel with appropriate single-stain and no-primary controls (standard IF practice).
What should I check when DAB background obscures PABPC1 staining?
The selected image used a rabbit primary at 1:200, a peroxidase-conjugated secondary, and DAB detection (A01877-1 caption). Check endogenous peroxidase blocking, wash stringency, secondary-only background, and DAB development time before increasing antibody concentration (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Keep the documented 10% goat serum block as a starting condition when reproducing that image, then compare a no-primary section to locate reagent-dependent staining (A01877-1 caption; standard IHC practice). Because PABPC1 is broadly cytoplasmic, widespread cell-body color alone cannot distinguish specific signal from background (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). Judge suspected background against intact cell morphology and matched control sections (standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify PABPC1 staining across heterogeneous tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue region before scoring, since PABPC1 staining varies among reported cell types (HPA: tissue IHC profile). For cytoplasmic DAB, record the percentage of positive cells and an H-score combining intensity with that percentage; report the scoring thresholds used (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). If counting discrete positive cells, report density per mm² of evaluable tissue and exclude necrotic or folded regions (standard IHC practice). Normalize comparisons to the same cell population, analyzable tissue area, staining run, and imaging settings (standard IHC practice). Avoid treating whole-section intensity as a direct measure of PABPC1 per cell when cellular composition differs (standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish true PABPC1 staining from tissue or detection artefact?
A credible pattern is cell-associated cytoplasmic staining in preserved tissue, consistent with the reported tissue profile (HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). Interpret weak or absent staining by cell type: glandular cells in stomach show medium signal, whereas adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA: stomach glandular cells medium; adipocytes not detected). Nuclear staining is possible under stress, but a uniformly nuclear pattern without cytoplasmic signal warrants control review (UniProt P11940: nuclear relocalization during stress; HPA: ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). Reject staining confined to section edges, necrosis, or visibly damaged tissue, and check a no-primary section for endogenous enzyme signal (standard chromogenic IHC practice). The HPA tissue profile carries a cross-gene targeting caution, so orthogonal confirmation strengthens a PABPC1-specific conclusion (HPA: reliability description).
Boster reagents
Best PABPC1 / Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 IHC Antibodies
Both antibodies have real IHC images from paraffin sections of human and rat tissues (catalog IHC captions); both list IF/ICC, but no IF images are supplied (catalog applications and IF image fields).
Real IHC data
Anti-PABP/PABPC1 antibody
Cat # A01877-1
Real IHC data
Anti-PABPC1 Antibody
Cat # A01877
A01877-1 will render with a human stomach cancer IHC image; its captions also describe rat testis staining (A01877-1 IHC captions). A01877 will render with a rat testis IHC image; its captions also describe human esophageal staining (A01877 IHC captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A01877-1 if its detailed paraffin-section procedure is useful: the caption specifies EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and a 1:200 primary incubation (A01877-1 IHC caption); A01877 also has paraffin-section images (A01877 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, either SKU lists those applications, but neither supplies an IF image (catalog applications and IF image fields). Both list human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity); the IHC captions report paraffin sections without identifying the fixative (catalog IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P11940 (PABP1_HUMAN, Polyadenylate-binding protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. PABPC1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. PABPC1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. PABPC1 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- PABPC1-induced stabilization of IFI27 mRNA promotes angiogenesis and malignant progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through exosomal miRNA-21-5p. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 2022 — PMC8962095.
- CARF regulates the alternative splicing and piwi/piRNA complexes during mouse spermatogenesis through PABPC1. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 2024 — PMC12040762.
- High-Expression of Cytoplasmic Poly (A) Binding Protein 1 (PABPC1) as a Prognostic Biomarker for Early-Stage Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer management and research 2021 — PMC8275044.
- Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPC1) is a prognostic biomarker to predict survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma regardless of chemoradiotherapy. BMC cancer 2023 — PMC9940331.
- PubMed PMID:2885805 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16421571 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for PABPC1 (Polyadenylate-binding protein 1). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A01877-1). Validated IHC antibody: A01877-1 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Bone marrow (Hematopoietic cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human stomach cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A01877-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A01877-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A01877-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A01877-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-PABPC1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A01877-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A01877-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining may reflect proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; antibody epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: Ubiquitous expression (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P11940, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · cytosol., Datasheet A01877-1, PMC8962095, PMC12040762. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/PABPC1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.