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- Table of Contents
Facts about Piwi-like protein 4.
Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs which are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements (By similarity). Associates with secondary piRNAs antisense and PIWIL2/MILI is required for such association (By similarity).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | PIWIL4 |
Uniprot: | Q7Z3Z4 |
Entrez: | 143689 |
Belongs to: |
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argonaute family |
DKFZp686P01248; FLJ36156; HIWI2; HIWI2MIWI2; MIWI2; PIWI; PIWIL4; piwi-like 4 (Drosophila); piwi-like protein 4
Mass (kDA):
96.589 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 11q21 |
Sequence: | 11; NC_000011.10 (94567368..94621421) |
Expressed in testis. According to PubMed:17544373, it is ubiquitously expressed.
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Probable component of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis. PIWIL2/MILI is required for nuclear localization (By similarity).
If you are looking for primary antibodies that target PIWIL4 protein, then you have come to the right place. Boster Bio produces high-affinity primary antibodies that have been validated for Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. These antibodies are made for research and have been cited many times over the past two decades. Learn more about these antibodies and how they can benefit your research.
PIWIL4 is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. These diseases lead to massive cell death, which can result in the death of many neurons. PIWIL4 is well-known to regulate neurogenic gene expression, which is essential for normal brain development. It may also affect the activity and function of glioma cells.
NT2 cells were transfected by the anti-PIWIL4 mark. The cells were cultured with conditioned medium, prepared from NT2 cellular cells, for two days. MTS viability testing was performed on the conditioned milieu. Gel strips were used for determining the protein expression of NLGN3 (PTN) and NLGN3. The data were then examined using Student's T-test.
PIWIL4 comes from the Argonaute RNA binding proteins family. It associates itself with piRNAs which are between 24 and 31 nucleotides long. PIWI-piRNA complexes suppress transposons and RNA-binding proteins. PIWIL4 knockdown reduces expression of TUBB3 (and PTN).
The Piwil1 gene belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved genes. It is required for stem cell self-renewal and division. Piwil1 expression in many types of tumors has been associated with malignant behavior. Piwil1 expression was also associated to poor prognosis for soft-tissue sarcomas as well as pancreatic cancer.
The anti-Piwilike Protein 4 (PIWIL4) antibody can be used as a universal, one-hundred% polyclonal antihuman PIWIL4 indicator. It can be stored at -20degC for up to one year. The anti-Piwi like protein 4 antibody reacts with Humans, Mouses, Rats, and Rats.
Inhibiting HIV-1 5' LTR activity and replication is a major aim of high-affinity primary antibodies targeting the PIWIL4 marker. In a recent study, knockdown of PIWIL4 enhanced HIV-1 transcription and reversed latency in Jurkat T cells, resting CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected people on cART, and primary T cells from healthy subjects. The knockdown PIWIL4 promoted reactivation by JQ1 and vorinostat. These drugs are reactivating drugs and HIV-1 infected individuals with HIV-1 latently on cART. The knockdown and subsequent reactivation of PIWIL4 could be a potential latency-reversing agent.
To validate the PIWIL4-based high-affinity primary antibodies, we used HIV-1 cells depleted of PIWIL4. This antibody was then added onto TZM–bl cells, which had been previously stably transfected using either wild-type (or mutated) PIWIL4. The luciferase activities were measured in triplicates. P values were determined using Student's T test.
PIWIL4 includes two major domains, namely the PAZ and the PIWI domains. The PAZdomain binds piRNAs through seven sites. An abnormal piRNA-PIWIL4 binding ability would prevent the protein from entering the nucleus and limiting gene locus targeting. HIV-1 5' LTR repression depends on the PIWIL4 PIWIL4 Protein.
Jurkat cells revealed that PIWIL4 could associate with HIV-1 5' LTR. For association with HIV-1 5’ LTR, PIWIL4 must have a PAZ domain. These results showed that PIWIL4-based, high-affinity primary antibodies using PIWIL4 markers can increase anti-HIV-1 infections by as much as five.
Among the many possible targets of PIWIL4 is the brain, where it is thought to regulate the activity of genes necessary for normal neurogenesis. PIWIL4 can also regulate glioma and other cells, so it was chosen for this research. These benefits must be weighed against potential toxicity. This article will outline the most valuable uses of PIWIL4 markers.
PIWIL4 plays a key role in the conversion of epithelial into mesenchymal cellular cells. It is also vital for the acquisition migratory potential in MDAMB-231 cellular cells. Because of this, PIWIL4 has many uses. However, it is an uncommon target in clinical research, making it necessary to do more investigation before implementing it into any clinical trial.
The PIWIL4 RNA-binding marker belongs to the PIWI group of proteins. These proteins interact with unique noncoding RNA called piRNAs that regulate the expressions of various genes and epigenetic process. The PIWI family proteins are also used as prognostic markers to predict the outcome of different types and types of cancer. A lower level PIWIL4 protein expression is associated a poorer outlook in cancer. Iliev and his colleagues have proven this. Iliev et al. have shown that breast cancer tissues contain high levels of PIWI4, and that a reduction in PIWI4 can result in significant decreases in survival rates.
Another potential application of PIWIL4 could be to inhibit MHC class 2 molecules. MHC class 2 molecules are crucial for cell-mediated immune system. By suppressing PIWIL4, the cancer cells may avoid recognition by immune cells. This could have repercussions for a variety therapy options. A new drug that inhibits this gene could be the next best choice for clinical trials. It must be thoroughly evaluated before it is implemented in clinical trials.
PIWIL4 knockdowns of early neuronal markers have been shown to suppress RA-induced alterations in brain cells. PIWIL4 knockdowns partially restored neuronal genes MAP2 or TUBB3, according to studies.
PIWIL4 is part of the P.element-induced wimpy Testis protein family. These proteins interact with non-codingRNA called piRNAs to regulate protein regulation and epigenetics. Because of their prognostic properties, many malignancies have been studied. Low levels of PIWIL4 could be associated with a poorer prognosis. Iliev et al. recently demonstrated that patients with renal cancer who had lower levels had a poorer prognosis.
The findings of the study suggest that the PIWIL4 marker has a high potential for predicting prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Despite its prognostic potential, PIWIL4 expression has not been detected in all cases. PIWIL4 has been shown to be linked to a number other biomarkers including PDGFRA.
Scientists have created an anti-PIWIL4 drug to target the PIWIL4 protein. This agent works at the transcriptional level by inhibiting gene expression. The anti-PIWIL4 drug may come in the form a nucleic Acid or RNA interference agent. The anti-PIWIL4 compound can interfere with CRISPR to inhibit the PIWIL4 pathway.
Breast cancer cells and tissues express the PIWIL4 protein. Inhibiting PIWIL4 protein expression in breast cancer cells and tissues reduced cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. In a study with breast cancer cell lines, PIWIL4 knockdown decreased the activity of 387 genes. This suggests that PIWIL4 is important in immune recognition, and immune response.
Combination treatments for cancer include antiestrogen therapies, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Gene therapy and surgery are two other non-drug therapies. The most effective treatments against cancer cells include anti-estrogen treatment, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and hormone therapy. To treat cancer or enhance another therapy, therapeutically effective doses must be used. They also decrease PIWIL's expression and activity.
PIWIL4 protein is expressed in the cytoplasmic cells of breast-cancer cells. In a recent study, researchers showed that PIWIL4 expression was higher than that of PIWIL1. They also observed a strong relationship between breast cancers and PIWIL4, as it was expressed both in the cytoplasmic but also the nucleus. To understand the role of PIWIL4 on cancer cells, more research will be needed.
PMID: 12906857 by Sasaki T., et al. Identification of eight members of the Argonaute family in the human genome.
PMID: 17544373 by Sugimoto K., et al. The induction of H3K9 methylation by PIWIL4 at the p16Ink4a locus.