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PTPRE / Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for PTPRE
Plan chromogenic IHC on paraffin sections using the catalog antibody at 2–5 μg/mL (datasheet: A05574-1). Use the reported cytoplasmic, immune-cell-rich tissue pattern to choose controls, while accounting for its low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
PTPRE Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Strongest in immune-cell cytoplasm; endothelium also positive (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A05574-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Breast+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep formalin fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Highest expression in immune cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; check epitope against extra- and cytoplasmic regions (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended PTPRE IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A05574-1). Two published PTPRE IHC protocols provide alternatives for retinoblastoma and tumour sections (PMC11049872; PMC13278412).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A05574-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05574-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A05574-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A05574-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-PTPRE, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A05574-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A05574-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A05574-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | PTPRE-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression. Highest expression in immune cells. Additional positivity in endothelial cells. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet A05574-1); evaluate the published retrieval conditions if staining needs optimization (PMC11049872; PMC13278412).
Section 2
What Is the Expected PTPRE Staining Pattern?
PTPRE should appear chiefly in the cytoplasm, with possible membrane staining and a small nuclear-associated fraction (UniProt P23469 subcellular location and topology). HPA reports ubiquitous cytoplasmic staining, strongest in immune cells, with additional endothelial positivity (HPA tissue IHC). Treat this as a provisional guide: HPA rates the tissue staining Supported but reports low consistency with RNA expression and pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
| Strong cytoplasmic staining in lung macrophages, lymph node germinal center cells, or spleen red pulp cells. | These are HPA High cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Compare intensity within the identified cell population; a high rating for those cells does not mean every cell in the section should stain. |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic signal with some membrane staining or limited nuclear-associated signal. | This fits the reported distribution (UniProt P23469 subcellular location). PTPRE has an extracellular segment, one transmembrane segment, and a long cytoplasmic region (UniProt P23469 topology); membrane staining need not dominate. |
| Dominant extracellular or nuclear-only staining, with little cytoplasmic signal in expected positive cells. | This departs from the reported predominant cytoplasmic location (UniProt P23469 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). Check morphology and controls before calling it PTPRE; a small nuclear-associated fraction is reported (UniProt P23469 subcellular location). |
| Strong staining of colon glandular cells or breast adipocytes while expected positive cells are unstained. | Those cell populations are Not detected in HPA tissue IHC. Investigate cross-reactivity or detection background (standard IHC practice). These observations are cell-specific; neither entire tissue is established as PTPRE-negative. |
| Even chromogen haze across cells and surrounding tissue, or no signal in lung macrophages. | Uniform haze obscures compartment and cell-type assessment (standard IHC practice). Lung macrophages are HPA High (HPA tissue IHC); absent signal there warrants a control and workflow check, without proving PTPRE absence. |
💡Expected PTPRE appearanceCall positive when identifiable immune cells show clear, mainly cytoplasmic staining—potentially with some membrane signal—and strong signal in an HPA High population such as lung macrophages; uniform haze or dominant staining of HPA Not detected cell populations is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23469 subcellular location; standard IHC practice).
| Which compartment anchors the IHC readout? | HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue staining, and UniProt calls PTPRE predominantly cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P23469 subcellular location). Its transmembrane segment at residues 47–69 supports a membrane-associated fraction, without requiring a continuous membrane rim (UniProt P23469 topology). |
| Which cells make useful comparisons? | Lung macrophages and lymph node germinal center cells are HPA High; colon glandular cells and breast adipocytes are Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Score the named cells rather than labeling whole tissues positive or negative. HPA also reports low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Can topology or isoforms predict the antibody’s exact pattern? | UniProt lists extracellular residues 20–46, cytoplasmic residues 70–700, and three isoforms (UniProt P23469 topology and isoforms). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform recognition data, so it cannot establish which forms this stain detects. |
| How strong is the tissue-pattern evidence? | Both listed HPA antibodies have Supported IHC status, while HPA describes low consistency with RNA expression and pending external verification (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). Use the pattern to plan controls, then judge specificity from the actual slide and controls (standard IHC practice). |
| Does the IF/ICC pattern settle a paraffin-section IHC result? | No. HPA reports an approved intermediate-filament location in ICC-IF images from A-431, U-251MG, and U2OS (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). That observation differs from the predominantly cytoplasmic tissue IHC description and does not establish an IHC compartment rule (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No staining in a section expected to contain lung macrophages. | The expected cells may be absent from the field, or the IHC detection workflow may have failed (HPA: High in lung macrophages; standard IHC practice). | Locate macrophages morphologically; review the paired positive control, antigen retrieval, primary antibody use, and chromogen development (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong signal appears in colon glandular cells. | HPA reports that cell population as Not detected; cross-reactivity or detection background is possible (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and the expected immune-cell pattern; assess the exact stained cells before interpreting the section (standard IHC practice). |
| Diffuse brown haze hides cell boundaries. | Nonspecific staining or endogenous peroxidase activity can obscure a chromogenic IHC readout (standard IHC practice). | Review blocking and washes; include a no-primary control and verify endogenous peroxidase blocking for the detection method (standard IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei or extracellular material stain strongly. | That distribution conflicts with the reported predominance of cytoplasmic PTPRE, though a small nuclear-associated fraction exists (UniProt P23469 subcellular location). | Recheck morphology, expected positive cells, and no-primary control before assigning target-specific staining (standard IHC practice). |
| A prominent membrane rim seems to replace cytoplasmic staining. | PTPRE has a membrane-associated fraction, but predominantly cytoplasmic localisation is reported (UniProt P23469 subcellular location and topology). | Compare cytoplasmic signal in HPA High cells and assess the pattern across controls before treating the rim as specific (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| A control cell population gives a weaker result than anticipated. | HPA staining levels describe observed cell populations, while its tissue evidence has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). | Confirm that the same named cells are present and identifiable; compare matched staining controls before changing the interpretation (standard IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing PTPRE staining
A05574-1 · IHCIHC analysis of PTPRE using anti-PTPRE antibody (A05574-1). PTPRE was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue.
A05574-1 · IHCIHC analysis of PTPRE using anti-PTPRE antibody (A05574-1). PTPRE was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver tissue. Heat me
A05574-1 · IFIF analysis of PTPRE using anti-PTPRE antibody (A05574-1). PTPRE was detected in an immunocytochemical section of U2OS cells. Enzyme antigen
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132334-PTPRE/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_4212972
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132334-PTPRE/tissue/colon#imid_4212898
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132334-PTPRE/tissue/liver#imid_4212899
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132334-PTPRE/tissue/kidney#imid_4212908
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA015870; green = PTPRE, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA015870; green = PTPRE, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for PTPRE IHC & IF
🧪Run lung first and score macrophages for PTPRE staining (HPA: High in lung macrophages). Use colon glandular cells as a negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in colon glandular cells); on the lung slide, adjacent nonmacrophage cells should provide a background comparison rather than be assumed negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Breast (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show PTPRE in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Intermediate filaments (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched nonimmune rabbit IgG control (selected IHC caption: rabbit primary antibody). Use PTPRE knockout material as a biological negative when available; quench endogenous peroxidase and check macrophage pigment before interpreting DAB staining (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the fixative in the selected SKU’s paraffin-section caption is unreported (selected IHC caption: fixative not stated). Heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 was used for that IHC image, but retrieval dependence was not established (selected IHC caption: EDTA heat retrieval). Frozen-section feasibility is unreported; ICC/IF images exist for A-431, U-251MG and U2OS, but the supplied evidence does not establish that IF is easier (HPA: ICC-IF image cell lines).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for PTPRE
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Lymphoid tissue | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lung | Macrophages | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Endothelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced PTPRE IHC Tips
Troubleshoot PTPRE staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cell type, subcellular pattern, and controls before comparing chromogenic signal across samples.
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for PTPRE IHC?
Start with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A05574-1). The selected antibody produced PTPRE staining in a paraffin section of human breast cancer after that retrieval, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (caption A05574-1). If staining is weak, compare a slightly shorter and longer heating interval on adjacent sections while holding antibody concentration and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Include a known positive tissue compartment in every run, and assess whether stronger retrieval improves cellular signal without increasing diffuse background or damaging morphology (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot weak PTPRE staining when fixation history varies?
PTPRE-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption A05574-1). Record the fixative, fixation duration, tissue thickness, and processing history for each specimen before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). On matched sections, hold EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and primary antibody at 2 μg/ml constant, then assess whether altered retrieval duration restores crisp cellular staining without tissue damage (caption A05574-1; standard IHC practice). Interpret differences between specimens cautiously when fixation histories differ, using morphology and an internal positive cell population to separate processing variation from a plausible biological difference (standard IHC practice).
Should PTPRE staining appear at the membrane or in the cytoplasm?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining, while allowing a smaller membrane-associated and nuclear fraction in the recorded localisation (UniProt P23469 subcellular annotation). The receptor isoform has one transmembrane segment at residues 47–69, with residues 70–700 on the cytoplasmic side (UniProt P23469 topology). In tissue, compare the signal with cell boundaries and cytoplasm rather than requiring a continuous membrane rim; HPA describes ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression with highest expression in immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). A membrane shift should be interpreted cautiously because insulin-induced translocation is annotated by similarity, not established by this paraffin-section image (UniProt P23469 subcellular annotation; caption A05574-1).
Can this stain distinguish PTPRE isoforms or reveal epitope masking?
Do not assign staining to one isoform solely from this IHC result: the record lists 3 PTPRE isoforms, while the supplied caption gives no epitope coordinates or isoform-specific validation (UniProt P23469 isoforms; caption A05574-1). For a candidate epitope, first map it against the extracellular residues 20–46, transmembrane residues 47–69, and cytoplasmic residues 70–700 (UniProt P23469 topology). Extracellular residues 23 and 30 carry annotated glycosylation sites, so epitope location matters when assessing accessibility (UniProt P23469 glycosylation; standard IHC practice). Compare retrieval conditions on adjacent sections and seek independent epitope or isoform documentation before making an isoform-specific claim (standard IHC practice).
How can I adapt the PTPRE readout for multiplex IF?
Treat multiplex IF as a separate assay: the supplied product image establishes chromogenic staining in a paraffin section, not IF performance (caption A05574-1). Pair PTPRE with an immune-cell marker to assess the expected enriched population, while checking endothelial cells and other compartments separately because HPA reports immune-cell enrichment and additional endothelial positivity (HPA tissue IHC). Select fluorophores after examining unstained tissue autofluorescence, favoring a channel with clear separation from its strongest background and including single-stain controls (standard IF practice). If the antibody epitope lies within cytoplasmic residues 70–700, optimise permeabilisation; an extracellular epitope at residues 20–46 may need different access conditions (UniProt P23469 topology; standard IF practice).
How do I distinguish PTPRE signal from chromogenic background?
Run a no-primary control to reveal detection-reagent staining and assess endogenous peroxidase before adding DAB (standard IHC practice). The selected image used a peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and DAB, making peroxidase blocking a relevant general workflow check rather than PTPRE-specific validation (caption A05574-1; standard IHC practice). If diffuse staining rises, compare 2 μg/ml primary antibody with a lower concentration on adjacent sections while keeping retrieval at EDTA pH 8.0 (caption A05574-1; standard IHC practice). Judge improvement by cellular contrast and morphology, because broad cytoplasmic positivity can be biologically plausible and immune cells show the highest reported expression (HPA tissue IHC).
What should I measure when comparing PTPRE across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Score comparable cell populations within defined regions, recording either percentage of positive cells and intensity as an H-score or positive-cell density per mm² (standard IHC practice). Normalise cell counts to the area of viable tissue or the number of eligible cells, and apply the same threshold, counterstain review, and imaging settings across samples (standard IHC practice). Separate immune, endothelial, and other cells where morphology permits, because HPA reports the highest expression in immune cells and additional endothelial positivity (HPA tissue IHC). Report retrieval and antibody conditions alongside scores, including EDTA pH 8.0 and the tested 2 μg/ml concentration when used (caption A05574-1).
What findings would make a PTPRE-positive section convincing?
Look for reproducible cellular staining in anatomically identifiable populations, with predominantly cytoplasmic signal and possible smaller membrane-associated or nuclear fractions (UniProt P23469 subcellular annotation; standard IHC practice). Lung macrophages and lymph-node germinal-center cells are reported as high-staining examples, whereas breast adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Treat staining confined to cut edges, necrotic regions, or no-primary controls as suspect, and investigate endogenous peroxidase when DAB appears outside intact cells (standard IHC practice). HPA labels its tissue staining Supported while noting low consistency with RNA and pending external verification, so corroborate a surprising cell-type pattern independently (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best PTPRE / Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon IHC Antibodies
A05574-1 has human paraffin-section IHC images and human cell IF data (catalog image captions); its listed reactivity is human, mouse, and rat (catalog applications/reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-PTPRE Antibody ®
Cat # A05574-1
A05574-1 will render with a human breast cancer paraffin-section IHC figure (catalog IHC image caption). The same SKU has IHC images from human liver and liver cancer tissue and an IF image from U2OS cells (catalog image captions).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose A05574-1: its caption documents EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml primary antibody; the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC image caption). For IF/ICC, A05574-1 has a human U2OS cell image at 5 μg/ml (catalog IF image caption). For other species, A05574-1 lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity, while its IHC dilution listing specifies human and rat and its IF listing specifies human (catalog applications/reactivity and dilution listing).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P23469 (PTPRE_HUMAN, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon).
- Human Protein Atlas. PTPRE tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. PTPRE subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the intermediate filaments..
- Human Protein Atlas. PTPRE antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type E (PTPRE) in Chemoresistant Retinoblastoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2024 — PMC11049872.
- PTPRE promotes gastric cancer cell resistance to 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Src/FAK/TRIB3 axis. PloS one 2026 — PMC13278412.
- PubMed PMID:2170109 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12121439 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for PTPRE (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A05574-1). Validated IHC antibody: A05574-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Breast. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A05574-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05574-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A05574-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A05574-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-PTPRE, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A05574-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A05574-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep formalin fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; check epitope against extra- and cytoplasmic regions (UniProt); Regulation: Highest expression in immune cells (HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt P23469, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · intermediate filaments., Datasheet A05574-1, PMC11049872, PMC13278412. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/PTPRE/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.