RPS11 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17 · IHC design guide

Design Immunohistochemistry for RPS11

Plan RPS11 paraffin IHC around cytoplasmic staining in several tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Start within the catalog antibody’s 1:100–1:300 IHC range (datasheet A07622S11), and interpret staining cautiously because HPA rates its tissue evidence uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).

Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use

Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for RPS11 (IHC for RPS11): expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleolar location annotated (UniProt), antibody A07622S11, validated IHC image, and IHC protocol steps — Printable **RPS11** IHC protocol sheet — expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleolar location annotated (UniProt), antibody A07622S11, controls and protocol steps. Open the full RPS11 IHC guide →

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RPS11 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide

Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.

Must know before staining

	Expected localisation	Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleolar location annotated (UniProt)
	Staining pattern	Cytoplasmic staining in several tissues, including glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC)
	Antigen retrieval	Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A07622S11)
	Positive control ⓘ	Small intestine+4 more · see all
	Negative control ⓘ	Adipose tissue+4 more · see all

Important caveats

Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.

	Fixation	Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific)
	Caveat	Tissue staining has very low agreement with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC)
	Regulation	No specific regulator annotated (UniProt)
	Isoform / epitope	No isoforms annotated; chain 2–158; no TM segment (UniProt)

Section 1

Recommended RPS11 IHC & IF Protocols

The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A07622S11) is followed by published RPS11 staining protocols for glioblastoma, cardiac tissue and hepatocellular carcinoma (PMC4624638; PMC11922711; PMC7210141).

Recommended immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) protocol parameters
Sample	Paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A07622S11)
Fixation	Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A07622S11); verify before use.
Sectioning	4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard)
Deparaffinisation	Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard)
Antigen retrieval	Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A07622S11); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard)
Peroxidase block	3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard)
Blocking	10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard)
Primary antibody	Rabbit anti-RPS11, 1:100-1:300 (datasheet A07622S11)
Primary incubation	Overnight at 4 °C (standard)
Detection	HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard)
Counterstain	Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard)
Expected result	RPS11-positive staining in glandular cells of small intestine (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues. No signal in the no-primary control.

💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A07622S11). Use each paper’s stated conditions when reproducing its protocol.

Section 2

What Is the Expected RPS11 Staining Pattern?

RPS11 is a small ribosomal subunit protein found in the cytoplasm and nucleolus, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt P62280). In paraffin-section IHC, expect chiefly cytoplasmic staining in positive epithelial cells, especially small-intestinal glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret that expectation cautiously: HPA rates its tissue IHC pattern Uncertain because antibody staining has very low consistency with RNA expression data and awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC).

What am I looking at on my slide?
Distinct cytoplasmic staining in small-intestinal glandular cells.	This fits the strongest listed tissue IHC observation: High staining in those cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare cell boundaries and counterstained nuclei before scoring. A matching pattern supports the stain, but does not resolve HPA's Uncertain tissue-IHC reliability rating (HPA tissue IHC).
Predominantly nuclear staining, or staining confined to tissue structures outside cells.	Predominantly nuclear chromogen departs from HPA's cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). RPS11 also has a nucleolar location in UniProt and approved ICC-IF data (UniProt P62280; HPA subcellular), so a discrete nucleolar signal alone is not proof of an artefact. Check morphology and controls.
Strong staining in a cell population listed as Not detected, such as adipocytes.	That conflicts with the reported adipocyte result (HPA tissue IHC). Consider antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, using an appropriate no-primary control to investigate the latter (general IHC practice). Because the tissue profile is rated Uncertain, do not treat one discordant cell population as definitive proof of either cause (HPA tissue IHC).
Uniform haze across cells and surrounding tissue, without clear cytoplasmic borders.	A nonlocalized deposit is difficult to reconcile with the reported cytoplasmic cellular pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Review background in the no-primary control, blocking and detection steps, and wash conditions (general IHC practice). Avoid assigning an RPS11-positive score to diffuse haze alone.
No visible signal in small-intestinal glandular cells.	This misses the listed High IHC observation (HPA tissue IHC), but the Uncertain reliability rating prevents treating it as a guaranteed positive control (HPA tissue IHC). Check section integrity, antigen-retrieval and detection execution, and the IHC-validated antibody's documented conditions (general IHC practice).

💡Expected RPS11 appearanceA credible positive is distinct, mainly cytoplasmic chromogen in small-intestinal glandular cells, where HPA reports High staining (HPA tissue IHC); diffuse haze or strong staining restricted to unrelated, listed Not detected cells warrants control review (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).

How each factor affects the staining
Compartment and assay	UniProt lists cytoplasm and nucleolus (UniProt P62280). HPA tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic expression, while approved ICC-IF localization includes cytosol, nucleoli and endoplasmic reticulum (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Use the ICC-IF observations to interpret localization cautiously; they do not establish a paraffin-IHC protocol.
Tissue and cell selection	HPA reports High staining in small-intestinal glandular cells, Medium staining in several listed epithelial or tubular populations, and Not detected staining in several other populations (HPA tissue IHC). Its low RNA tissue specificity and Uncertain IHC reliability limit how firmly any one listed tissue can serve as a control (HPA tissue IHC).
Antibody validation	HPA lists HPA049719 tissue IHC as Uncertain and its ICC as Approved; HPA032020 has Approved ICC with no tissue-IHC status listed (HPA antibodies). An ICC approval cannot establish IHC performance. Review the IHC-validated antibody's own paraffin-section instructions before comparing stains (general IHC practice).
Protein architecture	RPS11 has no annotated transmembrane segment, signal peptide, propeptide, domain or isoform in this record (UniProt P62280). These annotations support interpreting it as an intracellular target; they provide no basis for predicting a membrane staining pattern or a special processing-related IHC signal.
Antigen retrieval	Use the IHC-validated antibody's documented retrieval conditions and record them when comparing sections (general IHC practice). The supplied UniProt and HPA records do not report RPS11-specific fixation sensitivity or establish which retrieval condition exposes its epitope.

Why is my staining missing, weak or wrong?
Situation	Likely cause	Next action
Small-intestinal glandular cells show no signal.	A failed staining step is possible; the listed High result is an uncertain tissue-IHC reference (HPA tissue IHC).	Verify tissue morphology, retrieval and detection execution, then compare with the IHC-validated antibody's documented paraffin-section conditions (general IHC practice).
Chromogen is predominantly nuclear.	This differs from the cytoplasmic tissue-IHC profile; nucleolar localization is separately supported by UniProt and ICC-IF (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt P62280; HPA subcellular).	Distinguish discrete nucleoli from broad nuclear deposit using the counterstain and matched controls; avoid calling broad nuclear staining expected (general IHC practice).
Adipocytes stain strongly.	Adipocytes are listed as Not detected, though the overall tissue-IHC profile is Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice).	Review a no-primary control and inspect whether the deposit follows cells or background; confirm the result with an independent validation approach if it matters to the conclusion (general IHC practice).
The whole section has diffuse brown haze.	Diffuse deposit obscures the cellular cytoplasmic pattern described by HPA (HPA tissue IHC); nonspecific detection or inadequate washing is possible (general IHC practice).	Compare the no-primary control, then review blocking, wash steps and detection exposure before scoring cellular signal (general IHC practice).
An ICC-IF image appears to show more compartments than the IHC section.	Approved ICC-IF localization includes nucleoli and endoplasmic reticulum, while the tissue-IHC summary emphasizes cytoplasm (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC).	Interpret each assay against its own reported pattern; assess paraffin-IHC staining with tissue morphology and IHC controls (general IHC practice).
Staining differs between listed positive tissues.	HPA reports High small-intestinal glandular staining but Medium staining in several other listed cell populations, with Uncertain overall tissue-IHC reliability (HPA tissue IHC).	Score the named cell population and compartment in each tissue separately; document controls and avoid treating every tissue difference as a technical failure (general IHC practice).

Source: UniProt P62280 Human Protein Atlas tissue Human Protein Atlas subcellular

Experiment evidence

IHC & IF images showing RPS11 staining

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200 (4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA, pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3, Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200 (room temperature, 45min).

A07622S11 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200 (4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA, pH9.0 was use

HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142534-RPS11/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_13787099

HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142534-RPS11/tissue/liver#imid_13789988

HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142534-RPS11/tissue/kidney#imid_13789989

HPA · TestisHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Testis. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142534-RPS11/tissue/testis#imid_13789958

HPA · ICC-IF HEK293Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HEK293, antibody HPA032020; green = RPS11, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.

← swipe / scroll for more images →

Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.

Sample controls for RPS11 IHC & IF

🧪Run small intestine first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in small-intestine glandular cells); use adipose tissue as the negative, where adipocytes are not detected (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the positive slide, any unstained cells should show counterstain without specific chromogen deposition, but the supplied HPA row identifies no particular cell type as an internal negative (HPA: High in small-intestine glandular cells).

Positive control tissue: Small intestine (Glandular cells, HPA High)

Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)

ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show RPS11 in HEK293, THP-1, U2OS, MCF-7, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (approved) (HPA subcellular).

Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control and an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and immunoglobulin class, or matched nonimmune immunoglobulin for a polyclonal primary (standard IHC practice). Check specificity with RPS11 knockout material or immunizing-peptide competition if available; quench endogenous peroxidase in small-intestine sections and block endogenous biotin if using avidin-biotin detection (standard IHC practice).

⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected SKU A07622S11 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The caption uses Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for antigen retrieval, but does not establish whether retrieval is required for RPS11 in small intestine (caption: Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0). No supplied comparison establishes frozen sections or IF as easier; IF/ICC can assess cytosolic and nucleolar localisation, with a no-primary control to assess tissue autofluorescence (HPA: cytosol and nucleoli; standard IF practice).

HPA tissue IHC evidence for RPS11

Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Very low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.

Positive expression · recommended positive controls

Tissue	Cell type	Level	Evidence	Source
Small intestine	Glandular cells	High	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Appendix	Glandular cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Cervix	Squamous epithelial cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Duodenum	Glandular cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Epididymis	Glandular cells	Medium	Protein (IHC)	HPA →

Undetected expression · recommended negative controls

Tissue	Cell type	Level	Evidence	Source
Adipose tissue	Adipocytes	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Adrenal gland	Glandular cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Bone marrow	Hematopoietic cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Bronchus	Respiratory epithelial cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →
Caudate	Glial cells	Not detected	Protein (IHC)	HPA →

Section 3

Advanced RPS11 IHC Tips

Troubleshoot chromogenic RPS11 IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s tissue image, protein annotations, and cautiously interpreted expression data.

Which retrieval conditions should I start with for weak RPS11 staining?

Use heat-mediated antigen retrieval in Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A07622S11). The catalog antibody’s human tonsil image used that buffer, a 1:200 primary dilution overnight at 4 °C, and a 1:200 secondary for 45 minutes at room temperature (datasheet A07622S11). If staining remains weak, compare retrieval heating and cooling conditions on adjacent sections while holding antibody dilution and detection constant (general IHC practice). Include a section processed without primary antibody to distinguish poor antigen exposure from detection background (general IHC practice).

How should I investigate variable RPS11 staining between paraffin blocks?

Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the catalog image identifies paraffin-embedded human tonsil but does not state its fixative (datasheet A07622S11). Record each block’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare sections with matched retrieval in Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 and matched 1:200 primary dilution (datasheet A07622S11; general IHC practice). Include a consistently processed reference section in each run to separate block variation from staining-run variation (general IHC practice). Do not infer fixation tolerance from tissue staining patterns or protein annotations; neither supplies a target-specific fixation comparison (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P62280).

Where should convincing RPS11 signal appear in a tissue section?

Assess cytoplasmic staining first: RPS11 is annotated in the cytoplasm and nucleolus, while the tissue IHC profile reports cytoplasmic expression in several tissues (UniProt P62280; HPA: tissue IHC). A nucleolar component is plausible, but the nucleolar localisation evidence comes from subcellular studies and should not be assumed visible in every chromogenic section (HPA: subcellular). Compare signal within the same cell type across the section and inspect nuclei at higher magnification before calling punctate nuclear staining nucleolar (general IHC practice). Interpret mismatched compartments cautiously because the HPA tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC).

Could processing or modification explain loss of RPS11 staining?

There are 0 annotated RPS11 isoforms and no annotated transmembrane segment, so an isoform switch or membrane-sided epitope is not supported by this record (UniProt P62280). The annotated mature chain spans residues 2–158, and reported modifications include acetylation and citrullination at specific residues (UniProt P62280). Without the antibody’s epitope sequence, neither modification nor chain processing can be assigned as the cause of a negative section (UniProt P62280; datasheet A07622S11). Compare the same antibody across identically processed sections, then check retrieval and primary dilution before proposing an epitope-specific explanation (general IHC practice).

How can IF help check a questionable RPS11 IHC pattern?

Use IF/ICC as a complementary localisation check: cytosol is the approved main location, with nucleoli and endoplasmic reticulum additionally reported (HPA: subcellular). For tissue multiplexing, pair RPS11 with a marker identifying the expected cell type, such as glandular cells in small intestine, where the reported IHC level is High (HPA: tissue IHC). Choose fluorophores after checking the tissue’s autofluorescence in unstained controls, and separate their emission channels (general IF practice). Permeabilise sufficiently for cytosolic and nucleolar access; RPS11 has no annotated transmembrane segment, so there is no membrane-facing epitope to assign from topology alone (UniProt P62280; general IF practice).

What should I adjust when RPS11 IHC looks diffusely brown?

Start with sections lacking primary antibody and inspect whether color persists in tissue structures or along section edges (general IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic development, control DAB development time, and check wash quality and secondary reagent background (general IHC practice). If background depends on the primary antibody, compare a dilution series around the documented 1:200 starting point while keeping Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 fixed (datasheet A07622S11; general IHC practice). Broad cytoplasmic staining can be plausible for RPS11, but distribution alone cannot establish specificity because tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC).

How should I score RPS11 staining across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION

Define the cell population and compartment before scoring; the reported tissue profile is predominantly cytoplasmic, with High staining in small-intestinal glandular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). For those cells, report the percentage positive and an intensity-based H-score, using the same threshold and color settings across slides (general IHC practice). Normalize positive-cell counts to all evaluable cells of that type, or normalize stained-cell density to evaluated tissue area in mm² (general IHC practice). Exclude folds, necrosis, and section edges consistently, and report the Uncertain reliability of the reference tissue profile when comparing biological groups (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice).

When is an apparent RPS11-positive cell likely an artefact?

A credible pattern should align with cytoplasmic staining and may include nucleolar signal, consistent with RPS11 localisation annotations (UniProt P62280; HPA: subcellular). Check the identified cell type: small-intestinal glandular cells are reported High, whereas adipocytes are reported not detected in the HPA tissue panel (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat staining confined to section edges, folds, or necrotic regions as suspect, and use a no-primary section to reveal endogenous enzyme or secondary-reagent signal (general IHC practice). Do not make a definitive cell-specific expression claim from the HPA pattern alone because its tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC).

Boster reagents

Best RPS11 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17 IHC Antibodies

A07622S11 has real IHC data from paraffin-embedded human tonsil (catalog image caption). IF and Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity are listed, but no IF figure is supplied (catalog applications, reactivity, image alts).

Real IHC data Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200 (4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA, pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3, Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200 (room temperature, 45min).

Anti-Ribosomal Protein S11 RPS11 Antibody

Cat # A07622S11

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A07622S11 will render with an IHC figure from paraffin-embedded human tonsil (catalog image caption). The catalog lists IHC and IF applications and Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity; it supplies no IF image (catalog applications, reactivity, image alts).

Which to pick: Choose A07622S11 for paraffin-section IHC: its own caption reports human tonsil, antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0, and secondary antibody at 1:200 for 45 minutes at room temperature; the fixative is unreported (catalog image caption). For IF, A07622S11 lists 1:50, but has no IF figure or ICC listing (catalog dilution, applications, image alts). It is the only listed cross-species option, with Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity; its host is rabbit and clonality is unreported (catalog reactivity, host, clone).

Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.

References

UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P62280 (RS11_HUMAN, Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17).
Human Protein Atlas. RPS11 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
Human Protein Atlas. RPS11 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the nucleoli and endoplasmic reticulum..
Human Protein Atlas. RPS11 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
Ribosomal Proteins RPS11 and RPS20, Two Stress-Response Markers of Glioblastoma Stem Cells, Are Novel Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients. PloS one 2015 — PMC4624638.
Identification and validation of mitophagy-related genes in acute myocardial infarction and ischemic cardiomyopathy and study of immune mechanisms across different risk groups. Frontiers in immunology 2025 — PMC11922711.
High RPS11 level in hepatocellular carcinoma associates with poor prognosis after curative resection. Annals of translational medicine 2020 — PMC7210141.
PubMed PMID:3267208 — UniProt-cited evidence.
PubMed PMID:10580157 — UniProt-cited evidence.
PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.