SHQ1 / Protein SHQ1 homolog · IHC design guide

Design Immunohistochemistry for SHQ1

Plan SHQ1 chromogenic IHC on paraffin sections using the IHC-validated antibody A10185-1 (datasheet A10185-1). Compare cytoplasmic staining in reported positive cells with controls, and interpret the tissue profile cautiously because its reliability is uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).

Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for SHQ1 (IHC for SHQ1): expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleoplasmic localization is possible (UniProt), antibody A10185-1, validated IHC image, and IHC protocol steps
Printable SHQ1 IHC protocol sheet — expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleoplasmic localization is possible (UniProt), antibody A10185-1, controls and protocol steps. Open the full SHQ1 IHC guide →

SHQ1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide

Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.

Must know before staining
Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); nucleoplasmic localization is possible (UniProt)
Staining pattern Cytoplasmic staining in selected squamous, exocrine and Leydig cells (HPA tissue IHC)
Antigen retrieval EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A10185-1)
Positive control ⓘ Oral mucosa+4 more · see all
Negative control ⓘ Adipose tissue+4 more · see all
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
Fixation Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A10185-1)
Caveat Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC)
Regulation Expression regulation is not annotated (UniProt)
Isoform / epitope 2 isoforms; epitope differences are unspecified (UniProt)
Section 1

Recommended SHQ1 IHC & IF Protocols

The catalog antibody has an IHC-P protocol (datasheet A10185-1). The two published SHQ1 IHC protocols below cover mouse spleen sections (PMC6189109: Immunohistochemistry) and tumor/tissue sections (PMC7286909: Immunohistochemistry).

Recommended immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) protocol parameters
SampleParaffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10185-1)
FixationImage fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10185-1); verify before use.
Sectioning4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard)
DeparaffinisationXylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard)
Antigen retrievalHeat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A10185-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard)
Peroxidase block3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard)
Blocking10% goat serum (datasheet A10185-1)
Primary antibodyRabbit anti-SHQ1, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A10185-1)
Primary incubationOvernight at 4 °C (datasheet A10185-1)
DetectionHRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A10185-1)
CounterstainHematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard)
Expected resultSHQ1-positive staining in squamous epithelial cells of oral mucosa (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in a few tissues. No signal in the no-primary control.
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A10185-1). The pressure-retrieval study does not specify its SHQ1 buffer pH (PMC7286909: Immunohistochemistry).
Section 2

What Is the Expected SHQ1 Staining Pattern?

SHQ1 is a soluble protein found in the cytosol and nucleoplasm; it has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6PI26). In tissue IHC, expect mainly cytoplasmic staining, strongest in oral squamous epithelial cells, pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, and testicular Leydig cells (HPA: High; cytoplasmic expression in a few tissues). Treat the tissue pattern as provisional: HPA rates its IHC evidence Uncertain because staining and RNA expression have low consistency (HPA: Uncertain).

What am I looking at on my slide?
Distinct cytoplasmic staining in oral squamous epithelium, pancreatic exocrine cells, or Leydig cells.This matches HPA's reported High staining in those cell types and its mainly cytoplasmic tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the relevant cells and compartment; HPA's Uncertain reliability means a matching pattern alone does not establish antibody specificity (HPA: Uncertain).
Nucleoplasmic staining, or staining confined to nucleoli, Cajal bodies, or cell membranes.Nucleoplasmic signal can be plausible: it is supported in ICC-IF and described by UniProt (HPA: subcellular; UniProt Q6PI26). UniProt reports nucleolar and Cajal body exclusion; membrane staining conflicts with its soluble localization and lack of a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6PI26). Investigate those discordant patterns before scoring them as SHQ1.
Strong staining in adipocytes or bone marrow hematopoietic cells while expected positive cells are weak.HPA reports SHQ1 as Not detected in those cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). Because HPA rates its tissue IHC Uncertain, use these cells as comparison points, not definitive biological negatives (HPA: Uncertain).
Diffuse color across several cell types, tissue spaces, or the whole section, without a clear cellular compartment.That distribution does not resemble HPA's cytoplasmic tissue profile or its supported nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localization (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: subcellular). Nonspecific binding, detection background, or excessive chromogen development are possible causes (general IHC practice). Compare with a no-primary control.
No discernible signal in oral squamous epithelium, pancreatic exocrine cells, or Leydig cells.Those are HPA's High-staining examples (HPA: tissue IHC). Check whether the expected cells are present, then review retrieval, primary antibody application, and detection controls (general IHC practice). An absent signal does not by itself resolve SHQ1 expression because the reference IHC pattern is rated Uncertain (HPA: Uncertain).
💡Expected SHQ1 appearanceA provisional positive is clear, cell-associated cytoplasmic color in HPA High-staining oral squamous, pancreatic exocrine, or Leydig cells; uniform haze or membrane-only color is suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q6PI26).
How each factor affects the staining
Tissue reference strengthHPA calls SHQ1 tissue IHC Uncertain because antibody staining has low consistency with RNA expression; its High, Medium, Low, and Not detected entries are observed patterns, not validated expression thresholds (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare cell types within the section and seek an independent specificity check before assigning biological meaning.
Compartment depends on assayHPA tissue IHC describes cytoplasmic expression, while HPA ICC-IF supports nucleoplasm as the main location (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: subcellular). UniProt describes cytosol and nucleoplasm, possible shuttling, and granular nucleoplasmic distribution (UniProt Q6PI26). Interpret a nuclear component in light of the assay and antibody controls.
Topology and processingSHQ1 has no transmembrane segment, signal peptide, propeptide, or annotated glycosylation sites; its annotated chain spans residues 1–577 (UniProt Q6PI26). These annotations support evaluating intracellular staining and offer no basis for expecting a membrane rim or secreted deposit.
Isoforms and antibody evidenceUniProt lists two SHQ1 isoforms; the supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform coverage (UniProt Q6PI26). HPA lists one rabbit polyclonal antibody, HPA042792, as IHC Uncertain and ICC Supported (HPA: antibodies). Do not infer that an IHC pattern detects both isoforms or that ICC support validates tissue IHC.
IF/ICC Q&A: what should I expect?Mainly nucleoplasmic signal is supported in the HPA ICC-IF record, with images listed for A-431, U-251MG, and U2OS (HPA: subcellular). UniProt also allows cytosolic localization and describes nucleolar and Cajal body exclusion (UniProt Q6PI26). This ICC-IF observation does not set an IHC protocol or an expected IHC nuclear intensity.
Why is my staining missing, weak or wrong?
SituationLikely causeNext action
Positive reference tissue is blank.The expected cells may be absent, or the IHC detection workflow may have failed (general IHC practice); HPA reports High staining in the specified cells but rates tissue IHC Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC).Confirm the cell type on the counterstained section; review retrieval, primary application, and detection controls using the IHC-validated antibody's instructions (general IHC practice).
The entire section has weak, flat color.Background may obscure compartment-specific signal, or chromogen development may be excessive (general IHC practice). This differs from HPA's cytoplasmic tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC).Compare a no-primary control; review blocking, washing, primary dilution, and detection timing within the established IHC workflow (general IHC practice).
Color appears mainly at cell membranes or outside cells.That pattern conflicts with SHQ1's cytosolic and nucleoplasmic localization and lack of a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6PI26). Nonspecific or detection-related staining is possible (general IHC practice).Inspect cell boundaries with the counterstain and compare the no-primary control; require a reproducible intracellular pattern before assigning SHQ1 staining (general IHC practice; UniProt Q6PI26).
Nuclear color is present, but cytoplasmic IHC color is faint.A nuclear component is biologically plausible, although HPA's tissue IHC profile is cytoplasmic and its supported nucleoplasmic evidence comes from ICC-IF (UniProt Q6PI26; HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: subcellular).Record nuclear and cytoplasmic scores separately; check whether color is nucleoplasmic rather than nucleolar, and interpret tissue IHC conservatively given its Uncertain rating (UniProt Q6PI26; HPA: Uncertain).
Cells listed as Not detected stain strongly.Unexpected staining could reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice). HPA lists adipocytes and bone marrow hematopoietic cells as Not detected, with Uncertain overall tissue IHC reliability (HPA: tissue IHC).Compare a no-primary control and a High-staining reference cell type; investigate persistent discordance before calling the cells SHQ1-positive (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC).
Runs give different intensity in the same reference cell type.Variation in retrieval, antibody dilution, or chromogen development can change apparent IHC intensity (general IHC practice). HPA's High designation is an observed tissue category, not a quantitative acceptance limit (HPA: tissue IHC).Keep the IHC workflow and scoring criteria consistent across runs, include the same reference cell type, and compare compartment and background as well as intensity (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC).

Sample controls for SHQ1 IHC & IF

🧪Run oral mucosa first and require staining in squamous epithelial cells (HPA: High); use adipose tissue as the negative comparator, with adipocytes expected to be unstained (HPA: Not detected). On the positive slide, assess any unstained neighboring cells as potential internal negatives, but do not assume a particular cell type is negative from the supplied HPA row (HPA: oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells High).
Positive control tissue: Oral mucosa (Squamous epithelial cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show SHQ1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control, an isotype-matched rabbit IgG control for the rabbit primary, and a SHQ1 knockout specimen or validated peptide-block control (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary). For chromogenic detection in oral mucosa, block endogenous peroxidase and assess background in the controls (selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative unreported). Heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 is documented for one tissue-IHC example, but retrieval dependence has not been established (selected-SKU caption: heat-mediated EDTA retrieval). Neither frozen sections nor IF are established as easier from the supplied evidence; for oral mucosa, check surface keratin and inflammatory cells for misleading chromogenic background (HPA: oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells High; standard IHC practice).

HPA tissue IHC evidence for SHQ1

Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.

Positive expression · recommended positive controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Oral mucosa Squamous epithelial cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Pancreas Exocrine glandular cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Testis Leydig cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Cervix Squamous epithelial cells Medium Protein (IHC) HPA →
Colon Glandular cells Medium Protein (IHC) HPA →

Undetected expression · recommended negative controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Adipose tissue Adipocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Adrenal gland Glandular cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Appendix Glandular cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Bone marrow Hematopoietic cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Bronchus Respiratory epithelial cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Section 3

Advanced SHQ1 IHC Tips

Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section IHC conditions as a starting point, then assess compartment, cell type, and controls before scoring SHQ1 staining.

Which retrieval conditions should I start with for SHQ1 in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA buffer at pH 8.0 (datasheet A10185-1). The selected paraffin-section image used this retrieval before incubation with 2 µg/ml catalog antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A10185-1). If staining is weak, compare a modest change in heating duration on adjacent sections while holding antibody concentration and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary control and inspect tissue edges for staining that rises with harsher retrieval (standard IHC practice). Record whether improved signal appears in cytoplasm or nucleoplasm, the reported SHQ1 compartments (UniProt Q6PI26), rather than judging total brown staining alone.
How should I troubleshoot weak SHQ1 staining when fixation history is unclear?
The selected image identifies a paraffin-embedded section but does not state its fixative, so SHQ1 sensitivity to fixation is unknown (datasheet A10185-1). Record the available fixation history and compare sections processed under known, matched conditions before changing antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Begin with EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and the caption’s 2 µg/ml overnight incubation at 4°C as documented IHC starting conditions (datasheet A10185-1). If staining differs between specimens, inspect morphology and retrieval consistency alongside no-primary controls before assigning the difference to SHQ1 abundance (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a target-specific fixation effect from tissue staining patterns.
Should SHQ1 staining be nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both?
Assess cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic staining separately because SHQ1 may shuttle between those compartments (UniProt Q6PI26). Its reported nucleoplasmic pattern is granular and excludes nucleoli and Cajal bodies (UniProt Q6PI26), while cell imaging places it mainly in the nucleoplasm (HPA subcellular). In the chromogenic section, use a light nuclear counterstain and compare matched tissue regions so dark DAB does not obscure the nuclear boundary (standard IHC practice). Score the percentage of cells with each pattern rather than collapsing both into one positive category (standard IHC practice). Treat a purely nucleolar pattern as a reason to check staining specificity and image interpretation against controls (UniProt Q6PI26; standard IHC practice).
Can this antibody distinguish SHQ1 isoforms or reveal epitope masking?
SHQ1 has 2 annotated isoforms, but the supplied caption does not identify the antibody epitope or establish isoform selectivity (UniProt Q6PI26; datasheet A10185-1). Do not interpret different chromogenic patterns as isoform-specific staining without epitope mapping and isoform-specific validation (standard IHC practice). The annotated protein spans residues 1–577, has a CS domain at 1–89, and has no annotated transmembrane segment or glycosylation sites (UniProt Q6PI26). Those annotations cannot establish whether retrieval exposes this antibody’s unknown epitope in a given section (standard IHC practice). When signal varies, compare adjacent sections under matched retrieval and detection conditions before invoking epitope masking (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help investigate an ambiguous SHQ1 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a complementary localisation check: SHQ1 is reported in cytosol and nucleoplasm, and cell imaging supports a mainly nucleoplasmic location (UniProt Q6PI26; HPA subcellular). Multiplex with a marker for the cell type under examination, such as a squamous epithelial marker when assessing oral mucosa, where HPA reports high staining in squamous epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Choose fluorophores in channels with low measured tissue autofluorescence and include single-label controls (standard IF practice). Permeabilise sufficiently to reach intracellular cytosolic and nucleoplasmic epitopes, while recognising that this antibody’s precise epitope is unspecified (UniProt Q6PI26; standard IF practice). The paraffin-section caption supplies no IF validation for this catalog antibody (datasheet A10185-1).
What should I check when SHQ1 DAB staining is diffuse or widespread?
The selected chromogenic image used 10% goat serum blocking, a peroxidase-conjugated secondary, and DAB development (datasheet A10185-1). Compare no-primary and secondary-only controls to distinguish antibody-dependent signal from secondary or detection background (standard IHC practice). Include an appropriate peroxidase block before HRP detection and inspect endogenous pigment or residual enzyme signal; these are general chromogenic IHC controls, not evidence specific to SHQ1 (standard IHC practice). Check whether diffuse brown staining tracks section edges, folds, or damaged regions instead of cytoplasm or nucleoplasm (UniProt Q6PI26; standard IHC practice). If background persists, optimise blocking, washing, and exposure while preserving matched control sections (standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify SHQ1 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue region before scoring, then apply the same DAB development and imaging settings across specimens (standard IHC practice). Report the % of positive cells and an H-score that combines the percentage at each intensity level with its intensity grade (standard IHC practice). Score cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic signal separately because both are reported SHQ1 compartments (UniProt Q6PI26). Normalise positive counts to the number of eligible cells, or positive-cell density to assessed tissue area in mm², and exclude folds and necrosis by a prespecified rule (standard IHC practice). Keep staining controls and scoring thresholds consistent between batches (standard IHC practice).
When does SHQ1 staining support a biological conclusion?
Give greatest weight to staining in plausible cytoplasmic or nucleoplasmic compartments, with nucleoli excluded from the reported nucleoplasmic pattern (UniProt Q6PI26). Compare the stained cell population with tissue context: HPA reports high staining in oral-mucosa squamous epithelial cells, pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, and testicular Leydig cells, but rates its tissue IHC reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). A signal confined to section edges, necrotic areas, unexpected compartments, or no-primary controls warrants investigation before biological interpretation (standard IHC practice). Check peroxidase-related background with appropriate controls when reading DAB staining (standard IHC practice). Interpret differences between specimens alongside morphology and staining controls rather than treating intensity alone as proof of changed SHQ1 expression (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents

Best SHQ1 / Protein SHQ1 homolog IHC Antibodies

Anti-SHQ1 antibodies have IHC images from human breast cancer, renal cancer and spleen, and mouse kidney paraffin sections (A10185-1 image captions); IF images show human heart tissue and A549 cells (A10185 and A10185-1 image captions).

Real IHC data IHC analysis of SHQ1 using anti-SHQ1 antibody (A10185-1). SHQ1 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2 μg/ml rabbit anti-SHQ1 Antibody (A10185-1) overnight at 4°C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Catalog # SV0002) with DAB as the chromogen.
Anti-SHQ1 Antibody ®
Cat # A10185-1
Real IF data Immunofluorescence of SHQ1 in human heart tissue with SHQ1 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
Anti-Protein SHQ1 homolog SHQ1 Antibody
Cat # A10185

A10185-1 lists IHC and IF/ICC applications for human, mouse and rat samples, with IHC images from human breast cancer, renal cancer and spleen, and mouse kidney paraffin sections, plus an IF image from A549 cells (catalog applications and reactivity; A10185-1 image captions). A10185 lists human IF and shows an IF image from human heart tissue; IHC is not listed for this SKU (catalog applications and reactivity; A10185 image caption).

Which to pick: Choose A10185-1 for tissue IHC: its paraffin-section images use heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and 2 μg/ml primary antibody; the fixative is unreported (A10185-1 IHC image captions). For IF/ICC, choose A10185-1 when ICC is needed (catalog applications; A549 IF image caption), or A10185 for human tissue IF (catalog reactivity; human heart IF image caption). For work across species, A10185-1 lists human, mouse and rat reactivity, with a mouse kidney paraffin-section IHC image; A10185 lists human reactivity (catalog reactivity; A10185-1 IHC image caption).

Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.

References

  1. UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q6PI26 (SHQ1_HUMAN, Protein SHQ1 homolog).
  2. Human Protein Atlas. SHQ1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
  3. Human Protein Atlas. SHQ1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm..
  4. Human Protein Atlas. SHQ1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
  5. SHQ1 regulation of RNA splicing is required for T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell survival. Nature communications 2018 — PMC6189109.
  6. SHQ1 is an ER stress response gene that facilitates chemotherapeutics-induced apoptosis via sensitizing ER-stress response. Cell death & disease 2020 — PMC7286909.
  7. PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
  8. PubMed PMID:16641997 — UniProt-cited evidence.
  9. PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.